专题45 医疗(高考模拟+名校真题)

备战2022高考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练(高考模拟+名校真题)专题45医疗（2022·广西柳州·二模）WhilesomeChinesespecialistssuggestabolishingtraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM),foreignpharmaceutical(制药的)institutionsandindustriesarepursuingthem.Oftheglobalherbal(药草的)medicinesalesvolume,theChinesemainlandaccountsforonly2percentandJapanhasthelion’sshareofthemarket,faraheadofothercountries.Morethan100countriesandregionsaroundtheworldhavesetupTCMinstitutions,withtheUnitedStates,Europe,JapanandSouthKoreaspendingmillionsofdollarsinresearchanddevelopingmedicine.TheUK-basedpharmaceuticalgiantGlaxoSmithKlineannounceditsfirstTCMmedicineresearchanddevelopmentprogram,whichtargetsnotjusttheChinesemarket,buttheglobaloneaswell.“TCMisawell-builtmedicalsciencebasedonthousandsofyearsofclinicalpractices.Itshowsgreatpromisetreatingcomplicatedconditionsthatthesingle-targetWesternmedicinehasfailedtohandle,”saysZangJingwu,seniorvice-presidentandheadofGlaxoSmithKline’sR&DinChina.“OurfocusistotransformTCMfromanexperience-basedpracticetoevidence-basedmedicinesthroughinnovation,”hesays.Currently,a10-personteaminShanghaiisinchargeoftheprogram.However,TCMisdifferentfromWesternmedicine,sogreatinnovationisrequiredtocombinethetwosciences.Infact,manyinWesternmedicinecircleshaverecognizedtheimportanceofTCM,buttheproblemishowtoproveanddevelopthat.TCMisdevelopedthroughpracticalexperienceandimprovementofherbsbutmanypeopleintheWestdon’ttrustthat.TCM,particularlyherbalproducts,arelargelyavailableintheUSandEurope,butquestionslikehowtoprovetheireffectivenessinthecontextofWesternmedicineandhowtobestusethemremainunanswered.ZhangLingping,directoroftheinternationalcooperationdepartmentoftheBeijingUniversityofChineseMedicine,welcomedtheemergingtrend.“TheirincreasinginterestshowsWesternmedicinecircleshavebeguntolearnaboutthetime-honoredmedicalscience,whichoriginatedinChina,”shesays.1．Whichcountryholdsthebiggestvolumeintheglobalherbalmedicinesales?A．TheChinesemainland. B．Japan.C．SouthKorea. D．TheUnitedStates.2．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A．TraditionalChinesemedicineneedseagerlyinnovating.B．Herbalproductsareeffectiveintreatingcomplexdiseases.C．Amedicationresearchanddevelopmentprogramwassetup.D．Westernmedicineisevidence-basedratherthanexperience-based.3．HowdidZhangLingpingreacttotheemergingtrend?A．Shekeptherneutralattitudetowardsit. B．Sheconveyedherrecognitionaboutit.C．Sheexpressedherworryaboutit. D．Sheattachednoimportancetoit.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TCMIsGainingGlobalPopularity.B．TCMIsFacinganAwkwardSituation.C．TCMHasMoreAdvantagesoverWesternMedicine.D．TCM’sEffectivenessIsBeingTestified.（2021·广东·华南师大附中模拟预测）Thestomachisanextremelystrongorgan,fullofacidtobreakdowneachmeal.Inordertopreventthisacidfromburningaholeinourstomachsanddamagingotherorgans,ourstomachliningisspeciallyadaptedtocontaintheacidsafely.H.pyloriareabletoliveinthestomachbylivinginthelining,safefromharshstomachacid.Thesebacteriaareactuallyprettycommoninpeople,approximatelyathirdofAustralianshaveH.pyloriintheirbodies,butnotallhavesymptoms.Thebacteriacaneventuallycreateinfectioninstomachlining,aconditionknownasgastritis,bywearingawaytheliningandallowingstomachacidtoburnawaystomachtissue,causingpainfululcers.Upuntilthe1980s,itwasthoughtthatbacteriacouldnotsurviveinstomachacid.Thecauseofstomachulcerswasduetolifestylechoices:stress,smoking,spicyfoods;thestomachacidwasbreakingthroughtheliningonitsown.Thisbeliefwasfirstquestionedin1979byRobinWarren,anAustralianpathologist,whofoundbacteriaonamicroscopeslidecontainingthestomachliningofapatientwithgastritis.IntheyearsthatfollowedWarrencontinuedhisresearch.WarrenthenteamedupwithBarryMarshallin1981andthetwocontinuedwiththeresearch,tryingtoseparatethemysterybacteriaandfindacure.Overthenextthreeyears,theytestedtheirtheorieswithsomepositiveresults;however,theideathatbacteriacouldbethecauseofgastritiswasnotwidelyacceptedorevenacknowledged.Finally,fedupwithbeingignoredandconfidentinhisfindings,BaryMarshalldecidedtotestonhimself.HeinfectedhimselfwithH.pyloriandsoondevelopedgastritisandterriblestomachulcers.Marshallthenbegantocurehimselfbytakingadoseofantibiotics.Thisonceandforallprovednotonlythatbacteriacouldgrowinstomachacid,butitcouldalsocausegastritisandstomachulcers.

Eventually,theworldfullyacknowledgedWarrenandMarshall’shugecontributiontoscienceandmedicineandthetwowereawardedtheNobelprizeinMedicinein2005,twenty-sixyearsafterRobinWarrenfirstbeganhisresearch.5．WecanlearnfromthetextthatH.pyloriareakindof________.A．organs B．infections C．bacteria D．symptoms6．WhichofthefollowingwasNOTpeople’sinitialbeliefsaboutgastritis?A．Lifestylechoicescausedstomachulcers.B．Stomachacidcouldbreakthroughtheliningonitsown.C．Bacteriacouldn’tsurviveinthestomach.D．Somebacteriacancreateinfectionbyburningawaystomachtissue.7．HowdidBarryMarshallprovethatH.pyloricausedgastritis?A．Choosingunhealthylifestyles. B．IntroducingH.pyloritohisownstomach.C．Findingthebacteriaonstomachlining. D．GrowingH.pyloriinthelab.8．Thetextismostlikelywrittento________.A．chemists B．patients C．researchers D．thegeneralpublic（2021·上海杨浦·一模）Elizabethwouldn’twalkortalkasaninfant.Angela’sleftlegwassoenlargedthatithurttostand.Emmaneededabreathingmachinejusttosleep.Theirsufferingmaytakedifferentforms,buttheirstoriesshareacommonthread:Neithertheynortheirfamiliesknewwhatwasactuallycausingtheseissues.Undiagnoseddiseasesaremorecommonthanyoumightthink.TensofmillionsofAmericanslikelysufferfromdisorderstheycannotname.Formany,thesymptomsareminor.Butinsomecases,patientscometotheirdoctorswithseriousproblemscausedbydiseasesthatchallengemedicalknowledge.ThosecasesarepreciselywheretheUndiagnosedDiseasesNetwork(UDN)stepsin.Establishedin2008,theUDN’smissionistoprovideanswersforpatientswithdiseasesthatdoctorsareunabletodiagnose.AnyonecanapplytotheprogramandtheUDNworkshardtoscreeneveryapplicationitreceives.Today,theUDNcovers12clinicalsitesaroundthecountry,andhasevaluatedover1,400patients.Morethan400ofthosepatientshavereceivedadiagnosisthankstotheUDN.Insomeofthesecases,thenetworkisabletomatchapatientwithanalreadyknowncondition.Inothers,UDNresearchersmustworktodescribeanentirelynewdiseaseandenteritintothemedicaldictionary.Theprogramhasaddedatleast25entirelynewdiseasesinthisway.Additionally,theUDNcoversthecostofthetests,meaningpatientsaren’tburdenedwithcrushingmedicaldebt.Thiskindofgroundbreakingworkhelpsmorethanjustthepatientsthemselves.Insightsfromstudyingrarediseasesoffernewknowledgeaboutthehumanbodythatcanbenefitallofus.Forexample,thediscoveryofstatins,aclassofdrugscommonlyrecommendedtodaytohelpregulatehighbloodpressure,arosefromthestudyofararegeneticdisorder.