2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新高考II卷英语

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新高考II（无听力）

本试卷共10页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature

GradingScale

90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.

Essays(60%)

Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartof

thegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2-15%;Essay3=

15%;Essay4=20%.

GroupAssignments(30%)

Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作

业)duringthecourse.Alltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbythe

assigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcourse

managementsystem.

DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTest/GroupWork/Homework

(10%)

nClassactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbe

readytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectly

fromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'

lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotes

duringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroup

worktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobe

completedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.

LateWork

Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosea

lettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedin

bythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Daily

assignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Short

writingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbe

accepted.

21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atextbook.B.Anexampaper.

C.Acourseplan.D.Anacademicarticle.

22.Howmanypartsisastudenfsfinalgrademadeupof?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekafterthe

duedate?

A.Youwillreceiveazero.B.Youwilllosealettergrade.

C.Youwillbegivenatest.D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.

B

Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.

Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingouta

roastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwith

adinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,

thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;

IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,

"foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,"asElizabethRoyte

writesinthismonth,scoverstory.Ifsjaw-droppinghowmuch

perfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway-from“ugly"(butquite

eatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsof

uneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,and

otherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwastean

environmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwaste

wereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerof

greenhousegasesintheworld."

Ifthat'shardtounderstand,let1skeepitassimpleasthe

arugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmy

arugulastoryallthetime-butforhim,it'smorelike12boxes

ofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOof

DCCentralKitcheninWashington.D.C.,whichrecoversfood

andturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan

807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollecting

blemished（有瑕疵的）producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.

Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemfor

useinmealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yersooftenwejustdon,tthink.

"Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynot

purchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshopping

orbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon（

teat."Curtinsays.

24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugula

story?

A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefood

unintentionallyattimes.

C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D.Wehavegood

reasonsforwastingfood.

25.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetext?

A.Moraldecline.B.Environmentalharm.

C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.

26.WhatdoesCurtinfscompanydo?

A.Itproduceskitchenequipment.B.Itturnsrottenarugulainto

cleanfuel.

C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.D.Itmakesmealsoutof

unwantedfood.

27.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?

A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodconsumption.

C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.

C

Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggiven

henstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）to

reducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing.Itisalsobeing

usedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staff

incarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehens

areinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuth

Xavier.Shesaid:"IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerand

hadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwentto

school.

“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorning

lettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegoneto

bed.

"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheir

childrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.

I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedone

somethinguseful.

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20care

homesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengiven

financialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneof

thefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residentsreally

welcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.We

arelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcan

bringtopeoplehere."

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Weare

happytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnect

ourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities."

28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovidepart-time

jobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D.Topromotethe

elderlypeople,swelfare.

29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B.Shehasgainedasenseof

achievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopeda

strongpersonality.

30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon"meanin

paragraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwo

paragraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

D

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,from

thecommon"m"and"a"totherareclicksofsomesouthern

Africanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommon

thanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthat

diet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsounds

thatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthat

speechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"and"\/",were

morecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofter

foods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiatthe

UniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythis

trendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancient

humanadultswerealigned（对齐）,makingithardtoproduce

labiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptothe

upperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure

（结构），makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwith

thedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Food

becameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thave

todoasmuchworkandsodidn/tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewas

aglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthe

Neolithicage,withtheuseof"F'and"v"increasingremarkably

duringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnot

foundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeech

soundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround

300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnot

necessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhuman

beings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwe

findtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslike

biologicalchangeandculturalevolution,"saidStevenMoran,a

memberoftheresearchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamia

nBlasi*sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.

C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproduce

labiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhuman

speechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuch

toculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolution

ofhumanbeings.

第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分。满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonsto

ThankYourWorkoutPartner."Onereasonwas:"You'II

actuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthe

gym,"whileanotherread:"36"Withaworkoutpartner,you

willincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle（微妙）competition.

So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?

Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.37Or

doyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrength

andflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodo

withyourworkoutpartner.

Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforon

socialmedia,butitprobablywon'tresultinauseful

response.38Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,that

personmustbelongtothesamegym.

Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocal

park.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedto

do,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedto

spendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavorite

sportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.39

Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferent

skills.40Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit-yourpartner

willbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemore

physicallyfit.Thecore（核心）ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwill

alwaysbetheretohelpeachother.

A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.

B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.

C.You'llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.

D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?

E.Howcanyouwriteagood"seekingtrainingpartner"notice?

F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheach

other.

G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuch

information.

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入

空白处的最佳选项。

Myhusband,ourchildrenandIhavehadwonderfulcamping

experiencesoverthepasttenyears.

Someofour41arefunny,especiallyfromtheearlyyears

whenourchildrenwerelittle.Once,we42alongChalk

Creek.Iwas43thatour15-month-oldboywouldfallinto

thecreek（小溪）.Itiedaropearoundhiswaisttokeephimneartoour

spot.Thatlastedabouttenminutes.Hewas44,andhiscryinglet

thewholecampgroundknowit.So45tyinghimup,Ijust

keptacloseeyeonhim.It46—hedidnztendupinthe

creek.Mythree-year-old,however,did.

Anothertime,werentedaboatinVallecitoLake.Theskywas

clearwhenwe47,butstormsmoveinfastinthemountains,

andthisonequickly48ourpeacefulmorningtrip.

The49^pickedupandthunderrolled.Myhusbandstopped

fishingto50themotor.Nothing.Hetriedagain.No51

Wewerestuckinthemiddleofthelakewithadeadmotor.As

weallsatthere52,afishermanpulledup,threwusarope

andtowed（拖）usback.Wewere53.

Now,everyyearwhenmyhusbandpullsourcamperoutofthe

garage,wearefilledwithasenseof54wonderingwhat

campingfunand55wewillexperiencenext.

41.A.ideasB.jokesC.memoriesD.discoveries

42.A.campedB.droveC.walkedD.cycled

43.A.annoyedB.surprisedC.disappointedD.worried

44.A.unhurtB.unfortunateC.uncomfortableD.unafraid

45.A.duetoB.insteadofC.apartfromD.asfor

46.A.workedB.happenedC.matteredD.changed

47.A.signedupB.calmeddownC.checkedoutD.headedoff

48.A.arrangedB.interruptedC.completedD.recorded

49.A.windB.noiseC.temperatureD.speed

50.A.findB.hideC.startD.fix

51.A.luckB.answerC.wonderD.signal

52.A.patientlyB.tirelesslyC.doubtfullyD.helplessly

53.A.sorryB.braveC.safeD.right

54.A.reliefB.dutyC.prideD.excitement

55.A.failureB.adventureC.performanceD.conflict

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形

式。

TheChinesegovernmentrecentlyfinalizedaplantosetupa

GiantPandaNationalPark(GPNP).56(cover)anarea

aboutthreetimes57sizeofYellowstoneNationalPart,

theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparkinthecountry.

Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareas

that58(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyofthe

existingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderone

authority59(increase)effectivenessandreduce

inconsistenciesinmanagement.

Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallyset

upnextyear.TheGPNP_60(design)toreflecttheguiding

principleof"protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)

ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protecting

ecologicalbufferzones,61leavingbehindpreciousnatural

assets(资产)forfuturegenerations".TheGPNP'smaingoalisto

improveconnectivitybetweenseparate62(population)and

homesofgiantpandas,and63(eventual)achieveadesired

levelofpopulationinthewild.

Giantpandasalsoserve64anumbrellaspecies(物种),

bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternand

northwesternpartsofChina.TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestronger

protectionforallthespecies65livewithintheGiantPanda

Rangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosystemin

thearea.

