形容词和副词语法专项练习人教版八年级英语上册

人教版形容词和副词一、形容词（修饰名词、代词或名词性短语的词）1.形容词的一般用法：（1）名词前，作定语，译为“……的”。It’sacoldandwindyday.（2）系动词后，作表语(系动词:be动词;感官动词:look,feel,smell,sound….)。Helookshappytoday.宾语后，作补语。Doyouthinkitnecessary?作状语。Hearrivedhome,hungryandtired.形容词在句中的位置：修饰名词，放在名词前。Thisisalovelydog.（2）something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词后。Wouldyoulikesomethinghottodrink？（3）表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。—Howlongistheriver?—It’sabouttwohundredmeterslong.（4）有些形容词只能放在系动词后面作表语，不能放在名词前面修饰名词。如：afraid;alone;asleep;awake;alive;well健康的;ill;frightened.Themanisill.（对） Theillmanismyuncle.（错）Thebabyisasleep.（对） Heisaasleepbaby.（错）（5）只能作定语的形容词：little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的例：MyelderbrotherisinBeijing.（对）Mybrotheriselder.（错）（6）常见以“ly”结尾的形容词：lonely;friendly;lively;lovely;likely;silly;ugly…有些名词加y可变形容词。★★如：rainrainy下雨的 snowsnowy下雪的 cloudcloudy阴天的sunsunny晴朗的 windwindy有风的 saltsalty咸的二、副词（修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词）1.副词的基本用法：（1）副词用来修饰形容词、其他副词，一般放在被修饰词之前。例：Heplaysthepianoverywell.Heworksveryhard.Theseflowersarequitebeautiful.（2）副词用来修饰动词，可以放在句首、句中或句末。例：Theylivehappily.Theyarelisteningtotheteachercarefully.Usually,Idomyhomeworkintheevening.Ioftengetupatseven.注意：1)按一般规则，既有时间状语又有地点状语，先地点后时间。如：Hehadameetingintheclassroomyesterdayafternoon.HewatchedTVathomelastnight.2)连系动词不用副词修饰，直接加形容词作表语。常见的连系动词有：feel,smell,get,bee,turn,look,taste等。如：Youlookhappy.副词的分类：时间副词：today,early,soon,now,then,ago,before,recently,later,still等。频度副词：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,hardy,never,ever等（行前，be/助/情后）。地点副词：here,there,in,out,inside,outside,somewhere,forward等。方式副词：well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly等。程度副词：pretty,very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite,really等。疑问副词：where,how,when,why等。否定副词：no,not,neither,nor其他：also,too,only三、形容词变副词的规则：1）直接加ly如：quick—quickly slow—slowly quiet—quietly careful—carefully2）以辅音字母加y结尾，把y改为i，再加ly。如：lucky—luckilyheavy—heavily healthy—healthily3）以le结尾，去掉e，加y如：fortable—fortablyimpossible—impossibly4）元音字母加e结尾，去掉e，加ly如：true—truly注意：（1）并不是以ly结尾的单词都是副词，名词加ly可变成形容词。如：friendfriendly友好的lovelovely可爱的brotherbrotherly兄弟般的sistersisterly姐妹般的（2）形容词和副词同形的单词有：back,high,well,fast,early,late,straight形容词和副词的比较级与最高级1.名言：Bloodisthickerthanwater.血浓于水。Agoodfameisbetterthanagoodface.美名胜过美貌。Thegreatesttalkeraretheleastdoers.理论的巨人，行动的矮子。2.形容词和副词的比较级与最高级的规则变化变化规则原级比较级最高级直接+er或esttallsmalltallersmallerthetallestthesmallest有e+r或stnicelargenicerlargerthenicestthelargest以辅加y结尾,改y为i再加erdryheavydrierheavierthedriesttheheaviest以重读闭音节，辅元辅结尾,双写尾字母再加er或estbigthinbiggerthinnerthebiggestthethinnest多音节和部分双音节词,原级前加more或mostdeliciousbeautifulmoredeliciousmorebeautifulthemostdeliciousthemostbeautiful注意:1)表示否定意义在其前加less/least例：肯定：important（重要的）—moreimportant（更重要的）—themostimportant（最重要的）否定：—lessimportant（更不重要的）—theleastimportant（最不重要的）EnglishismoreinterestingthanChinese=ChineseislessinterestingthanEnglish.2)由“形容词+ly”构成的副词（除earlyearlierearlier），在其前加more/themost变成比较级和最高级。例：slowly—moreslowly—themostslowly原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(距离)further(程度)farthestfurthest3.不规则变化注意：下列单、双音节词的形容词比较级和最高级分别只能加more和most原级比较级最高级like(相似的)morelikemostlikereal(真的)morerealmostrealtired(困的)moretiredmosttiredoften(经常地)moreoftenmostoften五、形容词、副词等级的用法1.原级的用法（1）只能修饰原级的词：very,quite,so,too,prettyHeistootiredtowalkon.MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan’tfollowhim.（2）原级常用的句型结构A=B“A+谓语+as/so+adj/adv的原级+as+B”，表示“A和B一样”TomisasoldasKate.TomrunsasfastasMike.