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American
FOOTBALLNFLCFLContentsDefinitionIntroductionCupsHistoryHowandwhy…?ThefieldGeneraltermsPlayerpositionsIdiomsRandyPausch’s“LastLecture”DiscussionDefinitionNoun agameplayedbytwoteamsof11playersonarectangularfield100yardslong;teamstrytogetpossessionoftheballandadvanceitacrosstheopponentsgoallineinaseriesof(runningorpassing)plays
Introduction(1)Americanfootball,knownintheUnitedStatessimplyas
football
andoftenasgridiron
or
tacklefootball
outsidetheUnitedStates,isacompetitive
teamsportknownforcombiningstrategywithphysicalplay.Theobjectiveofthegameistoscorepointsbyadvancingthe
ball
intotheopposingteam's
endzone.Theballcanbeadvancedbycarryingit(arunningplay)orbythrowingittoateammate(apassingplay).Pointscanbescoredinavarietyofways,includingcarryingtheballovertheopponent'sgoalline,catchingapassthrownoverthatgoalline,
kicking
theballthroughthegoalpostsattheopponent'sendzone,ortacklinganopposingballcarrierwithinhisendzone.Introduction(2)IntheUnitedStates,themajorformsare
highschoolfootball,
collegefootball
andprofessionalfootball,whichareessentiallysimilarbutfeatureslightlydifferentrules.Themajorleagueforprofessionalfootballisthe
NationalFootballLeague.ThesportisalsoplayedoutsidetheUnitedStates.Nationalprofessionalandcollegiateleaguesexistin
UnitedKingdom,
Germany,Italy,
Switzerland,Finland,Sweden,Japan,
Mexico,
Israel,
Spain,Austria,
andseveralPacificIslandnations.SuperbowlGreyCupHistory(1)ThehistoryofAmericanfootballcanbetracedtoearlyversionsof
rugbyfootball
and
associationfootball,playedintheUnitedKingdominthemid-19thcentury,inwhichaballiskickedata
goal
and/orrunoveraline.Manygamesknownas"football"werebeingplayedatcollegesanduniversitiesintheUnitedStatesinthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury.History(2)Americanfootballresultedfromseveralmajordivergencesfrom
rugbyfootball,mostnotablytherulechangesinstitutedby
WalterCamp,consideredthe"FatherofAmericanFootball".Amongtheseimportantchangesweretheintroductionofthe
lineofscrimmageandof
down-and-distance
rules.Inthelate19thandearly20thcenturies,gameplaydevelopmentsbycollegecoachessuchas
EddieCochems,
AmosAlonzoStagg,
KnuteRockne,and
Glenn"Pop"Warner
helpedtakeadvantageofthenewlyintroduced
forwardpass.History(3)Theoriginof
professionalfootball
canbetracedbackto1892,with
William"Pudge"Heffelfinger's
$500contracttoplayinagameforthe
AlleghenyAthleticAssociation
againstthePittsburghAthleticClub.ThefirstProfessional"league"wasthe
OhioLeague,formedin1903,andthefirstProfessionalFootballchampionshipgamewasbetweenthe
BuffaloProspects
andtheCantonBulldogs
in1919.In1920,theAmericanProfessionalFootballAssociationwasformed.Thefirstgamewasplayedin
Dayton,Ohio
onOctober3,1920withthehost
Triangles
defeatingthe
ColumbusPanhandles
14–0.History(4)Theleaguechangeditsnametothe
NationalFootballLeague(NFL)twoyearslater,andeventuallybecamethe
majorleague
ofAmericanfootball.InitiallyasportofMidwesternindustrialtownsintheUnitedStates,professionalfootballeventuallybecameanationalphenomenon.Football'sincreasingpopularityisusuallytracedtothe
1958NFLChampionshipGame,acontestthathasbeendubbedthe"GreatestGameEverPlayed".ArivalleaguetotheNFL,the
AmericanFootballLeague
(AFL),beganplayin1960;thepressureitputontheseniorleagueledtoamerger
betweenthetwoleaguesandthecreationofthe
SuperBowl,whichhasbecomethemostwatchedtelevisioneventintheUnitedStates.How&WhyDidFootballBecomeAmerica’sObsessionWhywerepeoplenotsatisfiedwithrugbyandsoccerwithwhichtheywerebequeathed?Whatweretheylongingfor?HowdidAmericanfootballevolveawayfromsoccerandrugby?Whatdoesthe1872painting“AmericanProgress”depict?Howdoesitrelatetofootball?HowdoesfootballmirrorAmericansociety?VideoWhywereAmericancompetitorsandspectatorsnotsatisfiedwithrugbyandsoccer?Whatdidtheyneed?massmotionsneededastorywitha(mythical)leadertoleadtheteamneededthatfixHowdidAmericanfootballevolveawayfromsoccerandrugby?moreorganized,controlled,scientificQBcreated(1880);hero,protagonist1stdowncreated(1882)3.Whatdoesthe1872painting“AmericanProgress”depict?Howdoesitrelatetofootball?HowdoesfootballmirrorAmericansociety?AmericandestinyasgivenbyGodtomarchacrossthecontinentacquisitionofterritory;capture,hold,defenditTheField“gridiron”2uprightsgoalpostGeneraltermskickoffhuddlesnaplineofscrimmagedowns(i.e.1stand10)tacklefumbleincompleteInterceptionturnoverpenaltyflag“HailMary”PlayerPositionsOffensive: -quarterback(QB),centre -runningback,tightend,widereceivers -fullback,offensivetackles,guardsDefensive: -linebackers,defensivetackles,defensiveends,weak/strongsidesafety,cornerbacksPlayerPositionsSpecialists: -punter,kicker,holder,long/shortsnappersScoringtouchdown=6points-extrapointconversion=1point-two-pointconversion=2pointsfieldgoal=3pointssafety=2pointsIdiomskick-off–tostartquarterbacksomething–todirectaprojectholdtheline–stayandnotmovetouchdown–toachieveorwinsthfirstdown(and10togo)–accomplishedanobjectiveonthewaytoagoal“ImmaculateReception”
Itwasaplaysoimprobableitbecameknownasthe“immaculatereception”.Andlikethemiraclethenameevokes,it’saneventstillshroudedbymystery. Intheclosingminutesofthe1972AFCdivisionalplayoffgamebetweentheOaklandRaidersandthePittsburghSteelers,Oaklandscoredatouchdowntotakea7-6lead,thenpinnedPittsburghdeepintheirownterritoryasthefinalsecondsofthegametickeddown. Facedwitha4thand10fromhisown40,Steeler’squarterbackTerryBradshawfadedbackfromscrimmageintendingtohitBarryPearsonwithashortpassoverthemiddlewhilefullbackFrancoHarrisremainedinthebackfieldtoblock.ButOakland’sswarmingdefensequicklysentthoseplansawry.
ScramblingunderheavypressureBradshawfiredadesperationpassto(John)“Frenchy”Fuquaacrossmidfield.JackFlemingwasthevoiceoftheSteelers:…..
JustasFuquareachedoutforthepass,Oaklandsafety’sJackTatumslammedhimhard,sohardthattheballricochetedoffbothplayersandbackintothearmsofchargingFrancoHarris.… ButdidTatumreallycatchtheball?AnddidHarrisreallytouchtheballbeforeittouchedtheground?TheoutcomeofthegamebecameinlimboforseveralminuteswhilerefereeFredSwearingenandchiefofficialsArtMcNallyconferred.Bothmenultim
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