2022年中考英语(百色专用)复习精讲教学案-题型5阅读理解

题型五阅读理解类型一判断正误型阅读阅读技能是体现学生综合语言能力的一个重要方面，也是招生考试的重点。自2018年起，百色中考阅读理解增加了一篇判断正误型阅读，其他保持不变。总题数由原来的15道变成了20道。百色近五年中考判断正误型阅读理解的体裁及话题分布如下：判断正误型阅读年份命题角度20212020201920182017话题太极和少林功夫睡眠建议(A篇)神舟飞船(A篇)旅行建议(A篇)/体裁记叙文应用文应用文应用文/段落4段文字4条建议4则信息2则信息/生词1212/总词数162167165100/判断正误型阅读理解是百色中考从2018年起新增加的一种题型，要求学生判断所给句子的意思是否与文章内容相符。此题型较简单，主要考查学生是否理解文章大意，能否抓住细节，侧重考查学生的认知能力和理解能力。具体的解题方法与技巧如下：1．粗读所给的句子，明确句子的意思。这样的好处在于阅读短文时能有的放矢，把重点放在需要考虑的内容上，这样既节省了时间，又提高了答题的准确率。2．仔细分析材料中的有关内容。对于简单明了的文章，注意其首尾句、表明文章主旨的中心句或关键词等。对于读了一遍意思还不够明了的文章，我们除了了解全文，弄清人物、时间、地点、事件、原因等要点外，还要仔细分析复杂的句子，弄清句子乃至全文的意思。3．复读全文，最后确定所给句子的正误。复读的目的是核对答案与短文整体是否相符，发现问题，斟酌改正。尤其是信息归纳类和逻辑推理类的题，短文中未提供可以判断所给句子正误的直接信息，我们应仔细斟酌，复读文章，确定正确答案。太极和少林功夫(2021百色)Everymorning，millionsofpeopleinChinadoTai­chi.Itispopularwithwomenandmen.Tai­chiisagoodkindofexerciseforoldpeople.Itisgoodforthebodyandforthemind.Itishealthyandrelaxing.Tai­chiisfromChina.Itishundredsofyearsold.Tai­chiisa“soft”martialart(武术)．Thatmeansitisslowandcalm.Therearealso“hard”martialarts.ShaolinKung­fu，forexample，whichhasahistoryofover1，500years，isa“hard”martialart.Itisfastanddangerous.Youhavetobeveryfitandstrongtodo“hard”martialarts.InBeijing，MasterLiisteachingShaolinKung­futothirtyyoungstudents，andthreeofthemcomefromabroad.“ShaolinKung­fuisdifficult，”saidMasterLi.“Youmustpractiseeverymovemanytimes.”SportslikefootballandbasketballarealsopopularinChina.ButmartialartslikeTai­chiandKung­fuarepartofChinesecultureandhistory.根据材料内容，判断下列句子意思与原文是否相符，相符的选T，不相符的选F。()51.MenlikeTai­chibetterthanwomendo.()52.Tai­chihasalongerhistorythanShaolinKung­fu.()53.PeoplehavetobeveryfitandstrongtodoShao­linKung­fu.()54.MasterLiisteachingTai­chiinBeijing.()55.Twokindsofmartialartsaretalkedaboutinthispassage.【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了太极和少林功夫在中国很流行，是中国文化和历史的一部分。51.F细节理解题。根据“Itispopularwithwomenandmen.”太极很受女性和男性的欢迎，并没有说男性比女性更喜欢太极，此句表述错误。故填F。52.F推理判断题。根据“Tai­chiisfromChina.Itishundredsofyearsold.”及“Therearealso‘hard’martialarts.ShaolinKung­fu，forexample，whichhasahistoryofover1，500years”可知，太极有几百年的历史，而少林功夫有超过1500年的历史，此句表述错误。故填F。53.T细节理解题。根据“Youhavetobeveryfitandstrongtodo‘hard’martialarts.”可知，你必须非常健康和强壮才能练少林武术，此句表述正确。故填T。54.F细节理解题。根据“InBeijing，MasterLiisteachingShaolinKung­futothirtyyoungstudents”可知，在北京，李大师正在向30名年轻学生传授少林功夫，并不是太极，此句表述错误。故填F。55.T推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文介绍了太极和少林功夫在中国很流行，这两种武术是中国文化和历史的一部分，此句表述正确。故填T。车胤和孙康的学习故事(2021北部湾经济区改编)Once，thereweretwohard­workingchildren，CheYinandSunKang.Theylovedreading，buttheirfamilieswerepoorandcouldn'taffordlampoil(灯油)forthechildrentostudyatnight.Howdidtheygetoverthedifficulty？Herearetheirstories.CheYin'sstorybeganonahotsummernight.Hesawfireflies(萤火虫)flyandanideacameintohismind.Hecaughtsomefirefliesinaclothbagandhungitupasalamp.Hespentallofhissummernightsreadinglikethis.Theotherstoryhappenedinwinter.SunKangwokeuponacoldnight.Hesawthemoonshinesobrightlyonthesnowanditmadethenightbrighter.“Icanreadwiththelight！”hethought.Sohetookhisbooksoutsideandread，eventhoughitwasverycold.Later，CheYinandSunKangbecamesuccessful.TheirstorieswereturnedintoChinesewordsnangyingyingxue.Difficultiescannotstopyoungmindsfromlearning.Ifthereisawill，thereisalwayslightontheroadtoknowledge.根据材料内容，判断下列句子意思与原文是否相符，相符的选T，不相符的选F。(T)1.CheYinandSunKangworkedhardandlovedreading.(F)2.Forthetwofamilies，lampoilwasverycheap.(T)3.CheYincouldreadonsummernightsusinga“fireflylamp”．(F)4.SunKangfeltsocoldthathecouldn'tstudyonwinternights.(T)5.Thestoriestellusthatnothingcanstoplearning.中国古代四大发明HowmuchdoyouknowaboutthefourgreatestinventionsofancientChina？Let'shavealook.Paper­makingChinawasthefirstcountryintheworldtomakepaper.DuringtheWesternHanDynasty(202B.C.—9A.D.)，paperwasmadeinsomeplacesinChina.ItwasdevelopedintheEasternHanDynasty(25A.D.—220A.D.)byCaiLun.Hemadepaperwithbark，ropes，ragsandsoon.Beforeitwasinvented，theancientChinesecarvedcharactersonanimalbonesandstones.Theyalsowrotethemonbambooandwoodensticks.PrintingItwasdevelopedin1041—1048intheSongDynasty.AmannamedBiShengcarvedcharactersonpiecesofclayandwood.Thenheputinkonthem.Afterthecharacterswereprintedonpaper，thepiecesofclayorwoodcouldbeusedagain.ThistechnologythenspreadtoKorea，JapanandEurope.Itwasthebasicmethodatthattime.续表CompassItwasagreatgifttotheworldfromancientChina.Beforeitwasinvented，sailorshadtodependonthestarstofinddirections.Afteritwasinvented，theoceanswereopentotravel.Andmanynewdiscoveriesweremadewiththehelpofit.GunpowderItwasoneofthegreatestinventions.Itissaidthatinthe3rdcenturyaChinesemanwroteabouthowtomakeit.Atfirst，itwasusedformakingfireworks.AttheendoftheTangDynasty，peoplebegantouseitinwars.ThemethodofmakingitwasbroughttotheArabworldandEuropeinthe13thand14thcenturies.(T)1.Afterthecompasswasinvented，theoceanswereopentotravel.(F)2.Atfirst，gunpowderwasusedinwars.(F)3.BiShengdevelopedpaper­makingintheEasternHanDynasty.(T)4.PrintingwasdevelopedintheSongDynasty.(F)5.BiShengcarvedcharactersonpiecesofclothtouseagain.类型二选择答案型阅读选择答案型阅读年份命题角度20212020201920182017话题及体裁人物故事C篇(记叙文)///A篇(记叙文)事物介绍/////环保理念//B篇(说明文)D篇(说明文)C篇(说明文)异国文化/B篇(说明文)C篇(说明文)B篇(说明文)/社会生活////B篇(议论文)人类文明/////学校教育//D篇(说明文)//文化礼仪B篇(说明文)C篇(说明文)///学校生活/////节日习俗///C篇(说明文)/健康生活D篇(说明文)D篇(说明文)///阅读理解是考查学生能力的一种重要方式。主要考查学生对阅读材料的理解能力、对材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。阅读理解常见的考查方式有：细节理解题、推理判断题(含文章出处)、主旨/段落大意题、词义猜测题、标题归纳题等。偶尔考查词语指代题和写作意图题。具体的解题方法与技巧如下：1．通读全文，了解文章大意。首先要通读全文，抓住文章的首尾句及每段的中心句，快速获知文章的主旨大意，理清文章的结构脉络。2．审读问题，带着问题找答案。读懂短文内容后再审读题目，把握每个待判定选项的含义，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的关键词，然后寻找关键词在文章中所在的句子与段落，分析句子含义及上下文语境，确定正确选项。3．复读文章，检查答案的正确性。完成答题后再将短文重读一遍，加深对短文的理解。在此基础上对每一道题进行复查核对，确保答案的准确性。