mk 2014年职称英语等级考试真题卫生类级

2014年职称英语等级考试真题（卫生A级1部分：词汇选项（1～15题，每题1分，共15分下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确2014年职称英语等级考试真题（卫生A级1部分：词汇选项（1～15题，每题1分，共15分下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确1个意义最为1．Therewasaninclinationtotreatgeographyasalessimportant2．Newsecretariescameandwentwithmonotonous3．Thecommitteewasaskedtorenderareportonthehousing4．Thegroupdoesnotadvocatetheuseof5．Theoriginalexperimentcannotbeexactly6．ThedepartmentdeferredthedecisionforsixA．putD．protested7．Thesymptomsofthediseasemanifestedthemselvestendays8．Theuniformmakestheguardslook9．Someofthelargerbirdscanremainstationaryintheairforseveral10．Thecountrywastornapartby11．Shefeltthatshehaddonehergooddeedforthe12．Aperson’swealthisoftenininverseproportiontotheir13．Hisprofessionalcareerspanned1614．Hisstomachfelthollowwith15．Thiswasdisasteronacosmic第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每1分7分下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没提及，请选C‘FeedMe1页9WhenBritishTVChefJamieOliverlaunchedhis'FeedMeBetter'campaignin2004inschoolsinWhenBritishTVChefJamieOliverlaunchedhis'FeedMeBetter'campaignin2004inschoolsintheGreenwichareaofLondonwiththeaimofimprovingthedietofBritishschoolchildren,somepeoplewereskepticalabouttheimpactitwouldhave.Oliver’shighly-publicizedtelevisioncampaigntoimproveschoollunchesledtodramaticchangesinthemealsofferedtopupilsintheGreenwichschools.InordertoachievehisaimOliverneededtoshowschoolshowtoswap交换)cheapprocessedmeals,whichwerehighinsaturatedfat(饱和脂肪)salt,andsugar,forhealthierNow,researchattheInstituteforSocialandEconomicResearch(ISER)hasshownthatOliver'sexperimentdidnotonlyhelppupilseatmorehealthily,italsoresultedinthemperformingbetteratschoolinEnglishandScienceandinhelpingschoolsreducetheirratesofabsenteeism(缺勤).TheISERstudy,carriedoutbyMicheleBelotandJonathanJames,showed'substantial'positiveeffects,withtheperformanceof11-year-oldpupilseatingOliver'smealsimprovingbyupto8%inScienceandbyasmuchas6%inEnglish.Inaddition,thenumberofchildrenhavingauthorizedabsencesforsicknesssince2004showeda14%decrease.TheISERstudyanalysedtheacademictestresultsofmorethan13,000childreninGreenwichbetween2002and2007toevaluatetheimpactofOliver'shealthiermealsonschoolperformance.Pupilswhosatexamsin2006-2007hadbeenonthenewdietforatleast12months,andtheresearchersfoundthatthenumberofpupilsreachinghigherlevelsofachievementhadclearlyrisen.ThestudyalsocomparedtheresultsoftheschoolsinGreenwichwiththoseofpupilsofthesameageinsevenotherLondonareaswhodidnoteatthemealscreatedbyOliver.TheresearchersweresurprisedbythespeedofimprovementsintheGreenwichpupils.TheycouldfindnootherexplanationfortheresultsexceptforthehealthierandmorenutritiousmealscreatedbyOliver.CommentingonISER'sfindings,Oliversaidhefelttheresearchprovedthathewasrightinhisdecisiontoremovefattyprocessedfoodandreplaceitwithnutrient-rich营养的foodssuchascoconut(椰子),fish,andbroccoli(花椰菜).Hecommentedthat‘wecouldseethatitmadethemcalmerandthereforeabletolearn’.16．The‘FeedMeBetter’campaigntargetedahealthierdietatC．not17．EveryonebelievedthecampaignschoolbeC．not18．TheISERisaninstitutethatdoesresearchonpupils’performanceinC．not19．ThepupilsinGreenwichsaidtheylikedthehealthierC．not20．ThenumberofpupilswhoaskedforsickleaveC．not21．TheISERdidnotacomparativestudyontheimpactofthenewC．not22．ThehealthierdiethelpedschoolchildrenimproveC．