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考研《英语一》西安市临潼区2023年全真模拟试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Hundredsofpeoplehaveformedimpressionsofyouthroughthatlittledevice(装置)onyourdesk.Andthey’veneveractually1you.Everythingtheyknowaboutyou2throughthisdevice,sometimesfromhundredsofmilesaway.3theyfeeltheycanknowyou4fromthesoundofyourvoice.That’showpowerfulthe5is.Powerful,yes,butnotalways6.ForyearsIdealtwithmytravelagentonlybyphone.Rani,myfacelessagentwhomI’dnevermet7,gotmerock-bottompricesonairfares,cars,andhotels.Buthercoldvoicereally8me.Isometimeswishedto9anotheragent.Onemorning,Ihadto10animmediateflighthomeforafamilyemergency.IranintoRani’soffice11.Thewomansittingatthedesk,12mymadness,sympatheticallyjumpedup.Shegavemea13smile,noddedwhilelisteningpatiently,andthenprintedoutthe14immediately."Whatawonderfullady!"Ithought.Rushingout15Icalledoutovermyshoulder,"Bytheway,what’syourname?""I’mRani,"shesaid.Iturnedaroundandsawa16womanwithabigsmileonherfacewavingtowishmeasafetrip.Iwas17!WhyhadIthoughtshewascold?Raniwas,well,so18.Sittingbackinthecaronthewaytotheairport,Ifigureditallout.Rani’s19—herwarmsmile,hernods,her‘I’mhereforyou’20—wereallsilentsignalsthatdidn’ttravelthroughwires.1、A.accepted B.noticed C.heard D.met2、A.came B.moved C.ran D.developed3、A.Thus B.Yet C.Then D.Indeed4、A.rather B.also C.just D.already5、A.telephone B.voice C.connection D.impression6、A.direct B.useful C.easy D.accurate7、A.inperson B.bymyself C.inpublic D.onpurpose8、A.annoyed B.interested C.discouraged D.confused9、A.promote B.train C.find D.know10、A.arrange B.postpone C.confirm D.book11、A.forthefirsttime B.atanytime C.fromtimetotime D.ingoodtime12、A.expecting B.seeing C.testing D.avoiding13、A.shy B.comforting C.familiar D.forced14、A.bill B.form C.ticket D.list15、A.hopefully B.disappointedly C.gratefully D.regretfully16、A.careful B.serious C.nervous D.pleasant17、A.amused B.worried C.helpless D.speechless18、A.calm B.nice C.proud D.clever19、A.forgiveness B.eagerness C.friendliness D.skillfulness20、A.explanation B.attitude C.concept D.behaviorSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1ChildrenandYouthSidewalkSaleYoungpeopleareburstingwithartisticenergy.TheChildrenandYouthSidewalkSale(CYSS)oftheCentralPennsylvaniaFestivaloftheArtsisafunwayforboysandgirlstoexpressthemselvesvisually.Itfocusesonencouragingthecreativegrowthofyoungpeople,believingtheycandeveloptheirartisticpotentialthroughpersonalexpressioninindividualoriginalobjects.CYSSisahighlightofChildrenandYouthDay,Wednesday,July12,2018.Thisdayfeaturesperformancesforandbyyoungpeople,artandcraftworkshopsanddemonstrations.Allartistsmusthebetweentheagesof8and18andliveorhaverelativeslivinginanyofthecentrallylocatedPennsylvaniacountiestoparticipate.Allartworksmustbeoriginalandage-appropriatefortheevent’saudience,mostofwhomareunder18.Thesalesofworkmadefromsmallanimalsandthesalesoffoodareprohibited.Acompletelistingoftherulescanbefoundintheapplication.Pleasereviewtherulescarefullyastheymayhavechangedsinceyoulastparticipatedintheevent.Artistsmustpersonallybepresentduringtheentireclay.Representatives,includingfamilymembers,maynotattendinplaceoftheartist.HowtoEnter1.Completebothsidesoftheentryform.Aparentsignatureisrequired.2.Onaseparatesheet,provideabriefdescriptionoftheartworkandthematerialsused.Donotsendsamples;theycannotbereturned.3.Encloseatleastonephotographofyourwork.4.MailapplicationandphotoofyourworktoP.O.Box1023,CentralPennsylvaniaFestivaloftheArts.1、What’stheaimofCYSS?A.Toteachyoungpeopletodeveloptheirinterestinarts.B.Tohelpyoungpeoplegetsomeextramoneyfortheirwork.C.Togetyoungpeopletodeveloptheirartisticpotential.D.Toimprovetheperformingskillsofyoungpeople.2、What’sthefeatureofChildrenandYouthDay?A.Alltheartworksareoriginalandproperforyoungpeople.B.Mostoftheartworksarefocusedonanimalprotection.C.TheparticipantsmustberesidentsofcentralPennsylvania.D.Thesalesofartworksaboutanimalsarenotallowed.3、Whichofthefollowingisrequiredforapplication?A.Asampleoftheapplicant’sartwork.B.Areturnenvelopewithstampsonit.C.Detaileddescriptionoftheartwork.D.Thesignatureoftheapplicant’sparent.Text2AmphoraareclayjarsoriginallyinventedinEgypt.TheyweresousefulforstoringandtransportingwineatthetimethattheywereeventuallyadoptedbyalloftheculturesaroundtheMediterranean.It’suncertainwhentheyfirstarrivedinRome,butGreekcolonistsinsouthernItalymayhavebeenthefirsttointroducethem.Previously,winehadbeenstoredinleathersacks,butamphoraofferedseveraladvantagestotheRomans.Theywereairtight,strong,relativelylightweight,andhadtwolargehandlesthatmadethemeasytocarry,animportantfeatureatatimewhenalmosteverythinghadtobetransportedbyhand..Likemodernwinebottles,aphorahadlong,narrownecksthatlimitedtheamountofwineexposedtotheopenair.Similartomodernwinebottles,mostamphorasbecamegraduallythinnerattheend.Itmadethemeasytoburyintheground,whichkeptthemcoolduringthewarmmonths.Sealingupthetopofanamphorawasamajordifficultyandavarietyofmethodswereused.TheEgyptiansstoppedtheirswithleavesandreedscoveredwithclay.TheGreeksandRomansusedragsandcorksometimes.Noneofthesetechniquesprovidedanairtightseal,soAleppoPineresin(松脂)wasusedtosealthegapsaroundthetop.Itbecamesopopularthatresinwassometimesaddedtothewineinordertoimproveitsflavor.TheRomanwriterPlinytheElder,writinginthefirstcentury,recommendedaddingresintowineandbelievedresinmadefromtreesinthemountainscreatedabetteraromathanresinmadefromtreesinthelowlands.Thougheachamphorawasconstructedbyhand,theyweresurprisinglyuniform.Romanamphorasheldonecubicfootofliquid,exactlysevengallons,andeventuallybecameastandardunitofmeasurementthroughouttheRomanEmpire.UnlikeGreekamphora,Romanamphoraswerenotdecorated.Beforeitdried,eachamphorawasgivenastampwiththenameoftheworkshopwhereitwasmanufacturedortheworkshop’sowner.Oncetheamphorawasfilled,itsweightandcontentswerepaintedontheside.1、Whatdoesanamphoralooklike?A.B.C.D.2、WhydidAleppoPineresinbecomepopularinRome?A.Itimprovedtheflavorofwine.B.Itprovedthebestcoverforamphoras.C.Itmadeamphoraslastalongertime.D.Itwasusedfordecorationbywomen.3、WhatcanweinferaboutRomanamphorasfromthelastparagraph?A.Theyhadbeautifuldesigns.B.Theyhadroughappearances.C.Theywereofthesamesize.D.TheywereasymbolofstatusfortheRomans.4、Whatdoestheword“aroma”inparagraph3mean?A.Market.B.Smell.C.Sound.D.Picture.Text3Intelligentpeoplearemorelikelytotrustothers,whilethosewhoscoreloweronmeasuresofintelligencearelesslikelytodoso.OxfordUniversityresearchersbasedtheirfindingonananalysisofthe'GeneralSocialSurvey'.Theauthorssayoneexplanationcouldbethatmoreintelligentindividualsarebetteratjudgingcharactersandmayspendmoretimebuildingrelationshipswithpeopletheycantrust.Anotherreasoncouldbethatsmarterpeoplearebetteratweighingupsituationsandassessingwhetherornottheotherpersonwillholduphisorherendofabargain.“Intelligenceisshowntobelinkedwithtrustingothers.”saidthestudy'sleadauthor,NoahCarlofOxfordUniversity,“Thisfindingsupportswhatotherresearchershaveargued,namelythatbeingagoodjudgeofcharacterisadistinctpartofhumanintelligence.”Inaddition,thestudyshowsthatindividualswhoaremoretrustingarealsohappierwiththeirlivesandhadhigherlevelsofphysicalhealth.TheOxfordresearchersfound,however,thatthelinksbetweentrustandhealth,andbetweentrustandhappiness,arenotexplainedbyintelligence.Thefindingsconfirmedthattrustisavaluableresourceforanindividual,andisnotsimplyameasureofintelligence.Theauthorssaytheresearchissignificantbecausethestudyofsocialtrustcouldhavefar-reachingimplicationsinpublicwelfare,associaltrustcontributestothesuccessofimportantsocialinstitutions,suchaswelfaresystemsandfinancialmarkets.AccordingtoOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment,trustisinincreasinglyshortsupplyincurrentgeneration.Thisdeclinethreatensworldleaders’abilitytohandlesomeoftoday'skeychallengeslikeglobalwarming,andthepoliticalsystem.Therearegoodreasonstothinkthatgovernmentsshouldtrytodevelopmoretrustinsociety.Distrustusuallycausesfrictioninpersonalrelationships,careersandpoliticsamongothers,saysStephenCovey.Althoughmajorityofpeoplesaythattrustcanneverberestoredonceit'sbroken,Stephenfeelsitcanbebroughtback."It'snoteasy,ittakestime,butyoudoitthroughyourbehavior,notjustthingsyousay."1、ItcanbeconcludedfromtheanalysisoftheGeneralSocialSurveythat.A.intelligentpeopletendtoshowmoretrustinothersB.judgmentofcharactersdeterminesthelevelofintelligenceC.intelligenceaccountsfortheconnectionbetweentrustandhealthD.intelligentindividualsspendlesstimeoninterpersonalrelationship2、Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseinparagraph2probablymean?A.Makethebestofasituation.B.Sticktoone'spromiseasagreed.C.Figureoutthetruevalueofabargain.D.Makeanassessmentofadeal.3、Accordingtotheresearch,higherlevelofsocialtrustis.A.adecisivebasisforstablepoliticalsystemB.abasicsteptodealwithglobalwarmingC.acontributingfactortosuccessfulpublicinstitutionsD.acompletesolutiontointerpersonalconflicts4、Whenitcomestorebuildingtrust,Stephenismostlikelytoagreethat.A.actionsalwaysspeaklouderthanwordsB.behaviorisamirrorinwhicheveryoneshowshisimageC.behaviorislargelydeterminedbymindD.actionistheproperfruitofknowledgeText4Scientistssayweareallbornwithaknackformathematics.Everytimewescanthecafeteriaforatablethatwillfitallofourfriends,we’reexercisingtheancientestimationcenterinourbrain.StanislasDehaenewasthefirstresearchertoshowthatthispartofthebrainexists.In1989,hemetMr.Nwhohadsufferedaseriousbraininjury.Mr.Ncouldn’trecognizethenumber5,oradd2and2.Buthestillknewthatthereare“about50minutes”inanhour.Dehaenedrewanimportantconclusionfromhiscase:theremustbetwoseparatemathematicalareasinourbrains.Oneareaisresponsibleforthemathwelearninschool,andtheotherjudgesapproximateamounts.Sowhatdoesthebrain’sestimationcenterdoforus?HarvardUniversityresearcherElizabethSpelkehasspentalotoftimeposingmathproblemstopreschoolers.Whenheasks5-year-oldstosolveaproblemlike21+30,theycan’tdoit.Buthehasalsoaskedthemquestionssuchas,“Sarahhas21candlesandgets30more.Johnhas34candles.Whohasmorecandles?”Itturnsoutpreschoolersaregreatatsolvingquestionslikethat.Beforethey’velearnedhowtodomathwithnumeralsandsymbols,theirbrains’approximationcentersarealreadyhardatwork.Afterwelearnsymbolicmath,dowestillhaveanyuseforourinbornmathsense?JustinHalberdaatJohnsHopkinsUniversitygaveusananswerinhisstudy.Hechallengedagroupof14-year-oldswithanapproximationtest:Thekidsstaredatacomputerscreenandsawgroupsofyellowandbluedotsflashby,tooquicklytocount.Thentheyhadtosaywhethertherehadbeenmorebluedotsoryellowdots.Theresearchersfoundthatmostwereabletoanswercorrectlywhentherewere25yellowdotsand10blueones.Whenthegroupswerecloserinsize,11yellowdotsand10blueones,fewerkidsansweredcorrectly.Thebigsurpriseinthisstudycamewhentheresearchercomparedthekids’approximationtestscorestotheirscoresonstandardizedmathtests.Hefoundthatkidswhodidbetterontheflashingdottesthadbetterstandardizedtestscores,andviceversa(反之亦然).Itseemsthat,farfrombeingirrelevant,yourmathsensemightpredictyourabilityatformalmath.1、Fromthefirsttwostudies,wecanlearnthatestimationcenter________.A.isdividedintotwoseparatemathematicalareasB.canhelpfigureoutnumeralsandsymbolsproblemsC.functionsindependentlyinbothkids’andadults’brainsD.worksbetterwhensymbolicpartsareinjuredorundergrown2、WhatmostsurprisedJustininthestudyof14-year-olds?A.Thevarietyofmathabilitiesindifferentstudents.B.Thelinkbetweentechnologyskillsandestimationskills.C.Thedifficultyofthetaskasthenumberofdotsincreased.D.Theconnectionbetweenestimationskillsandformalmathability.3、Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.BornwithaSenseofMathB.GobeyondWhatYouCanLearnC.SymbolicMathandEstimationMathD.OurBrain一aBornMathematicianPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ChildrenhavetheirownrulesinplayinggamesTheyseldomneedareferee(裁判)andrarelytroubletokeepscoresTheydon’tcaremuch1.whowinsorloses,anditdoesn’tseemtoworrythemifthegameisnotfinishedYet,theylikegamesthatdependalotonluck,sothattheirpersonalabilitiescannotbe2.(direct)comparedTheyalsoenjoygamesthatmoveinstages,inwhicheachstage,the3.(choose)ofleaders,thepicking-upofsides,orthedeterminingofwhichsideshallstart,isalmostagameinitselfGrown-upscanhardlyfindchildren’sgamesexciting,andtheyoftenfeel4.(puzzle)atwhytheirkidsplaysuchsimplegamesagainandagainHowever,itisfoundthatachildplaysgamesforveryimportantreasonsHecanbeagood5.(play)withouthavingtothink6.heisapopularperson,andhecanfindhimselfbeingausefulpartnertosomeoneofwhomheisordinarilyafraidHe7.