热考主题强化训练(四) 社会现象

热考主题强化训练(四)社会现象(限时30分钟)A(2023·福州二模)WHENKIMJI-UNlivedinSeoul,sheworriedaboutfindingagoodjob.Now,sheisworriedthatdroughtmayruinhercrop.The23-year-oldstartedafarmlastyear.Herfirstharvestwasasuccess;shewassurprisedthatherblackbeansdidbetterthanherstrawberries.MsKimispartofaphenomenoncalledkwichon,orreturningtorurallife.Coinedamillenniumago,thetermcropsupduringperiodsofeconomichardship.Thistime,manynewfarmershaveneverlivedinthecountrysidebefore.Byplantingyoungfarmersinruralareas,thegovernmenthopestoenjoybigrewardsinfuture.Theplanisworking.In2021nearly380,000peoplemovedtothecountryside.Comfortwithdigitaltechnologygivesyoungfarmersa_leg_up,_saysChoKyung-ik,thedirectoroftheBeginningFarmer'sCentre,aninstitutioneducatingthosewhowishtokwichonatitsdowntownoffices.TheysellfreshproduceonNaver,SouthKorea'slargestsearchengine.Thecentreteachestechniqueslikehowtouseatractor(拖拉机)orselectthebestcrops.Itarrangesatrialperiodduringwhichambitiousfarmersworkundertheguidanceofanoldhand,learningwhatitmeanstodoback-breakinglabourfromdawntodusk.Themostimportantlessonishowtogetonwiththelocals.Thevillagersarealsoofferedtipsonhowtoacttowardsthenewcomers.Thatpartisnotyetatotalsuccess.MsKimsaysherneighbourshaveabadtemper.“Theoldpeoplecomeinhereandgivemeunwantedadvice,orsaythatIwillneverbeabletogrowanything,”shesays.Herblackbeansbegtodiffer.SheandtheSouthKoreangovernmentwillbehopingthathercropsputtheargumenttorestforgood.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了韩国越来越多的年轻人远离城市喧嚣、回归田园生活的现象。1．WhydoesthewritertellMsKim'sstory?A．Tostartadiscussion.B．Tointroduceatopic.C．Toexplainasolution.D．Tomakeacomparison.解析：选B推理判断题。第一段中的“WHENKIMJI-UNlivedinSeoul,sheworriedaboutfindingagoodjob.Now,sheisworriedthatdroughtmayruinhercrop.”提到Kim女士从城市回归农村，下文讲述了韩国出现的“回归农村生活”的现象，故第一段提到Kim女士是为了引入本文话题。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“alegup”inParagraph3mean?A．Anewidentity. B．Ahelpinghand.C．Abigreward. D．Adifferentidea.解析：选B词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“TheysellfreshproduceonNaver,SouthKorea'slargestsearchengine.”可知，年轻农民可以在数字技术的帮助下在线上销售农产品，由此可推知，画线短语所在句意为“对数字技术的适应给年轻农民提供了帮助”，alegup意为“帮助”。3．Whatisthechallengefortheyoungfarmers?A．Farmingtechniques.B．Hardwork.C．Communicativeskills.D．Unwantedadvice.解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Themostimportantlessonishowtogetonwiththelocals.”可知，年轻农民面临的挑战是学习沟通技巧。4．WhatcanweinferfromkwichoninSouthKorea?A．Farmingmakeshugeprofits.B．Localsneedtechnicaltraining.C．Ithelpstoreviveruralareas.D．Governmentshouldhelpfarmers.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Byplantingyoungfarmersinruralareas,thegovernmenthopestoenjoybigrewardsinfuture.”及第三段内容可知，年轻人从城市回归农村有助于振兴农村地区。B(2023·山东省实验中学一模)Whatdefinesus?Ifpressed,Iwouldanswerthatifthereisanypartofmethatsitsatmycore,thensurelyitmustbemymoralcenter,mydeep-seatedsenseofrightandwrong.AndIoftenfeelthatI'maslightlydifferentpersonineachlanguageIspeak—moredeterminedinEnglish,morerelaxedinFrench,andmoreemotionalinCzech.Isitpossiblethat,alongwiththesedifferences,mymoralguidelinesalsopointinsomewhatdifferentdirectionsdependingonthelanguageI'musing?InaresearchledbyAlbertCosta,volunteerswerepresentedwithamoraldilemmaknownasthe“trainproblem”：Imaginethatatrainischargingatfivepeoplestandingonthetrack,unabletomove.Theonlywaytostopthetrainandsparethefivepeopleispushanotherstrangeroffafootbridgeintoitspath.Costaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatposingthedilemmainalanguagethatvolunteershadlearnedasforeigntonguedramaticallyincreasedtheirwillingnesstopushthesacrificialpersonoffthefootbridge,fromfewerthan20%respondentsusingtheirnativelanguagetoabout50%ofthoseusingtheforeignone.InanotherresearchconductedbyJanetGreipel,volunteersreadactsthatmanypeoplefindimmoral,suchasstorieswheresomeonecookedandatehisdogafterithadbeenKeadbycar.Thosewhoreadthestoriesinaforeignlanguageperceivedtheseactionslesswrongthanthosewhoreadthemintheirnativetongue.Thedifferenceinthisjudgmentcomesdowntotwoseparateandcompetingthinkingpatterns—oneofthese,aquickanddirectfeeling,andtheother,carefuldeliberationaboutthegreatestgoodforthelargestnumber.Whenweuseaforeignlanguage,weunconsciouslysinkintothemoredeliberatemodesimplybecausetheeffortofoperatinginourno-nativelanguageactivatesourcognitivesystem.Thisissimilartofindingsthatreadingmathproblemsinahard-to-readtypeface(字体)makespeoplelesslikelytomakecarelessmistakes.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者认为语言与道德有关，并列举了两个实验以及对这种现象进行了总结。5．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Heinveststimeinstudyinglanguage.B．Heperceiveslanguagesdifferslightly.C．Heignorestheroleofmoralconcepts.D．Hethinkslanguagesrelatetomorals.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，作者认为语言与道德有关。6．Howdidtheauthorprovehisviewpoint?A．Bycarefullycitingexamples.B．Bycollectingandlistingdata.C．Byconductingexperiments.D．Byanalyzingpeople'shabits.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“InaresearchledbyAlbertCosta,volunteerswerepresentedwithamoraldilemma...fivepeoplestandingonthetrack,unabletomove.”以及第四段中的“InanotherresearchconductedbyJanetGreipel...ithadbeenKeadbycar.”可知，作者通过仔细地引用例子证明他的观点。[谨防最易错的那一个]错因：本题易误选C。题干信息问作者如何证明他的观点，而部分考生根据“Inaresearchled”“Inanotherresearchconducted”而误选为通过做实验的方法来证明。分析：本题属于写作手法题。解答此类题时，考生要根据文章的体裁，在理解文章主题和内容的基础上，把握文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作手法。本文是说明文，为突出主题，作者采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，如本题，作者通过引用两个例子的手法来阐明主题。7．Whyare“mathproblems”mentioned?A．Tojustifyathinkingpattern.B．Topresentanewfinding.C．Toclarifythecognitivesystem.D．Towarnagainstmakingmistakes.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whenweuseaforeignlanguage,weunconsciouslysinkintothemoredeliberatemodesimply...lesslikelytomakecarelessmistakes.”可推知，提到“数学问题”是为一种思维模式进行解释。8．What'sasuitabletitleforthepassage?A．Morality:TheCoreofPeopleB．Languages:InsightsintoJudgmentsC．Languages:AShapingPowertoMoralityD．Morality:ANewWaytoLearnLanguages解析：选C标题归纳题。根据第二段并结合文章主要说明了作者认为语言与道德有关，并列举了两个实验以及对这种现象进行了总结。故C选项“语言：一种塑造道德的力量”最符合文章标题。C(2023·烟台一模)Parentingstyleshavechangedovertheyearsinresponsetotherapidchangesintheworld.Whetheritistappingtechnologyorapplyingthebestparentingpracticestomeetaparentingneed,parentsnowadaysgenerallyinvestmoretimeinfindingouthowbesttoraisetheirchildren.ModernparentsoftenlooktotheInternetandsocialmediaforparentingadvice.Theavailabilityofresourceshashelpedmodernparentsengagemoreintheirchildren'sdevelopment,bothacademicallyandemotionally.Modernparentsarealsomoreeagertofindouteffectiveparentingmethodstohelpthemraisedisciplinedandconfidentchildren.Amodernparentingstylethathasemergedishelicopterparenting,whereparentsaremuchtoofocusedontheirchildren.Theyhelpchildrenwithtasksthey'recapableofdoingontheirown,likeselectingactivitiesandfriendsforthem,orcallingtheirteachersabouthomeworkmatters.Suchaparentingstylecanholdbackthedevelopmentofthechildren'sabilitytohandleresponsibilitiesindependently.Childrenmightbeill-equippedwithlifeskillssuchasdoinglaundry(洗衣)，clearingtheirplatesorcopingwiththeirschoolwork.Alwaysprotectingchildrenfromfailuresmayalsopreventthemdevelopingadaptabilityandacquiringskillslikeproblem-solving.Ontheotherhand,parentsinthepasttendedtomonitorless.Childrenweregivenmorecontroloverhowtomanagetheirschoolworkandchoosetheirfriends.Domestichelperswerealsonotthenormthen,hencechildrenofthepastwereoftenexpectedtoshouldertheresponsibilitiesofcaringforyoungerbrothersandsistersandmanaginghousework.Livinginthepre-internetage,parentswerelessinformedaboutdifferentparentingmethods,andtheirparentingstyleswereguidedmorebytheirpersonalities,commonsenseandfriendlyadvicefromtheextendedfamilyandneighbors,ratherthanbysocialmediainfluencesorparentingwebsites.Thereisnoonerightwaytoraiseachild.Eachchildisuniqueandshouldberaiseddifferentlybyparentswhoarepresentbutnotwandering,whoaresupportivebutnotcontrolling,andwhoprotectbutnotcaretoomuch.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近些年来“育儿模式”的变化历程。9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tapping”meaninParagraph1?A．Employing. B．Tracking.C．Monitoring. D．Identifying.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容“applyingthebestparentingpractices”可知，画线词与后文的applying构成并列结构，表示“利用”。10．Whatisadistinctivecharacteristicofhelicopterparenting?A．Flexible. B．Efficient.C．Conventional. D．Overinvolved.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Amodernparentingstylethathasemergedishelicopterparenting,whereparentsaremuchtoofocusedontheirchildren.”可知，在“直升机式育儿”方式中，父母参与的太多。11．Whatdoweknowaboutparentsinthepast?A．Theyeducatedkidsinarigidway.B．Theyoverestimatedtheirkids'independence.C．Theyaffordedkidsmorespaceforself-growth.D．Theytendedtostayawayfromsocialactivities.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Ontheotherhand,parentsinthepast...andchoosetheirfriends.”可知，过去的父母对孩子监督较少，给予孩子更多的空间。12．Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A．Howtoraiseall-roundchildren.B．Howtoenhanceparent-childbonds.C．Howparentingmodeshaveshiftedovertheyears.D．Howinformationtechnologyboostspeople'slifestyles.解析：选C主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Parentingstyleshavechangedovertheyearsinresponsetotherapidchangesintheworld.”并结合全文可知，文章讲述的是近些年来的育儿模式发生的变化。C选项概括了文章主题。D(2023·浙江三市二模)Thetopic“slashyouth”，referringtothoserefusingtobedefinedorboundbyjustonepersonalidentityandchoosingtoundertakemultiplecareers,hasfueledheateddebateonsocialmedia.OnDouban,aChinesesocialnetworkingplatform,thetopichasattractedabout11,000postsandhasbeenviewedover400milliontimes.China'syoungpeoplearekeentosharetheir“slashyouth”storiesonline,presentingthemselvesasmultipleandsometimesdistinctidentities,suchasanurseandmodel,ateacherandstand-upcomedian,andanengineerandmusician.XingEryang,a31-year-oldfemaleresidentinBeijing,foundedtheDoubantopicin2021.Whilestayingdiligentaboutherdaytimework,sheisdevelopingherhobbies,includingstand-upcomedyandvlogging,intosecondarycareersduringhersparetime.Andsheisamazedtofindher“slashlife”philosophyfollowedbysomanyofherpeers.WeiHeng,a26-year-oldwomaninGuangzhou,andTangYuhan,a27-year-oldmaninXuanchengcity,AnhuiProvince,arebothparticipantsinthetopic,withtheirstoriesearningthousandsoflikessofar.Thetwoarebothmusiciansintheirsparetime,eventhoughtheyarethousandsofmilesapartandhavedifferentjobsinmediaandfinance.Theirpassionformusichasgrownsincecollegeandtheydidn'tabandontheirenthusiasm,evenafterenteringtheworkplace.Theirreactionshowedthegapbetweentheyoungandformergenerations.“Myparentsusedtosay，‘Musiccannotearnyoumoney，’sothebandthingwasregardedasawasteoftime.However,wewanttopursuewhateverweloveandarewillingtopayforit.”saysWeiHeng.“The‘slashlife'mania(狂热)showsthat,alongwithChina'seconomicdevelopment,oursocietyisbecomingmoreandmorediversifiedandinclusive,anditwelcomeseveryone'sself-fulfillment，”saysShiYanrong,anassociateresearcherfromTianjinAcademyofSocialSciences.“Youngpeoplenolongerhavetorelyonworkandmoneyfortheirsenseofself-worth.Theytendtopracticeacarpediem(活在当下)philosophyandcreatetheirownidentities.”语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。“斜杠青年”指的是那些拒绝被个人身份定义或约束，选择从事多种职业的人。文章主要介绍了中国的年轻人所追求的“斜杠生活”。13．Whatare“slashyouth”morelikelytodo?A．CreateatopiconDouban.B．Takediverseoccupations.C．Becomeastand-upcomedian.D．Sharetheirownstoriesonline.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“China'syoungpeoplearekeento...presentingthemselvesasmultiple