not2页，共9Aromatherapyisaformofalternativemedicinewhichisbasedontheuseofveryconcentratedessentialoilsfromtheflowers,leaves,bark,branchesorrootsofplantswhichareconsideredtohavehealingproperties.Inaromatherapythesepowerfuloilsaremixedwithotheroils,suchasalmond杏仁oil,ortheyarediluted稀释withwater.Thesesolutions溶液剂canberubbedontheskin,sprayedintheair,orappliedasacompress(敷药).Manypeoplehavearomatherapymassages(按摩),anddependingonthetreatmentapersonishaving,thearomatherapistwillmassagetheoilintothehandsorshoulders.Themassageissmoothandflowing,asitisdesignedtocreateasenseofrelaxationandcalm.Thesessionsaretailoredtotheindividual'shealthandmoodatthetime,soeverysessionisunique.Practionersofaromatherapybelievethatthearomaoftheessentialoilsdirectlystimulatesthebrainorthattheoilsareabsorbedthroughtheskinintothebloodstream,wheretheycanaffectthewholebodyandpromotehealing.Otherclaimsinsupportofaromatherapyarethatitaidsdigestion,improvesthefunctionofrespiratorysystem,reducesmuscularachesandpains,andpromotesmusclerelaxationandtone.Ithasalsobeenarguedthataromatherapycanimprovecirculation,lowerbloodpressure,andhelpcombatinsomnia失眠)andotherstress-relateddisorderssuchastensionheadaches,anxiety,andmilddepression.However,whilearomatherapymayhaverealeffectsthatpromoteasenseofwell-being,sometraditionalmedicinepractitionersremaindoubtfulaboutitspowers.Whileresearchhasconfirmedthataromatherapydoeshavesomepositiveshort-termeffectsonmostpeople,italsosuggeststhataromatherapyisnotanactualscienceormedicinethatshouldbeusedtotreatillness.Furthermore,notallaromatherapyisconsideredbeneficialtohealth.Thereareprecautionswhichshouldbetakenbeforehavingaromatherapybecausesomeoilscanhavenegativeeffectsonpeoplewithcertainmedicalconditions.Thestudyofaromatherapyisrelativelynewandunexplored.MoreresearchneedstobeconductedtomakescientificconclusionsaboutitsuseandD． ． 26．Paragraph4 27．Aromatherapyisamixtureoilfrompartsoftheplantsto 28．Thesessionsofaromatherapymassagesaredesignedto 29．Aromatherapyisbelievedto invariousways.30．Theusedandbenefitsofaromatherapyneedto ．．nt3页9helpthebeusedhavehealingA．CurrentresearchintoaromatherapyC．DifferentviewsaboutaromatherapyD．IntroductiontoaromatherapyE．DoubtsaboutthebenefitsaromatherapyF．Personalizedaromatherapymassage第4部分：阅第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分下面3短文，每篇短文后5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选ANewStrategytoOvercomeBreast第一Post-menopausal(绝经后)womenwhowalkforanhouradaycancuttheirchanceofbreastcancersignificantly,astudyhassuggested.Thereportwhichfollowed73,000womenfor17years,foundwalkingforatleastsevenhoursaweekloweredtheriskofthediseaseTheAmericanCancerSocietyteamsaidthiswasthefirsttimereducedriskwasspecificallylinkedtowalking.UKexpertssaiditwasmoreevidencethatlifestyleinfluencedcancerrisk.ArecentpollforthecharityRamblersaquarterofadultswalkfornomorethananhouraweek,butbeingactiveisknowntoreducetheriskofanumberofcancers.Thisstudy,publishedinCancerEpidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed73.615womenoutof97,785aged50-74whohadbeenrecruitedbytheAmericanCancerSocietybetween1992and1993,soitcouldmonitortheincidenceofcancerinthegroup.Theywereaskedtocompletequestionnairesontheirhealthandonhowmuchtimetheywereactiveandparticipatinginactivitiessuchaswalking,swimmingandaerobics有氧运动andhowmuchtimetheyspentsittingwatchingtelevisionorreading.Theycompletedthesamequestionnairesattwo-yearintervalsbetween1997and2009.Ofthewomen,47saidwalkingwastheironlyrecreationalactivity.Thosewhowalkedforatleastsevenhoursperweekhada14%lowerriskofbreastcancercomparedtothosewhowalkedthreeorfewerhoursperweek.Dr.AlpaPatel,aseniorepidemiologistattheAmericanCancerSocietyinAtlanta,Georgia,wholedthestudy,said:“Giventhatmorethan60%ofwomenreportsomedailywalking,promotingwalkingasahealthyleisure-timeactivitycouldbeaneffectivestrategyforincreasingphysicalactivityamongstpost-menopausalwomen.Wewerepleasedtofindthatwithoutanyotherrecreationalactivity,justwalkingonehouradaywasassociatedwithalowerriskofbreastcancerinthesewomen.”Morestrenuous(紧张的)andlongeractivitiesloweredtheriskevenmore.”BaronessDelythMorgan,chiefexecutiveofBreastCancerCampaign,said:“Thisstudyaddsfurtherevidencethatourlifestylechoicescanplayapartininfluencingtheriskofbreastcancerandevensmallchangesincorporateintoournormalday-to-dayactivitycanmakeadifference.”Sheadded:“Weknowthatthebestweapontoovercomingbreastcanceristheabilitytostopitoccurringinthefirstplace.Thechallengenowishowweturnthesefindingsintoactionandidentifyothersustainablelifestylechangesthatwillhelpuspreventbreastcancer.”31．Allofthefollowingfactorsrelatingtocancerriskwerementionedinthepassage 4页9A．breathingexerciseB．regularwalkingA．breathingexerciseB．regularwalkingD．lifestylechoicesItcanbeinferredfromDr.AlpaPatel’sstudythat womenhavefewerchancesofphysicaldailywalkingcouldcutthechanceofbreastcancerC．leisure-timeactivityisnotassociatedwithcancerriskD．walkingisnotrecommendedforwomenwithbreastcancerDr.AlpaPatelwas headofthesurveychiefeditorofCancerchairoftheAmericanCancerchiefexecutiveofBreastCancerWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotheMostwomentakewalkingastheironlyrecreationalThestudyaimstotrackthehealthconditionsofitsWalkingwastheonlyrecreationalactivityforabouthalfoftheIrregularwalkingincreasedtheriskofbreastcancerinpost-menopausalwomen.Theword“sustainable”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto?A.continuable第二UKcitizens’carbonAround45%oftheUK’scarbondioxideemissionscomefromtheenergypeopleuseeveryday—athomeandwhentheytravel.Inordertogeneratethatenergy,fossilfuels(coal,oil,andgas)areburnt,andtheseproducegreenhousegases—inparticularcarbondioxide(CO2).Caremissionsareamajorproblem,butthetruthisthatmoreCO2comefromtheenergyusedathome.TheaveragehouseholdcreatesaroundfiveandahalftonnesofCO2ayear,anditisthesameCO2thatischangingtheclimateanddamagingtheenvironment.CO2andvariousothergaseswraptheearthinaninvisibleblankethelpingtopreventheatfromescaping.Withoutthisgreenhouseeffect,theaveragetemperatureontheEarthwouldbearound-18℃,comparedwiththecurrentaverageofaround+15℃.Thecompositionofthisblanketofgaseshasremainedrelativityconstantformanythousandsofyears.However,sincetheindustrialrevolutionbeganaround200yearsago,peoplehavebeenburningincreasingamountsoffossilfuels,thusreleasingmoreCO2andothergreenhousegasesintheprocess.Thishasincreasedtheheatingeffectoftheblanket,trappingmoreofthesun’senergyinsidetheEarth’satmosphereinturntheEarth’stemperaturehasincreasedmorerapidlyinashorterperiodoftimethanithasforthousandsofyears.In2008,thetotalUKCO2emissionswere533milliontonnes.27%(144milliontonnes)ofthoseemissionscamefromtheenergyusedtoheat,light,andpowerhomes.Transport5页9causedbypassengercars,busesandmotorcyclesaccountedforafurther16%(87milliontonnes)oftheUK’sCO2emissions.ThesefiguresshowthatasignificantamountofCO2resultsfromordinarycitizens’carbonfootprintintheirdailyactivitiesandlifestyle.Theeffectsofclimatechangecanbeseenallaroundus.Weathercausedbypassengercars,busesandmotorcyclesaccountedforafurther