第四部分写作（共两节、满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

假定你是校广播站英语节目"TalkandTalk”的负责人李华，请给外教

Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括：

1.节目介绍；

2.访谈的时间和话题。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearCaroline,

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

第二节（满分25分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一

篇完整的短文。

Itwasthedayofthebigcross-countryrun.Studentsfrom

sevendifferentprimaryschoolsinandaroundthesmalltown

werewarmingupandwalkingtheroute（路线）throughthick

evergreenforest.

IlookedaroundandfinallyspottedDavid,whowasstandingby

himselfofftothesidebyafence.Hewassmallfortenyearsold.

Hisusualbigtoothysmilewasabsenttoday.Iwalkedoverand

askedhimwhyhewasn'twiththeotherchildren.Hehesitated

andthensaidhehaddecidednottorun.

Whatwaswrong?Hehadworkedsohardforthisevent!

Iquicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschool'scoachandasked

himwhathadhappened."Iwasafraidthatkidsfromother

schoolswouldlaughathim,"heexplaineduncomfortably."I

gavehimthechoicetorunornot,andlethimdecide."

Ibitbackmyfrustration（懊恼）.Iknewthecoachmeantwell-he

thoughthewasdoingtherightthing.AftermakingsurethatDavidcould

runifhewanted,Iturnedtofindhimcomingtowardsme,hissmallbody

rockingfromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward.

Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingor

runninglikeotherchildren,butatschoolhisclassmates

thoughtofhimasaregularkid.Healwaysparticipatedtothe

bestofhisabilityinwhatevertheyweredoing.Thatwaswhy

noneofthechildrenthoughtitunusualthatDavidhaddecided

tojointhecross-countryteam.Itjusttookhimlonger-that'sall.

Davidhadnotmissedasinglepractice,andalthoughhealways

finishedhisrunlongaftertheotherchildren,hedidalways

finish.AsaspecialeducationteacherattheDavidfacedand

wasschool,Iwasfamiliarwiththechallengesthechallenges

proudofhisstrongdetermination.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Wesatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidw

ouldn'tlookatme.

IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestarting

linewiththeotherrunners.