例：Sheisas______asLily.A.cleverB.clevererC.morecleverA＜B—“A+谓语+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B”表示“A不如B……”Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.Hedoesn’twalkasslowlyasyou.2.比较级的用法1）可以修饰比较级的词：much,alot,far……得多,alittle,abit有点儿,even甚至,still仍然,rather,agreatdealof大大的,twice2倍,fivetimes5倍,ahalf一半等例:LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo.Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore.2）比较级常用的句型结构：“甲+谓语+形容词/副词的比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”例：TomistallerthanKate.Igotupearlierthanmymotherthismorning.3）进行选择性比较时，可用“Which/Who+谓语+形容词比较级,AorB?”表示“A和B中，哪一个更……？”例：Whoistaller,LucyorLily?4）“比较级+and+比较级”，表示“越来越……”例：Itbeeswarmerandwarmerwhenspringes.5）“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”表示“越……，越……”例：Themoremoneyyoumake,themoreyouspend. 6）“甲+谓语+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”例：Lookatthetwoboys.Mybrotheristhetallerofthetwo.7）形容词最高级前若有不定冠词a，这时，它不表示比较，而表示“非常”的意思。例：Springisabestseason.春天是一个非常好的季节。3.最高级的用法1）A+谓语+the+形容词/副词的最高级+表示范围的短语（of/in）例：Heisthetallestofalltheboys.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.注意：副修动时，最高级前the省略。2）A+谓语+the+序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词+表示范围（表示“第几最……”）例：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.3）A+谓语三单+oneof+the+形容词的最高级+复数名词（表示“最……的之一”）例：Heisoneoftheclevereststudentsinourclass.4）“特殊疑问词+谓语+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙?”用于三者以上的比较。（表示“哪个最……”）例：Whichseasondoyoulike(the)best,spring,summerorautumn?5）最高级的修饰语：almost,nearly几乎farandaway很byfar……得多注意：1.形容词的最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格、指示代词时，不用the。例：Thisismybestbookofall.2.相比较的两者必须是同类.例：Mypencilislongerthan(Tim).3.比较时不能与自身相比（比较的两者属于同一范围/类别时，要把自身排除在外，用anyother+可数名词单数；若两者不属于同一范围/类别时，直接用any+单数名词）例：Heistallerthanboyinhisclass.=Heisthetallestboyinhisclass.Heistallerthanboyinourclass.A.anyB.anyother【综合巩固练习】一．写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。1.high 2.fortable3.lucky 4.hardworking 5.little 6.outgoing7.fat 8.serious 9.nice 10.much 二.写出下列形容词的副词。— 2.lucky— —4.clear— 5.quiet— 6.true—7.wonderful— 8.hard— —10.cheap— 11fortable— 12.beautiful—13.serious— 14.successful— 15.sudden—三.单项选择。1.Garbagesorting(垃圾分类)encouragespeopletolivelifethanbefore.Itmakestheearthabetterplacetolivein.A.agreener B.thegreenest C.awilder2.NickisnotgoodatsportsMary.A.much;than B.as;so C.so;as3.—Mikeplaysthedrumssowonderfully!—Ofcourse.Heisthananyotherstudentinhisclass.A.muchtalented B.muchmoretalented C.lesstalented4.IthinkMarkisofalltheboysinourclass.A.outgoing B.moreoutgoing C.themostoutgoing5.I'mtallerthanmymother,butshorterthanmyfather.A.more B.alittle C.very6.LucycanplaythedrumsLily.A.asgoodas B.aswellas C.asbetteras7.IthinkJayChou's“Mojito”isthanhislastsong.A.morebetter B.moregood C.muchbetter8.—Tom,areyouboyinyourclass?—No,butJohnis.I'mshorterthanhim.A.thetallest B.theshortest C.theyoungest9.TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthaninShanghai.A.it B.that C.this10.LiLeiisasashisfather.A.funnyandoutgoing B.morefunnyandoutgoing C.funnierandmoreoutgoing11.Cindy,yousingtheEnglishsongamongallthesingers.Congratulations!A.better B.best C.mostbeautiful12.ItwasahundredtimesthanI'dexpected.A.fun B.morefun C.themostfun13.Don'tkeepupwithhim.Herunsthanme.A.muchfaster B.morecarefully C.lesscarefully14.Itwasveryhotyesterday,butitistoday.A.evenhotter B.morehotter C.muchmorehot15.Whenspringes,itgets.A.warmandwarm B.colderandcolder C.warmerandwarmer16.