“Ithinkthey’vereallyadvancedandchangedthewholemodelforhowweapproachmanyoftheseillnesses,”saysAnnePariser,directoroftheOfficeofRareDiseasesResearch.ShesaystheUDN’smultidisciplinaryapproach—bringingdifferentspecialiststogethertotalkaboutchallengingcases—hashelpedadvancethefieldofrarediseaseresearch,especiallywhenitcomestogeneticdiseases.Livingwithadiseasewithoutanamecanbeitsownkindofsuffering.“Yougrowupfeelinglike,I’minthis,crazy,allbymyself,andnoonereallyunderstandsme,”saysAngelaMoon,aUDNparticipant.Forpatientslikeher,theUDNoffershopefortreatment,butalsoforfinallybeingseen.9．Thepurposeofthefirstparagraphisto________.A．arousethereaders’interestintheUDNB．giveavividdescriptionofrarediseasesC．introducethebackgroundfortheUDN’sfoundingD．raiseacomplicatedproblemthatwillbesolvedlater10．Thefourthparagraphmainlytalksabout________.A．thewaytheUDNisoperatednationwideB．theprogresstheUDNhasmadesofarC．thereasonswhytheUDNissopopularD．thedevelopmentstagestheUDNhasgonethrough11．WhatcanbelearnedaboutAngelaMoon?A．Sheusedtoliveindespair.B．Shefailedtoidentifywithothers.C．Sheisreceivingtreatmentnow.D．Therewillbeacureforhercondition.12．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheUDN’sworkmodel?A．Ithashelpedspreadtheknowledgeofundiagnoseddiseases.B．Itprioritizesparticipants’privacyoversolvingmedicalmysteries.C．Itisspecificallydesignedtodealwithchallenginggeneticdiseases.D．Itemphasizesclosecooperationbetweenspecialistsinseparatefields.（2021·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中模拟预测）Roboticsurgeryisonething,butsendingarobotinsidethebodytocarryoutanoperationisquiteanother,whichhaslongbeenagoalofsomeresearcherstoproducetinyroboticdevicesbeingcapableoftravelingthroughthebodytodeliverdrugsortomakerepairswithouttheneedforasinglecut,thepossibilityofwhichhasjustgotabitcloser.However,unliketheplotofonefilm—whichfeaturedamicroscopiccrewandsubmarinetravelingthroughascientist’sbloodstream—thisdevicecouldnotbeinsertedintobloodvesselsbecauseitistoobig.Whileothertypesofminiatureswallowablerobotshavebeendevelopedinthepast,theirrolehasmostlybeenlimitedtocapturingimagesinsidethebody.InapresentationthisweektotheInternationalConference,DanielaRusandShuheiMiyashitaoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologydescribedarobottheyhavedevelopedthatcanbeswallowedandusedtocollectdangerousobjectsaccidentallytakenin.Totesttheirlatestversion,Dr.RusandDr.Miyashitadesignedarobotasabatteryhunter,whichmightseemtobeanoddtask,butmorethan3,500peopleinAmericaalone,mostoftheirchildren,swallowthetinybuttoncellsusedinsmallelectronicdevicesbyaccidenteveryyear.Tostartwith,theresearcherscreatedanartificialesophagus(食道)andstomachmadeoutofsilicone(硅胶).Itwascloselymodeledonthatfoundinapigandfilledwithmedicalliquid;therobotitselfismadefromseverallayersofdifferentmaterials,includingpigintestine(肠),andcontainsalittlemagnet.Thisisfoldedupandwrappedina10mm×27mmcapsuleofice.Oncethisreachesthestomach,theicemeltsandtherobotunfoldswhichismovedandguidedwiththeuseofamagneticfieldoutsidethebody.Intheirtests,therobotwasabletotouchabuttonbatteryanddrawitwithitsownmagnet,andduringdraggingitalong,therobotcouldthenbedirectedtowardstheintestineswhereitwouldeventuallybegottenridofthroughtheanus(肛门).Afterit,theresearcherssentinanotherrobotloadedwithmedicationtodeliverittothesiteofthebatteryburntospeeduphealing.Theartificialstomachbeingtransparentononeside,theresearcherswereabletoseethebatteriesandvisuallycontroltherobots.Ifnot,thatwillrequirehelpfromimagingsystem,whichwillbeabitmoreofachallenge,butDr.RusandDr.Miyaslhitaaredeterminedtosucceed.13．