难忘恩师(2021百色)Halfacenturyhaspassed，butShaoGuohuaneverforgotthefilmtickethisteachergavehimthatwarmedhisheartwhenhewasaboy.ShaoenteredprimaryschoolinZigong，SichuanProvince，in1960.Backthen，sportsandwatchingmovieswerethestudents'favoritetimes.Once，theschoolorganizedatriptothemoviesforthestudents，andmanyofShao'sclassmatessignedupforit.Buttheboyhadnomoneytobuythe0.05­yuanticket.Whenhisclassmateslineduptoenterthemovietheater，theboystoodaloneoutside.ThenShao'sChineseteacherMoXunrusawhimandboughtaticketforhim.Hecan'trememberwhatmovieitwas，butShaoneverstoppedbeingthankfultohisteacher.“Ms.Momadefortyorfiftyyuanamonthbackthen，soa0.05­yuanticketmaynotbeabigdealforher.Butforme，itmovedmedeeply，”said63­year­oldShao.Aftergraduatingfromprimaryschool，Shaolefthishometownalongwithhisparents.Inthefollowingyears，hetriedtofindhisformerteachersandclassmates，butfailed.Itwasn'tuntiltheyearthatShaovisitedhisteacherMoXunruafter50years.“Thereunion(重聚)wasemotional，”saidShao，whoisoversixtyhimselfnow.“The89­year­oldModidnothearwellanymoreandshecouldn'trecognizemeatfirstsight，butshewasstillaskindassheusedtobe.”Shaoleft1，000yuantohisteacheraswellasacardwhichreads，“DearMs.Mo，wishyougoodhealth.Yourstudent，ShaoGuohua.”根据短文内容，选出最佳选项。()61.Whydidn'tShaoGuohuaenterthemovietheateratfirst?A．Becausehedidn'tlikethefilm.B.Becausehisclassmatesdidn'tlikehim.C.Becausehehadnomoneytobuytheticket.D.Becausehewastoolatetobuyaticket.()62.WhendidShaoseeMs.Moagain?A.50yearsafterhegraduatedfromprimaryschool.B.Soonafterhelefthishometown.C.Afterhegraduatedfromuniversity.D.Thewriterdoesn'ttellus.()63.What'sthesimilarmeaningoftheunderlinedword“emotional”inEnglishinthelastparagraph?Short.B．Exciting.C．Secret.D．Public.()64.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?A.ShaoGuohuaenteredtheprimaryschoolin1960.B.ShaoGuohuasawMoXunruagainatherageof89.C.MoXunrutaughtShaoGuohuaChinesewhenhewasinprimaryschool.D.ShaoGuohuafoundhisformerteacherssoonaftergraduatingfromprimaryschool.()65.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Amanexpressedhisthankstohisteacherforamovieticketafterhalfacentury.B.Sportsandwatchingmovieswerethestudents'favoritetimeshalfacenturyago.C.Ateacherboughtamovieticketforherstudenthalfacenturyago.D.Astudentgave1，000yuanandacardtohisteacherafterhalfacentury.【主旨大意】本文主要讲述了邵国华一直无法忘记曾经给他出钱买电影票的莫老师，尽管毕业后多年，当他在重新与旧同学和莫老师相聚时，老师还是跟以前一样慈祥，邵国华留下了1000元和一张写着祝福话语的卡片给这位老师。61．C细节理解题。根据“Buttheboyhadnomoneytobuythe0.05­yuanticket.”可知，因为他没钱买电影票。62．A细节理解题。根据“Itwasn'tuntiltheyearthatShaovisitedhisteacherMoXunruafter50years.”可知，毕业五十年后又和老师相聚了。63．B词义猜测题。根据“Thereunion(重聚)wasemotional.”可知，跟曾经帮助过自己的老师重聚是一件激动的事情，所以emotional与exciting词义相同。64．D推理判断题。根据“Itwasn'tuntiltheyearthatShaovisitedhisteacherMoXunruafter50years.”可知，是毕业50年后又和老师相聚，D表述错误。65．A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了50多年后一位男士向曾经给他买电影票的老师表示感谢的故事。