16%(87milliontonnes)oftheUK’sCO2emissions.ThesefiguresshowthatasignificantamountofCO2resultsfromordinarycitizens’carbonfootprintintheirdailyactivitiesandlifestyle.Theeffectsofclimatechangecanbeseenallaroundus.Weatherpatternsarebecomingmoreandmorefracturedanduncertain,andoverthelastcenturytrendsinwarmweatherhavebecomerainfall.Oneoftheclearestshiftsoverthelast200yearsistowardssummersthatarehotterdrier,causingpervasive(普遍的)watershortages.Recentyearshavebeenhottestsincebegan,andduringAugust2003,thehottesteveroutdoortemperatureintheUKwas—Whatistheauthor’smainToexplainthegreenhouseTodescribetheeffectsofclimatechangeintheToshowhowmuchCO2isproducedbyordinarypeople’sToillustrateshowindustrialactivitycreatesthegreenhouseeffect.Whatistheauthor’sopinionaboutthelevelofCO2emissionsintheUK?A.ThemajorityofCO2emissionscomefrommotorizedtransport.B．CO2emissionsmaycauseclimatechangeinthefutureC．MoreCO2emissionscomesfromhomesthanfromcars.D．Theaveragecitizendoesnotcreatemuch38．CO2emissionsfrom.areamoreseriousproblemthanenergydonotcauseanyarehighbecauseaveragehouseholdownsacontributeconsiderablytogreenhouseTheresultofclimatechangeintheUKcanbeseenin coolerwarmerstrongerWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefortheA.WaysofreducingtheUK’sCO2B．UKcitizens’carbonC．TheeffectofindustryonclimatechangeintheD．ChangesinweatherpatternsintheFirstSelf-containedHeart第三Apatientonthebrinkofdeathhasreceivedtheworld’sfirstself-containedartificialheart—abattery-powereddeviceaboutthesizeofasoftballthatrunswithouttheneedforwires,tubesorhosesstickingoutofthechest.TwosurgeonsfromtheUniversityofLouisvilleimplantedthetitaniumandplasticpumpduringaseven-houroperationatJewishHospitalMonday.Thehospitalsaidthepatientwas“awakeandresponsive”Tuesdayandrestingcomfortably.Itrefusedtoreleasepersonaldetails.6页9Thepatienthadbeenexpectedtodiewithinamonthwithouttheoperation,anddoctorssaidtheyexpectedtheartificialhearttoextendtheperson’slifebyonlyamonth.Butthedeviceisconsideredamajorsteptowardimprovingthepatient’squalityoflife.Thenewpump,calledAbioCor,isalsoatechnologicalleapfromthemechanicalheartsusedinthe1980s,whichwereattachedbywiresandtubestobulkymachineryoutsidethebody.Themostfamousofthose,theJarvic-7,usedairasapumpingdeviceandwasattachedtoanapparatusaboutthesizeofawashingmachine.“Ithinkit’sThepatienthadbeenexpectedtodiewithinamonthwithouttheoperation,anddoctorssaidtheyexpectedtheartificialhearttoextendtheperson’slifebyonlyamonth.Butthedeviceisconsideredamajorsteptowardimprovingthepatient’squalityoflife.Thenewpump,calledAbioCor,isalsoatechnologicalleapfromthemechanicalheartsusedinthe1980s,whichwereattachedbywiresandtubestobulkymachineryoutsidethebody.Themostfamousofthose,theJarvic-7,usedairasapumpingdeviceandwasattachedtoanapparatusaboutthesizeofawashingmachine.“Ithinkit’spotentiallyamajorstepforwardintheartificialheartdevelopment,”saidDr.DavidFaxon,presidentoftheAmericanheartAssociation.However,hesaidthedreamofanimplantable,permanentartificialheartisnotyetareality.“Thisisobviouslyanexperimentaldevicewhoselong-termsuccesshastobedemonstrated.”Onlyabouthalfofthe4,200Americansonawaitinglistfordonorheartsreceivedthemlastyear,andmostoftherestdied.Somedoctors,includingRobertHiggins,chairmanofcardiologyattheMedicalCollegeofVirginiainRichmond,saidartificialheartsareunlikelytoreplacedonorhears.“Adonorheartinagoodtransplantcanlast15to30years,”hesaid.