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试参考答案

第二部分阅读

21.C22.B23.A24.B25.B26.D27.A28.D29.B30.C31.A32.D

33.C34.A35.C36.C37.D38.B39.G40.F

第三部分语言运用

41.C42.A43.D44.C45.B46.A47.D48.B49.A50.C51.A52.D

53.C54.D55.B

56.Covering57.the58.were59.toincrease60.isdesigned

63.eventually64.as61.and62.populations65.that

第四部分写作

略

易溶r•水的荒胺盐酸盐，分液得到水相।和有机相1:向水相中加入班铳化钠溶液将茶胺盐酸盐转化为茶

胺.分液奔到苯胺粗品（T）：向有机相中加入水洗涤除去混布•的盐酸.分液得到废液和有机相II,向有机相

H中加入碳酸钠溶液将微溶上水的茶甲酸转化为易溶于水的紫甲酸钠，分液得到甲采粗品②和水相lit向

水相II中加入盐酸，将茶甲酸钠转化为苯甲酸,经结晶或承结晶、过灌、洗涤得到苯甲酸粗品③。

【详解】A.苯胺分子中含有的氨基能与盐酸反应，但不能与乳氧化钠溶液反应，故A错误：

B.由分析可知，得到苯胺粗品①的分底方法为分液,得到苯甲酸粗品③的分熟方法为结晶或用结晶、过

滤、洗涤,获取两者的操作方法不同.故B错误：

C.由分析可知,茉胺粗品、甲苯粗品、苯甲酸粗品依次由①、②、③获得，故C正确；

D.由分析可知，①、②为液相，③为固相，都不是两相混合体系,故D错误：

故选C。

10.在NO催化下，丙烷。氧气反应制备丙烯的部分反应机理如图所示。下列说法错误的是

A.含N分子参与的反应一定有电子转移

B.由NO生成HONO的反应历程有2种

C.增大NO的量，gH'的平衡转化率不变

D.当主要发生包含②的历程时，最终生成的水减少

【答案】D

【解析】

［详解1A.根据反应机理的图示知,含N分子发生的反应有NO+OOH=NOi+OH、NO+NO：+H：0=2HONO、

NCh+C3H产C出+HONO、HONONO+OH.含N分子NO、NO：,HONO中N元素的化介价依次为+2价、

+4价、+3价,上述反应中均有元素化合价的升降，都为乳化还原反应，定有电广转移.A项正确；

B.根据图示，由NO生成HONO的反应历程有2种，B项正确：

C.NO是催化剂,增大NO的量,GHi的平衡转化率不变,C项正确；

D.无论反应历程如何,在NO催化卜丙烷与O：反应制备丙烯的总反应都为2GH8+Od；叼-2C出+2H：O.

当上：要发生包含②的历程时，最终生成的水不变，D项错误:

答案选D：

二、选择题：本题共5小题，每小题4分，共2。分。年小题有一个或两个选项符合题目要求,

全部选对得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分。

11.某同学按图示装过进行实险,欲使瓶中少量固体粉末最终消失并得到澄清溶液。卜冽物顺组合不符合

要求的是

气体

A.AB.BC.CD.D

【捽案】A

【解析】

【详解】A.通入CO」l体依次发生反应CO2+Na；COj+Hq=2NaHCO3、CaCO3+Hq+CO2=Ca(HCOM由

于在相同温度卜NaHCOj的溶解度小于NaKOj,最终版中仍有白色晶体析出.不会得到澄清溶液,A项

选：

B.通入C&发生反应Cb+2FeCL=2FeCb、2FeCh+Fe=3FeCL,最终Fe消失得到澄清溶液,B项不选；

C.通入HCLNO；在酸性条件卜会表现强制化性,发生离尸反应：3Cu+8H'+2NO；=3Cu-*+2NOf+4H：O.

最终Cu消失得到澄清溶液,C项不选8

D.AgCI在水中存在溶解平衡AgCI($)=Ag-(aq>KT(aq),通入NW后，Ag-与NHj结合成［Ag(NH3)4J便

溶解平衡正向移动，靛终AgCI消失得到澄沂溶液，D项不选：

答案选A，

12.高压氧还原法可直接从溶液中提取金属粉。以硫化铜精矿(含Zn、Fe元素的杂质)为上嬖原料制备Cu

粉的匚名流程如卜,可能用到的数据见卜表。

下列说法错误的是

A.固体X主：要成分是Fe(OH)3和S：金限M为Zn

B.没取时，增大。2压强可促进金属离子浸出

C.中和调pH的范困为3.27.2

D.还原时，增大溶液酸度有利于Cu的生成

【答案】D

【解析】

【分析】CuS精矿(含有杂质Zn、Fe元素)在高压O?作用卜\用硫酸溶液浸取,CuS反应产生为CuSO,、S、

HOF6被狗化为Fd.然后加入NH3调节溶液pH,使Fe3♦形成F«OH)3沉淀,而Cu"、Zn"仍以离子

形式存在」溶液中，过滤得到的灌渣中含有S、Fe(OH)3；滤液中含有Cu<Zn>；然后向滤液中通入高压

氏.根据元素活动性：Zn>H>Cu,C1-被还原为Cu单质，通过过滤分肉出来；而Zn>仍然以离手形式

存在丁溶液中.再经系列处理可得到Zn单质。

【详解】A.经过上述分析可知固体X主要成分是S、Fe(OH)3.金属M为Zn.A正确：

B.CuS难溶于硫酸，在溶液中存在沉淀溶解平衡CuS(s)Cu-Xaq)^S-(aq).增大O；的浓度，可以反应

消耗S%使之转化为S,从而使沉淀溶解平衡正向移动,从而可促进金属离子的浸取，B正确：

C.根据流程图可知：用NH；调节溶液pH时，嘤使F/,转化为沉淀，而Cu〉、Zn，仍以离子形式存在于

溶液中，结合离子沉淀的pH范用，可知中和时应该调节溶液pH范阳为3.2〜4.2,C正确：

D.在用H：还原Cu»变为Cu服质时.氐失去电子被辄化为HJ与溶液中0H•结合形成HQ,若还原时

增大溶液的酸度,c(H・)增大，不利于HN失去电户还原Cu单质,因此不利于Cu的生成，D错误：

故合理选项是D.