Accordingtothepassage,therobotoperationwillprobablybeableto________.A．travelthroughascientist’sbloodstreamB．photographthebodytoconveytothedoctorC．enterthebodytodeliverdrugsormakerepairsD．operateonapersonoutsidethebodycompletely14．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A．Theresearchersdidtheexperimentonachosenanimal.B．Onlyonerobottookdrugsandmagnetatthesametime.C．Digestingtheswallowedbatteriesisdifficultforchildren.D．Theactualsizeoftherobotmaybelargerthanthecapsuleofice.15．Whatmaytheexperimentmeantothemedicalworld?A．Thesurgerieswillcostpatientsmuchmoney.B．Patientswillsufferlessforsomesurgeries.C．Fewerchildrenwillswallowthebuttoncells.D．Arobotwillbeinventedtravelingbloodvessels.16．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Tointroduceatinyrobotdesignedtooperateinsidebodies.B．Toshowreadersanexperimentonrobots.C．Toexplainroboticoperationsinsidethebodyareunachievable.D．Toadvisepatientstohaveroboticsurgerytoavoidasinglecut.（2021·黑龙江大庆·模拟预测）Athree-yearstudycomparingthreedifferenttreatmentoptionsfortoothdecay(腐烂)inchildren’steethhasfoundnoevidencetosuggestthatconventionalfillingsaremoretellingthansealing(封闭)decayinteeth,orusingpreventiontechniquesalone,instoppingpainandinfectionfromtoothdecay.TheFiCTIONtrial,thelargestofitskindtodate,alsofoundthat450childrenwhotookpartinthestudyexperiencedtoothdecayandpain,regardlessofwhichkindofdentaltreatmenttheyreceived.ProfessorNicolaInnes,ChairofPaediatricDentistryattheUniversityofDundee,said,“Ourstudyshowsthateachwayoftreatingdecayworkedtoasimilarlevelbutthatchildrenwithtoothdecayatayoungagehaveahighchanceofexperiencingtoothachehoweverthedentistmanagesthedecay.Fromourtrial,thebestwaytomanagetoothdecayisnotbydrillingitoutorsealingitin,butit’sbypreventingitinthefirstplace.”Duringthestudy,oneofthreetreatmentapproacheswasthenchosenrandomlyforeachchild’sdentalcareforthedurationofthetrialforthreeyears.Thefirstapproachaimedtopreventnewdecaybyreducingsugarintake,ensuringtwice-dailybrushingwithfluoridetoothpaste(含氟牙膏).Thesecondoptioninvolveddrillingouttoothdecay.Forthethirdtreatmentstrategy,toothdecaywassealedintostopitprogressing.Ofallthreedifferentwaysoftreatingdecay,sealing-inwithpreventivetreatmentwasthemostlikelytobeconsideredthebestwayofmanagingchildren’sdecayifsocietyiswillingtopayaminimumof£130toavoidanepisodeofpainorinfection.ProfessorAnneMaguire,ChairofPreventiveDentistrysaid,“TheFiCTIONfindingshavefocusedagainontheneedtopreventdentaldecay.Thegoodnewsisthattoothdecaycanbeprevented.Brushingyourteethwithfluoridetoothpaste,especiallybeforebedtime,avoidingsugarydrinksandsnacksbetweenmealsandseeingadentistregularlyareallsmallhabitsthatcanhelpboosttheoverallhealthofyourteeth.”17．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“telling”inparagraph1mean?A．Popular. B．Pessimistic. C．Expensive. D．Effective.18．Whatdoesthestudyadviseustodo?A．Lettoothdecayfalloutnaturally.B．Drilltoothdecayoutatthedentist’s.C．Preventtoothdecayasearlyaspossible.D．Haveconventionalfillingstomanagetoothdecay.19．Whywerethethreetreatmentapproacheschosenrandomlyinthestudy?A．Tousedifferentways. B．Togetprecisefindings.C．Toexploreotherfields. D．Toanalysemorereasons.20．WhatdoesProfessorAnneMaguirewanttotellus?A．Weshouldtakegoodcareofourteeth.B．Childrenshouldn’teatanysnacks.C．Thestudy’sfindingsmaybeone-sided.D．