“It’sgoingtobehardtoreplacethatwithamachine.”TheAbioCorhasa2-poundpumpingunit,andelectroniccontrolsthatadjustthepumpingspeedbasedonthebody’sneeds.Itispoweredbyasmallbatterypackwornoutsidethebodythattransmitscurrentthroughtheskin.Thefirsttwoparagraphstellthatself-containedartificialheart wasmadeoftitaniumandhadbroughtthepatienttothebrinkofdidnotneedtogetpowerfromoutsidethewasinventedbytwosurgeonsfromuniversityofLouisville42．Thepatientreceivedthefirstself-containedheart couldnotaffordadonorwassaidtobeinagoodconditionthenextdayafterthediedtwomonthsaftertheheartwasreluctanttoreleasehisorherpersonalinformation43．Inthefourthparagraph,theJarvic-7is A．themostexpensivemechanicalB．amechanicalheartusedintheD．replacingAbiocor44．AccordingtoDr.DavidFaxon,theself-containedheartis A．amilestoneintheartificialheartstillintheexperimentalanimplantable,permanentartificialunavailabletoallthoseAmericanswaitingfordonorhearts45．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatdonorheart savedthelivesofabout2100Americanstheyearbeforethewillbereplacedbyself-containedartificialheartssooneroraremorepopularandcheaperthanself-containedartificialcanhelppatientssurvivelessthan15yearsiftheyareingood第7页95部分：补全短文（46～5部分：补全短文（46～50题，每2分10分下面的短文5处空白，短文后6个句子5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其WronglyconvincedmanandhisaccusertelltheirNEWYORK,NY,January5,2010.St.Martin’sPresshasannouncedthereleaseofthepaperbackeditionofPickingCotton,aremarkabletruestoryofwhatnovelistJohnGrishamcallsan“accountofviolence,rage,redemption(救赎),and,ultimatelyforgiveness.”Thestorybeganin1987,inBurlington,NorthCarolina,withtherapeofayoungwhilecollegestudentnamedJenniferThompson.Duringherordeal(折磨),Thompsonswore(发誓)toherselfthatshewouldneverforgetthefaceofherrapist(强奸犯),amanwhoclimbedthroughthewindowofherapartmentandassaulted(攻击)herbrutally.F (46).Whenthepoliceaskedherifshecouldidentifytheassailant(袭击者)fromabookofmugshots(嫌疑犯照片),shepickedonethatshewassurewascorrect,andlatersheidentifiedthesamemaninalineup(行列).Basedonherconvincingeyewitnesstestimony,a22-year-oldblackmannamedRonaldCottonwassentencedtoprisonfortwolifeterms.Cotton’slawyerappealedthedecision(提出上诉),andbythetimeoftheappealshearing(上诉听证会),evidencehadcometolightsuggestingthattherealrapistmighthavebeenamanwholookedverylikeCotton,animprisonedcriminalnamedBobbyPoole. (47).JenniferThompsonlookedatbothmenfacetoface,andonceagainsaidthatRonaldCottonwastheonewhorapedElevenyearslater,DNAevidencecompletelyexonerated(证明……清白)Cottonandjustasunequivocally(明确地)convictedPoole,whoconfessedtothecrime.E(48).“ThemanIwassosureIhadneverseeninmylifewasthemanwhowasinchesfrommythroat,whorapedme,whohurtme,whotookmyspiritaway,whorobbedmeofmysoul,”shewrote.AndthemanIhadidentifiedsosurelyonsomanyoccasionswasabsolutelyinnocent.”A(49).Remarkablybothwereabletoputthistragedybehindthem,overcometheracialbarrierthatdividedthem,andwriteabook,whichtheyhavesubtitled.“Ourmemoir(回忆录)ofinjusticeandredemption(拯救).”Nevertheless,Thompsonsays,shestilllives“withconstantpainthatmyprofoundcosthimsoCJenniferThompsondecidedtomeetCottonandapologizetohimManycriminalsaresenttoprisononthebasisofaccuratetestimonybyC．IcannotbegintoimaginewhatwouldhavehappenedhadmymistakenidentificationoccurredinacapitalcaseAnothertrialwasThompsonwasshockedandDuringtheattack,shemadeanefforttomemorizeeverydetailofhisface,lookingforscars,tattoos(纹身),orotheridentifyingmarks.6部分：完形填空（52～65题，每1分15分下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项8页9Scientistshavedevelopedskinteststhatmaybeusedi