—Howisyourcold,Tom?Didyoutakethemedicine?—Yes,threetimesaday.Butit'sgetting,Isuppose.Ihaveaheadachetoday.A.worse B.worst C.better17.—I'mproudofChangsha,ourhomeland.—SoamI.Itisbeing.A.moreandmorebeautifullyB.morebeautifulandbeautifulC.moreandmorebeautiful18.—Youmadegreatprogressonyourstudy.—Thankyou.Ibelieveyouwork,thebettergradesyouwillget.A.themorecareless B.themorecareful C.theharder19.ShanghaiislargerthancityinChina.A.any B.anyother C.theothers20.—WhatisriverinChina?—TheYangtzeRiver.It'sabout6,300kilometerslong.A.thelongest B.longer C.longest四.用所给词的正确形式填空。1.Ofthetwogirls,IfindLucythe(clever)one.2.Gold(黄金)is(little)usefulthaniron(铁).3.Mysisteristwoyears(old)thanI.4.Theboyisnotso(funny)ashisbrother.5.Dicksings(well),shesings(well)thanJohn.6.Shewillbemuch(happy)inhernewhouse.7.Sheis(calm)thanherfriend.8.Lucyisthe(outgoing)ofthetwogirls.9.Thisroomisnotas(big)asthatone.10.Helives(far)awayfromtheschoolthanIdo.11.Tomis_____________(tall)ofthethree.12.LiLeiis(young)boyinhisclass.13.IthinkEnglishis(interesting)ofallthesubjects.14.Davidhas(many)storybooksofallthestudents.15.LiLeispeaksEnglish(well)inhisgroup.16.Lucyruns(slow)inherclass.17.Thisis(difficult)bookinmybag.18.Whichis(far)ofthethreeplaces?19.TheChangjiangRiverisoneof(long)riversintheworld.20.Whichcityis(beautiful),Xi’an,BeijingorNanjing?五．句型转换，每空一词。1.BasketballismorepopularthanfootballintheUSA.(改为同义句)Footballis_________popularasbasketballintheUSA.2.Tomistall.Jimisshort.(合并为一句)Tomis__________________Jim.3.Mikeisnotasquietashisbrother.(改为同义句)Mike’sbrotheris__________________Mike.4.I’mactive.He’sactive,too.(合并为一句)Iam___________________________heis.5.Mydictionaryisn’tsothickasyours.Mydictionaryis_________thanyours.六．完成句子，每空一词。1.我的哥哥比你高。Mybrotheris__________________you.2.他不如他的弟弟外向。Heisn’thisbrother.3.我想我比杰克高一点。IthinkIam___________________________thanJack.4.春天来了，天气越来越暖和了。Springising,it’sgetting___________________________.5.你学习越努力，成绩就会越好。__________________youstudy,__________________gradesyouwillget.6.那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的。Thegirlwithshorthairis____________________inourclass.7.今天是一年中最热的一天。Todayis____________________dayoftheyear.中国第二大城市是哪座城市？Whichis________________________________________inChina?9.他的房间是三个中最干净的一个。Hisroomis____________________ofthethree.10.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。TheYangtzeRiverisintheworld.七.在空白处填上一个词或括号中所给词的适当形式。1.Dreamsarepowerfulandtheycandriveyoutoworkharderandbee(good)thanbefore.2.—Doesthedishtasteas(good)asitlooks?—Yes.Ican'twaittoeatit.3.(hard)weworkatEnglish,thebettergradeswewillget.4.Mygrandmaisareallyniceperson—oneof(nice)peopleIknow.5.Artisasimportantothersubjects.Itcanhelpusdevelopasenseofbeauty.6.—SuperBrainisahit(热门)TVshowrecently.Whichpetitordoyoulikebest?—IthinkZhaoJinhaoisoneofthesmartest(petitor)amongthem.7.Emmalovesanimalsandlooksafterherpetdog(careful)thanherfriends.8.Dicksingswell.HesingsbetterthanJohn,butMarysings(well)inherclass.9.Protectingourselves(be)oneofthemostimportantthingswemustdo.10.Whichsubjectis(difficult),English,mathorChinese?11.Whois(tall),LucyorLily?12.TheSiberiantiger,knownastheNortheastTigerinChina,is(large)tigerofall.13.Marydances(good)thantheothergirlsinherclass.14.Theshortoneis(expensive)ofthefive.15.Sheisthe(young)ofthetwogirls.16.MycousinLiJingis(funny)personIknow.17.TheYellowRiveristhesecond(long)riverinChina.参考答案【巩固练习】一．写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。1.higherhighest 2.morefort