Hewilldofurtherresearchontoothdecay.（2022·浙江·模拟预测）Beingabletofindhighqualityhealthcareatanaffordablepriceisanissueinmanycountries.IntheUnitedStates,Walmart,alargechainstore,istryingtohelp.Itisofferingsomethingnewtoitsemployees:cuttingthecostofadoctor’sappointmenttoonly$4.Thecatchisthatthepatientanddoctormustmeetelectronically--overtheInternet.Thisonlineserviceiscalled“telemedicine.”WalmartisthelatestmajorbusinessintheUnitedStatestopushitsworkerstowardahigh-techwaytobeexaminedandtreatedbydoctors.Thankstotelemedicine,peoplecantalkwithmedicalexpertsfromtheprivacyoftheirownhomes,oftenusingasecurevideoconnection.Onlinevisitsmakeiteasierforpatientstoseeanexpertorquicklyfindhelpforproblemsconsiderednon-emergencies.Plus,itcancutdownonthetimeawayfromwork.Butmanypeoplecontinuetogotothedoctor’soffice.Someareasofhealthcareseemlikeagoodchoicefortelemedicine.Patientswhohavehadmedicaltreatmentsandcannotmovearoundeasilycanusetelemedicinefortheirfollow-upvisits.Also,peopleseekinghelpformentalhealthissuescanbenefitfromtheprivacythattelemedicinegives.Butgenerally,Americanshavebeenslowtotryvirtual（虚拟的）healthcare.TheAssociatedPress(AP)reportsthat80percentofmiddle-sizedandlargeU.S.companiesofferedtelemedicineservicestotheirworkersin2018.Thatisupfromonly18percentin2014.However,theAPfoundthatonly8percentofemployeesusedtelemedicineatleastoncein2017.Comparedwithseeingarealdoctorpersonally,somepeoplemaythinkthequalityoftelemedicineisnotasgood.Parents,forexample,mayfeeltheyarenotgivingtheirchildthebestcareiftheyuseavirtualdoctorappointment.Anotherreasonsomeadultsmaynotusetelemedicineservicesistrust.TomHill,age66,livesinthestateofIndiana.HilltoldtheAPhehasnoplanstoeverusetelemedicine.Hedoesnotbuyanythingonline,letalonedosomethingaspersonalasseeingadoctor.Hesays,forhim,itisimportanttolookhisdoctorintheeyeandshakehands.21．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph1and2?A．Fewcanaffordhighqualityhealthcare.B．Telemedicineissuretobewell-received.C．WhyWalmartissuchagreatsuccess.D．Qualityhealthcareisnormallycostly.22．Whoismostlikelytotrytelemedicine?A．Abusyemployee. B．Aworriedmother.C．Aretiredworker. D．Aprivatephysician.23．Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A．HighQualityHealthCareataLowPriceB．PeopleUnsureaboutVirtualDoctorVisitsC．Telemedicine,aNewTrendofAppointmentD．VisitstoDoctorsinWalmartinAmerica（2021·上海·模拟预测）Foryears,theU.S.hasexperiencedashortageofregisterednurses.TheBureauofLaborStatisticsprojectsthatwhilethenumberofnurseswillincreaseby19percentby2022,demandwillgrowfasterthansupply,andthattherewillbeoveronemillionunfillednursingjobsbythen.Sowhat'sthesolution?Robots.Japanisaheadofthecurvewhenitcomestothistrend.ToyohashiUniversityofTechnologyhasdevelopedTerapio,aroboticmedicalcartthatcanmakehospitalrounds,delivermedicationsandotheritems,andretrieverecords.Itfollowsaspecificindividual,suchasadoctorornurse,whocanuseittorecordandaccesspatientdata.Thistypeofrobotwilllikelybeoneofthefirsttobeimplementedinhospitalsbecauseithasfairlyminimalpatientcontact.Robotscapableofsocialengagementhelpwithlonelinessaswellascognitivefunctioning,buttherobotitselfdoesn'thavetoengagedirectly—itcanserveasanintermediaryforhumancommunication.TelepresencerobotssuchasMantaroBot,Vgo,andGiraffcanbecontrolledthroughacomputer,smartphone,ortablet,allowingfamilymembersordoctorstoremotelymonitorpatientsorSkypethem,oftenviaascreenwheretherobot's'face'wouldbe.Ifyoucan'tgettothenursinghometovisitgrandma,youcanuseatelepresencerobottohangoutwithher.A2016studyfoundthatusershada"consistentlypositiveattitude"abouttheGiraffrobot'sabilitytoenhancecommunicationanddecreasefeelingsofloneliness.Arobot'sappearanceaffectsitsabilitytosuccessfullyinteractwithhumans,whichiswhytheRIKEN-TRICollaborationCenterforHuman-InteractiveRobotResearchdecidedtodeveloparoboticnursethatlookslikeahugeteddybear.RIBA(RobotforInteractiveBodyAssistance),alsoknownas‘Robear',canhelppatientsintoandoutofwheelchairsandbedswithitsstrongarms.It'simportanttonotethatroboticnursesdon'tdecidecoursesoftreatmentormakediagnoses(thoughrobotdoctorsandsurgeonsmaynotbefaroff).Instead,theyperformroutineandlaborioustasks,freeingnursesuptoattendtopatientswithimmediateneeds.Thisisoneindustrywhereitseemstheintegrationofrobotswillleadtocollaboration,notreplacement.24．WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutJapan?A．Itdeliversthebestmedicationsfortheelderly.B．Ittakestheleadinprovidingroboticcare.C．Itprovidesretrainingforregisterednurses.D．Itsetsthetrendinfutureroboticstechnology.25．WhatdowelearnabouttherobotTerapio?A．IthasbeenputtouseinmanyJapanesehospitals.B．Itprovidesspecificindividualizedcaretopatients.C．Itdoesnothavemuchdirectcontactwithpatients.D．IthasnotrevolutionizedmedicalserviceinJapan.26．Whataretelepresencerobotsdesignedtodo?A．Directlyinteractwithpatientstopreventthemfromfeelinglonely.B．Catertotheneedsofpatientsforrecoveringtheircognitivecapacity.C．Closelymonitorthepatients'movementsandconditionsaroundtheclock.D．Facilitatecommunicationbetweenpatientsanddoctorsorfamilymembers.27．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Doctorsandsurgeonswillsoonbelaidoff.B．Theroboticsindustrywillsoontakeoff.C．Robotswillnotmakenursesredundant.D．Collaborationwillnotreplacecompetition.（2021·湖南衡阳·二模）Vaccines(疫苗)againstCOVID-19areabout90percenteffectiveatblockingcoronavirusinfections,studiessuggest.Nearly4,000healthcareworkers,firstrespondersandfirefightersinsixstatestookpartinthestudyledbyCDCresearchers.FromDecember14throughMarch13,theworkerssubmittedweeklynasalswabs(鼻拭子)forcoronavirustesting.Infectionratesfellaftervaccination.“Ourstudyshowsthatifyouwerefullyvaccinated,youhad90percentprotectionfrominfection”,saysJeffBurgess.OtherstudiescarriedoutinCaliforniaandTexasalsoseemtobackupthefindings,researcherssayinseparatereportspublishedMarch23intheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.IntheTexasreport,234of8,969non-vaccinatedemployeesattheUniversityofTexasSouthwesterMedicalCenterinDallastestedpositiveforthecoronavirusfromDecember15toJanuary28.That’s2.61percent,comparedwith1.82percent(112of6,144)ofemployeesthathadgottenoneshotand0.05percent(fourof8,121)offullyvaccinatedemployees.IntheCaliforniareport,infectionsamonghealthcareworkersalsofellwithincreasingvaccinationlevels.Onlyseveninfectionsoccurredamong4,167peoplewhowereatleast15daysoutfromgettingtheirseconddoseofvaccine.Thevaccinespreventedhealthcareworkersinthestudyfrombecomingseriousill,saysstudycoauthorFrancescaTorriani,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.Buttoreallystoptransmissionofthevirus,it’simportanttovaccinate18-to30-year-olds,shesays,“Thosearetheoneswhoarerightnowtransmittingthedisease.”Motivatingthesehealthpeoplewhoarelesslikelytobecomeseverelyillinthefirstplacetotaketheshotscouldbedifficult,Torrianisays,“There’snotmuchinitforthem,butthereisalotinitfortheirfamilies,soI’mhopingthatrealizationwillpushthemtowardgettingvaccinated.”Becausesomevaccinatedpeoplecanstillgetinfected,theCDCrecommendsthatpeoplewhohavegottentheirshotscontinuetowearmasksinpublictoavoidspreadingthevirus.28．