教师节(2021贵港)InChina，Teachers'DaywasfirstcelebratedonSeptember10，1985.NowpeoplecelebrateitonSeptember10everyyear.Onthisspecialday，studentsusuallygivetheirteachersthank­youcards，flowers，fruitsandothersmallgiftstoshowtheirrespect(尊重)andappreciation(感激).IntheUnitedStates，Teachers'Dayisknownas“NationalTeacherDay”．It'sonTuesdayduringthefirstfullweekofMay.Thedayiscelebratedbystudentstoshowtheirappreciationfortheirteacherswithflowers，thank­youcardsandothergifts.InIndia，Teachers'DayiscelebratedonSeptember5inhonorof(纪念)thesecondpresidentofIndia.September5ishisbirthday.Traditionalsongsaresung，poemsarerecited(背诵)anddramasareperformedbybothjuniorandseniorstudents.InRussia，Teachers'DaywascelebratedonthefirstSundayofOctoberbetween1965and1994.Since1994，thedayhasbeencelebratedonthe5thofOctober，thesamedayasWorldTeachers'Day.Studentsusuallyshowtheirrespectandappreciationwithgames，competitions，dramas，danceorlittlepresents.Besidestheactivities，someschoolsreward(奖励)theirteachersfortheirefforts.Teachers'DayiscelebratedinVietnam(越南)onNovember20th.Itwasfirstcelebratedin1958.Since1982，thedayhasbeennamed“VietnameseEducators'Day”．StudentsholdtheTeachers'Daypartiesattheirschoolstocelebrateit.(C)1.WhendidChinesepeoplecelebrateTeachers'Dayforthefirsttime?A．In1958.B．In1965.C．In1985.D．In1994.(D)2.InIndia，studentscelebrateTeachers'Daybydoingthefollowingthingsexcept________.A．singingsongsB．recitingpoemsC．performingdramasD．playinggames(A)3.In________，peoplecelebrateTeachers'DayinSeptember.A．ChinaandIndiaB．IndiaandRussiaC．IndiaandtheUnitedStatesD．ChinaandVietnam(C)4.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A．Fivecountriesarementionedinthispassage.B．Teachers'Dayisknownas“NationalTeacherDay”inAmerica.C.Teachers'DayiscelebratedonthefirstSundayofOctoberinRussianow.D.ChineseandAmericanstudentsgivetheirteachersthank­youcardsonTeachers'Day.(B)5.Thepassagemaybefrom________.A．anovelB．amagazineC．aguidebookD．anoticeeq\o(\s\up7(),\s\do5(2022备考猜押))脱贫攻坚楷模——黄文秀和毛相林Poverty(贫困)isabigproblemaroundtheworld.ButChinahasdoneagoodjobofdealingwithitandithasfounditsownwaytofightpoverty.Insteadofjustgivingmoneytopoorpeople，ithastriedtoeducatepeopleandgivethemthetoolstheyneedtoliftthemselvesoutofpoverty.Ordinary(平凡的)peopleplayabigroleinthefight.Herearetwoofthem.AftergraduatingfromBeijingNormalUniversityin2016，HuangWenxiugaveupthechancestoworkinbigcitiesandreturnedtoherhometownofBaiseinGuangxiandservedasthevillage'sPartychief.Atotalof418villagerswereliftedoutofpovertythankstoherefforts.Unfortunately，shediedinasuddenfloodattheageof30whiledrivingbacktohervillageinBaise.Shewasgiventhetitle“rolemodelofthetimes”bythecentralgovernment.WhenMaoXianglinstartedtoworkasthePartysecretaryofhisvillage，therewasonlyonepathwayoutofthevillageformanyyears.Heledmorethan100villagerstobuildaroadwiththeirhands.Ittookthemsevenyearst