13.设计如图装置回收金属钻。保持细菌所在环境pH稳定，借助其降解乙酸盐生成CO-将废IH锂离子

电池的正极材料LiCoO；(s)转化为cd，工作时保持厌辄环境，并定时将乙室溶液转移至甲室.已知电

溶液溶液.溶液

A.装置工作时，甲室溶液pH逐渐增大

B.装置工作一段时间后，乙室应补充盐酸

C.乙室电极反应式为LiCoO,+2H,O+e=Lr+C。＞+4OH

D.若甲室Co＞减少200mg,乙室Co?•增加300mg,则此时己进行过溶液转移

【:父】BD

【解析】

【分析】由于乙室中两个电极的电势差比甲室大，所以乙室是原电池.甲室是电解池，然后根据原电池、

电解池反应原理分析解答。

【详解】A.电池工作时,甲室中细菌上乙酸盐的阴离「失去电广被氧化为CO?气体，C寸在另个电极

上得到电广，被还原产生C。单版,CMCOO•失去电广后,Na♦通过阳膜进入阴极室,溶液变为NaCl溶液.

溶液由碱性变为中性,溶液pH减小，A错误,

B.对于乙室，正极上LiCoO?得到电子，被还原为Co2+.同时得到LiJ其中的O与溶液中的H•结合H：O.

因此电池工作•段时间后应该补充盐酸，B正确：

C.电解质溶液为酸性，不可能大堂存在OH、乙室电极反应式为：LiCcQ+e+dH-Lr+CQ+ZHiO,C错

误，

02e

D.若甲室0=+减少200mu,电子转移物质的最为n(e*)=^7,x2=0.0068mol,乙室Co〉增加300me.

59g/mol

转移电f的物侦的审为Me•尸工”[><1=0.005Imol.说明此时己进行过溶液转移.D正确:

59g/mol

故合理选项是BD.

14.I：业I:以SrSO,⑸为原料牛产SrCO,(s),对其1：艺条件进行研九现有含SrCO,(s)的o.imoLL，

LOmoLL'Na'O,溶液，含SrSO,(s)的O.lmoLL"、l.OmolL'Na,SO,®®.在一定pH范围内,四

种溶液中lg[c(S--)/mo『-L.[助pH的变化关系如图所示.卜列说法错误的是

7

.

J・

O

L

U

(、

X

S

D)

W

I

PH

,,K(SrSO.)

A.反庖SrSO,(s)+CO”』3SrCO,(sHSO；的*衢常数K“w

K.p(SlCO5)

B.a=-6.5

C.曲线④代表含SrCOKs)的LOmoL［「Na'Os溶液的变化曲线

D.对含SrSC\(s)HNa,SO4和Na,COj初始浓度均为LOmolL"的混合溶液，pH>7.7时才发生沉淀

转化

【答案】D

【解析】

【分析】硫酸是强酸，溶液pH变化,溶液中硫酸根离丁浓度几乎不变，则含硫酸锢固体的酸酸钠溶液中

锢离子的浓度几乎不变，pH相同时，溶液中硫酸根离子越大，锂离子浓度越小，所以曲线①代龙含硫酸

镀固体的O.lmoVL敏酸钠溶液的变化曲线，曲线②代表含酸酸镌固体的Imol'L破酸钠溶液的变化曲线：

碳酸是弱酸，溶液pH减小，溶液中碳酸根离子离子浓度越小，锂离子浓度越大,pH相同时,Imol/L碳酸

钠溶液中碳酸根底「浓度大J-O.ImolL碳酸钠溶液,则曲线③表不含碳酸锢固体的(Mmol，碳酸钠溶液的

变化曲线，曲线④表示含碳酸盥固体的Imol/L碳酸钠溶液的变化曲线,

【详就】A.反应SrSO,(s)+CO；Sr€Om)+SO：-的平衡常数

c(SO；)c(SO：)c(Sr")K£S»SO,)