WhichofthefollowingistrueofthestudyledbyCDCresearchers?A．Allparticipantsinthestudyweremedicalworkers.B．ThestudywascarriedoutinCaliforniaandTexas.C．Nasalswabsweresubmittedfortestingeveryday.D．Asmallnumberofvaccinatedpeoplegotinfected.29．Howdoesthewritersupportthefindingsinthethirdparagraph?A．Byaskingquestions. B．Byquotingthesaying.C．Bylistingthestatistics. D．Bydescribingaprocess.30．WhatdoestheCaliforniareportsuggest?A．Peopleareadvisedtotaketwodosesofvaccines.B．Onedoseofthevaccinescanensureyoursafety.C．Thevaccineshavesomeslightestsideeffects.D．Oldpeopleshouldbecautioustogetvaccinated.31．AccordingtoTorriani,whoarethevitalpeopletoblockcoronavirustransmission?A．Healthypeople. B．Youngpeople C．Elderlypeople. D．Weakpeople.参考答案：1．B2．A3．B4．A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章从全球中药销售份额谈起，再到如何更好地发展中药，旨在介绍中药正受到越来越多的国际关注。1．细节理解题。由第一段“Oftheglobalherbal(药草的)medicinesalesvolume,theChinesemainlandaccountsforonly2percentandJapanhasthelion’sshareofthemarket,faraheadofothercountries.”（在全球重要销售份额中，中国大陆占据仅百分之二，日本则占据了老虎地位般的份额，遥遥领先于其他国家）可知，日本是中草药销售的最大国，故选B项。2．主旨大意题。根据第三段第二句“However,TCMisdifferentfromWesternmedicine,sogreatinnovationisrequiredtocombinethetwosciences.”（然而，传统中药不同于西药，急切需要创新来将两种科学结合起来），转折后的内容为文段重点，本段的内容为传统中药迫切需要创新，故选A项。3．细节理解题。由最后一段第一句“ZhangLingping,directoroftheinternationalcooperationdepartmentoftheBeijingUniversityofChineseMedicine,welcomedtheemergingtrend.”（北京中医药大学国际合作部的负责人张立平欢迎这种出现的趋势）可知，张立平认可这种趋势，故选B项。4．主旨大意题。文章从全球中药销售份额谈起，展示了各国对中药市场的重视，再由最后一段最后一句“TheirincreasinginterestshowsWesternmedicinecircleshavebeguntolearnaboutthetime-honoredmedicalscience,whichoriginatedinChina,”（他们不断增长的兴趣表明西药圈已经开始了解到起源于中国历史悠久的医学科学）可知，中药正受到越来越多的国际关注，故选A项。5．C6．D7．B8．D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了什么是幽门螺旋杆菌，以及介绍了两位科学家对幽门螺旋杆菌的研究历程以及结论。5．细节理解题。根据第二段“H.pyloriareabletoliveinthestomachbylivinginthelining,safefromharshstomachacid.Thesebacteriaareactuallyprettycommoninpeople,approximatelyathirdofAustralianshaveH.pyloriintheirbodies,butnotallhavesymptoms.(幽门螺旋杆菌能够通过生活在胃的内壁而在胃中生存，不受胃酸的伤害。这些细菌在人体内很常见，大约三分之一的澳大利亚人体内有幽门螺旋杆菌，但并不是所有人都有症状)”可知，幽门螺旋杆菌是一种细菌。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Upuntilthe1980s,itwasthoughtthatbacteriacouldnotsurviveinstomachacid.Thecauseofstomachulcerswasduetolifestylechoices:stress,smoking,spicyfoods;thestomachacidwasbreakingthroughtheliningonitsown.(直到20世纪80年代，人们还认为细菌不能在胃酸中生存。胃溃疡的原因是生活方式的选择：压力、吸烟、辛辣食物；胃酸会自己冲破肠壁。)”可知，D选项“一些细菌可以通过燃烧胃组织产生感染”不是人们最初对胃炎的看法。故选D。7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Finally,fedupwithbeingignoredandconfidentinhisfindings,BaryMarshalldecidedtotestonhimself.HeinfectedhimselfwithH.pyloriandsoondevelopedgastritisandterriblestomachulcers.(最后，巴里·马歇尔受够了被忽视，对自己的发现充满信心，决定在自己身上进行测试。他感染了幽门螺旋杆菌，很快患上了胃炎和严重的胃溃疡)”可知，巴里·马歇尔通过将幽门螺旋杆菌引入到自己的胃中来证明是幽门螺旋杆菌引起胃炎的。故选B。8．推理判断题。根据文章说明了什么是幽门螺旋杆菌，以及介绍了两位科学家对幽门螺旋杆菌的研究历程以及结论。属于科普文章，故可推知，文章很可能是写给普通大众的。故选D。9．C10．B11．A12．D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未诊断疾病网络(UDN)的成立背景、所取得的进展以及给病人带来的希望。9．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Elizabethwouldn’twalkortalkasaninfant.Angela’sleftlegwassoenlargedthatithurttostand.Emmaneededa