(become)aleaderwhenitcomestohisturnHecanbeconfidenttoo,andinparticular8.(game),thatitishisplacetogiveorders,topretendtobedead,tothrowaballactuallyatsomeone,ortokisssomeonehehascaughtItappearstousthatwhenchildrenplayagametheyimagineasituationunder9.(they)controlEveryoneknows10.rules,andmoreimportantly,everyoneplaysaccordingtotherulesThoserulesmaybechildish,buttheymakesurethateverychildhasachancetowinTheChang’e4spacecraftlandedontheso-calleddarksideofthemoonat10:3amonThursday,broughtthecountry1.(close)toitsgoalofbecomingaspacepowerChang’e4sentapicture2.(take)at11:40ambacktoEarthItshowsthatthemoon’sfarsideisnot3.(absolute)darkButitisoftencalledthedarksidebecauseitfacesawayfromEarthandlittle4.(know)aboutitInfact,thefarsideofthemoonisaratherquietplacethatisfreefromdisturbancefromradio5.(signal)fromtheEarthHouXiyunisaprofessoratNanjingUniversity’sschoolofastronomyandspacescience,6.toldtheAssociatedPress,“7.thewhole,China’sspacetechnologystilllagsbehindtheWest,withthelandingonthefarsideofthemoon,wehaveracedtothefront”Headded,”Thelandingis8.exampleofChina’sgrowingdesire9.(strengthen)itspositionasaninternationalpowerChinaplanstoexploreMars,Jupiterandasteroidsinthefuture”There’snodoubtthatournationwillgofartherandfartherIt’shoped10.ourspacedreamtomakeChinastrongerwillcometruesoonSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Whetheryouwanttoimproveyourwritingskillsasacreativewriterorsimplyperfectyourskillsforschoolwork,youcantakesomestepstolearnhowtobeabetterwriter.1.Useactiveinsteadofpassivevoice.InEnglish,themostbasicsentencestructureisS-V-O:Subject-Verb-Object.Thepassivevoiceusuallyrequiresmorewordsanduseofa“tobe”verbform,whichcansucktheenergyoutofyourwriting.Learntoavoidtheseconstructionsasmuchasyoucan.1、Itconventionallyusesthepassivevoicetoputtheemphasisontheresults,ratherthantheresearchers.2.2、Findingtherightverboradjectivecanturnanuninspiredsentenceintoonepeoplewillrememberandquoteforyearstocome.Lookforwordsthatareasspecificaspossible.Strongdoesn'tmeanobscure,ormorecomplicated.Don'tsay"utilize"whenyoucouldsay"use."3、3.Cutthechaff.4、Youdon'tgetpointsforsayingin50wordswhatcouldbesaidin20,orforusingmulti-syllablewordswhenashortonedoesjustaswell.Itmightfeelgoodatfirsttopackalotofideasanddetailsintoasinglesentence,butchancesarethatsentenceisjustgoingtobehardtoread.Ifaphrasedoesn'taddanythingvaluable,justcutit.5、Ifyounoticethatyourwritingisfilledwith"-ly"words,itmightbetimetotakeadeepbreathandgiveyourwritingmorefocus.A.Usestrongwords.B.Show,don'ttell.C.Goodwritingissimple,clearanddirect.D.Themainexceptiontothisissciencewriting.E.Cuttingthechaffisbestdoneattheeditingstage.F."Hesprinted"isnotnecessarilybetterthan"heran."G.Don'twrite"screamedfearfully"--"scream"alreadysuggestsfear.Didyoufeellikethenegativeremarkwasmoreinfluentialthanthecomplimentsthatyoureceivedearlier?Iftheanswertothequestionis“Yes”,thenyouarenotalone.1、Whennegativeremarkscomeabout,youremindyourselfthatitisonlysomeone’sopinionandeveryoneisentitled(使享有权利)toexpresstheiropinions.Theyhavetherighttosayanythingtheywanttosay.2、.Youcan
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