K-c(COt)-cCCOjXSr2*)-K£StCOJ故A正确:

B.由分析可知，曲线①代代含酸酸锚固体的O.lmolL硫酸钠溶液的变化曲线,则瓶酸锂的溶度积

K"SrSO0=10-ssx0.1=lL，,温度不变,溶度积不变，则溶液pH为7.7时•甥离子的浓度为I10"=]—,,

lmol/L

则a为6.5：

C.由分析可知，曲线工衣小含碳酸锂固体的ImoJL碳酸钠溶液的变化曲线，故C正确；

D.由分析可知,瓶酸是强酸,溶液pH变化,溶液中硫酸根离了浓度几乎不变，则含硫酸锂固体的硫酸

钠溶液中锂肉子的浓度几乎不变,所以硫酸锯的生成与溶液pH无关，故D借误；

故选D.

15.Cu.Se是一种钠离子电池正极材料.充放电过程中正极材料立方晶胞(示意图)的组成变化如图所示,

晶胞内未标出因放电产生的0价Cu原子.卜列说法正确的是

Cu2TseNa^Ciij^SeNaCuScNa,Sc

OSe2-ONa\Cu-、CWM能占据的位置•Na-

A.每个C%,Se品胞中c『♦个数为x

B.每个Na：Se晶胞完全转化为Cu“Se晶胞，转移电尸数为8

C.每个NaCuSe品胞中0价CuC广个数为l・x

D.当NayC\*Se转化为NaCuSe时,每转移(l・y)mol电R产生(l・x)molCu原子

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】A.由晶胞结构可知,位f,顶点和面心的硒离广个数为8xg+6x：=4,位「体内的铜岗广和亚铜

82

国广的个数之和为8,设晶胞中的铜离子和亚铜离干的个数分别为a和b,则a+b=8<x,由化合价代数和

为0可得2a+b=4x2,解得a=4x,故A错误；

B.山题意可知，Na,Sc转化为CuxSc的电极反应式为Na)SoeT(2-x)Cur?uxSe+NaJ由晶胞结构可知，

位于顶点和面心的硒离子个数为8，L+6X；=4,则每个晶胞中含行4个Nafe,转移电子数为%故B错

82

误：

C.由题意可知,CjxSc转化为NaCuSc的电极反应式为CuASe+e-+NT=NaCuSe+(l-x)Cu,由晶胞结构可

知，位于顶点和面心的硒离广个数为8x1十6x：-4.则每个品胞中含有4个NaCuSc,品胞中0价铜而个

82

数为(4Tx),故C错误；

D.由题意可知，NayCuj,xSc转化为NaCuSe的电极反应式为NayCuxSe+(l-y)(r+Na-NaCuSe+(l-x)Cu,

所以每转移(l・y)电子,产生(l-x)mol铜.故D正确:

故选D.

三、非选择题：木题共5小题，共60分。

16.研究笼形包合物结构和性侦具有质要意义。化学式为Ni(CN)x・Zn(NH3)yNC6H6的笼形包介物四方

晶胞结构如图所示(H原子未画出),每个茶环只行N属F该晶胞。品胞参数为a=bwc.a=p=y=90。。

回答卜列问题:

(2)品胞中N原子均参与形成f位键，N产与Zn?♦的配位数之比为：x：y：z=______.：品胞中

《id轨道参与杂化的金属离手是,

(3)毗:喻J［尚代率也可形成类似的笼形包合物.已知毗喔中含有与不类似的W人苑读、则哦咤

中N原子的价层孤电子对占据(埴标号).