Unit4NaturaldisastersReading课文知识点讲义高一上学期英语人教版

B1U4Readingprehension

课文逐句理解+知识点拓展Thenighttheearthdidn’tsleep第一段：StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.Forseveraldaysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.Atleastonewellhadsomesmellygasingoutofit.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeatanddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohideandfishjumpedoutofthewater.Atabout3:00a.m.on28July1976,brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.Butthecity'sonemillionpeoplewereasleepasusualthatnight.课文逐句理解+知识点拓展StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.在河北东北的农村地区发生了一些奇怪的事情。语言积累：inthecountryside在乡下northeastern[ˌnɔ:θ'i:stən]adj.（在）东北的；向东北的Forseveraldays,thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.连续数日，村子水井里的水涨涨落落，涨涨落落。welladv.好，出色地Welldone!干得好！adj.健康的Mayyougetwellsoon!愿你早日康复！(应用文)int.（语气词）嗯；不过；好了；那么；算了n.井；楼梯井v.涌出Tearswelledupinhereyes.她热泪盈眶（续写佳句）riseroserisenrising上升；提高rose玫瑰rosyadj.粉红色的/红润的/愉快的/美好的/乐观的Mayyouhavearosyfuture.愿你前程似锦。(应用文)Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.井壁上出现了很深的裂缝。语法精讲：that引导的是什么从句？为什么用that引导？解析：that引导的是定语从句依据：that从句位于名词cracks后,起修饰限定的作用,故为定从引导词用that的原因：cracks(_____)appearedinthewellwalls.从句缺主语指代cracks，指物因此可用that/which来引导Atleastonewellhadsomesmellygasingoutofit.至少有一口井里有一些恶臭的气体传出来。语言积累1：atleast至少littlelessleastatmost至多manymoremost语言积累2：smelly[ˈsmeli]adj.难闻的smellv.闻到；察觉到n.臭味；嗅觉smellsmeltsmeltsmellingDinnersmellsgood.饭菜闻起来很香。（续写佳句）Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeatanddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.鸡甚至猪都太紧张了而吃不下东西，狗也拒绝进入建筑物。知识点积累：refuse[rɪˈfjuːz,ˈrefjuːs]v.拒绝；回绝refusetodosth拒绝做某事refusal[rɪˈfjuːzl]n.拒绝；aflatrefusal一个断然的拒绝Hegavemeaflatrefusal.他断然拒绝了我。（续写）Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohideandfishjumpedoutofthewater.老鼠跑出田野，寻找藏身的地方，鱼跳出了水面。语言积累：field[fiːld]n.田地；运动场；战场；领域Atabout3:00a.m.on28July1976,brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.1976年7月28日凌晨3时左右，在唐山市外的天空中看到亮光，并听到巨大的噪音。Butthecity'sonemillionpeoplewereasleepasusualthatnight.但那天晚上，城里的100万人像往常一样睡觉。语言积累：asusual像往常一样usualadj.通常的，常见的；平常的，普通的；平时的；unusualadj.特别的，不寻常的；独特的，别致的第二段：At3:42a.m.,everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend!Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometersawayinBeijing.Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit!Ahugecrack,eightkilometreslongand30metreswide,cutacrosshouses,roads,andwaterways.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000At3:42a.m.,everythingbegantoshake.凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来。知识点积累：begintodo开始做某事shake[ʃeɪk]v.摇动；动摇；颤抖shakeshookshakenn.摇动；抖动；颤抖；奶昔eg:Sheshookherheadindisbelief.她难以置信地摇了摇头。(续写)Hewasshakingwithfear.他吓得发抖（续写佳句）Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend!看起来似乎世界末日就要来临了。语法精讲：asif后引导的从句，如果描述的事件是真实的，就用陈述语气ItseemsasifyouarereallyinterestedinChineseculture.(真实情况，用陈述语气)asif后引导的从句，如果描述的是不太可能发生的事情,用虚拟语气。asif从句用虚拟语气的三种情况：1.与现在事实相反,从句谓语用一般过去时(虚拟语气中没有was,只用were）eg:ThecaptaintreatsmeasifIwerehisowndaughter.队长对待我好像我是他自己的女儿一样。(与现在事实相反)2.与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时Tomandhisnewfriendtalkedasthoughtheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.(与过去事实相反)汤姆和他的新朋友说起话来好像他们是多年的朋友一样。3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语用would/could/might+V原Itseemsasifthemeetingwouldneveretoanend.看起来好像会议永不会结束。(与将来事实相反)Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend!思考：教材里这句话是陈述语气还是虚拟语气？解析：因为theworld作主语，在陈述句中，谓语应为was本句谓语为were,因此可推知此句为虚拟语气。表明世界并非真的要到末日，是一种夸张的写作手法。exaggeration[ɪgˌzædʒəˈreɪʃn]夸张Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometersawayinBeijing.在城市正下方11公里处，20世纪最致命的地震之一已经开始，这次地震甚至给150多公里外的北京造成了破坏。语法精讲：that引导的是什么从句？为什么用that引导该从句？语法解析1：quake是名词that从句为定语从句语法解析2：观察aquak___evencauseddamagemorethan.....可知从句缺主语主语指代先行词quake,为事/物因此用that/which引导Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit!全国近三分之一的人都感受到了!语法精讲：1.分数的表达为子基母序（分子用基数词，分母用序数词）eg:onefifth五分之一twothirds三分之二threefifths五分之三2.分数词of结构+n作主语,谓语v的单复数取决于该n的单复数eg:Threefifthsofthestudentslikestudyinggeographyeg:ThreefifthsofthewaterhasbeenpollutedAhugecrack,eightkilometreslongand30metreswide,cutacrosshouses,roads,andwaterways.一条长8公里、有30米宽的巨大裂缝横跨房屋、道路和水道。longadv.长时间地；很久地；（多）长（时间）eg：我认识她很长时间了Ihaveknownherlonglongadj.长的；长期的；长音的eg:我累了。这一天可真够长的I'mwornout.It'sbeenalongday.longv.渴望longtodosth渴望做某事longforsth渴望得到某事物eg:我渴望再次见到你Ilongtoseeyouagain.eg:我渴望自由Ilongforfreedom“长宽高”的词形变化及使用eg:练太极可以延年益寿(应用文介绍传统文化元素之太极)PracticingTaichicanlengthenpeople’slives.wideadj宽的widthn.宽度widenv.加宽；拓宽eg:Bookscanenrichourimaginationandwidenouroutlook.书籍可以丰富我们的想象力，拓宽我们的视野。(话题作文：Reading)highadj高的heightn.高度heightenv.加强，提高，增加eg:Toheightenstudents’awarenessofsafety,alecturewillbeheldinourschoolhallthisfridayat3:00p.m.(应用文通知Notice)为了增强学生的安全意识,一个讲座将于本周五在我们学校大礼堂举行Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.坚硬的岩石山变成了肮脏的河流。不到一分钟,一座大城市变成了废墟。基础知识：ruinn.毁坏；废墟eg:Hewasdeterminedtobuildanewlifeoutoftheruinsofhiscareer.他决心从事业失败中爬起来，重新开始新的生活。eg:恶劣天气毁掉了我们的旅行。Thebadweatherruinedourtrip.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.居住在那里的人有三分之二死亡或受伤。语法精讲：who引导的是什么从句？为什么用who引导？解析1：从句wholivedthere位于n之后是定语从句解析2：people(__livedthere)从句缺主语且主语指代先行词people,指人用who引导定语从句练习题Sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.She,whoisourheadteacher,isMissHeThepeoplewhoImetyesterdaywanttobuythehouse.Houseswhichisnexttothelakeisexpensive.Hisbestmovie,whichwinsseveralawards,isaboutwildlife.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.成千上万的孩子失去了父母。Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.地震中死亡或重伤的人数超过40万语法精讲：who引导的是什么从句？为什么用who引导？解析1：从句位于n之后是定语从句解析2：people(__werekilled.....)从句缺主语且主语指代先行词people,指人用who引导基础知识:thenumberof+n作主语,表示“...的数量”，谓语动词用单数anumberof+ns作主语，表示“大量的...”谓语动词用复数第三段：Everywheresurvivorslooked,therewasnothingbutruins.Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75percentofthecity'sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomesandallofitshospitalsweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves,butnowindcouldblowthemaway.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofmetal.Tensofthousandsofcowshundredsofthousandsofpigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereinshockandthen.laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmorebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Everywheresurvivorslooked,therewasnothingbutruins.幸存者们向四周看看，除了废墟什么也没有。语法精讲1：everywhere作连词，意为“无论哪里”，引导状语从句[仿写]无论走到哪里，她都受到热烈欢迎。Everywhereshegoes，shereceivesawarmwele.语法精讲2：nothingbut=only仅仅eg:Nothingbutamiraclecansavehernow.只有奇迹才能救她。Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75percentofthecity'sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomesandallofitshospitalsweregone.这座城市几乎所有的东西都被摧毁了。该市约75%的工厂和建筑、90%的住宅和所有的医院都消失了。知识点讲解：goneadj.用完的,用光的;死了的,灭绝的;离去的,不在某处的;不复存在的；eg:Unfortunately,thosedaysaregoneforever.遗憾的是，那些日子一去不复返了。Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves,butnowindcouldblowthemaway.砖块像红色的秋叶一样覆盖着地面，但没有风可以把它们吹走。语言积累：like多层意思知多少？prep.像,好比;大约He'sverylikehisfather.他很像他的父亲likev.喜欢,想要AtweekendsIliketosleeplate.周末我爱睡懒觉。conj.像,如同Itdidn'tturnoutlikeIintended.这结果与我的本意相悖。Weallhavedifferentlikesanddislikes.我们各有不同的好恶。It’shardtomeetpeopleoflikemind很难遇见志趣相投的人adv.大概,可能,像Itwas,like,weird.这事儿可能是有点怪。Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.大多数桥梁已经垮塌或无法安全通过。…上架桥bridgetheˈgapbetweenAandB消除A和B的隔阂;将A和B结合起来Theartistbridgedthegapbetweeneasternandwesternculture.这位艺术家将东西方文化结合了起来。句式学习：主语beadjtodo主语是...去做某事的我很容易相处Iameasytogetalongwith这些问题难以解决TheseproblemsaredifficulttosolveTherailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofmetal.铁轨现在成了无用的金属碎片。Tensofthousandsofcowshundredsofthousandsofpigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.数以万计的牛、几十万头猪和数百万只鸡都死了。Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater现在井里装满了沙子而不是水。Peoplewereinshockandthen,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.人们震惊了，然后,当天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。shock知识点积累：处于震惊中：inshock2.对某事感到震惊：beshockedatsthIamshockedatthebeautifulviewofMountTai我被泰山的美景震撼到了3震惊地发现：beshockedtofindthat...Iamshockedtofindthateverythingisgone.我震惊的发现一切都消失了4.令某人震惊的是：toone’sshockTomyshock,theathletedidn’twinagoldmedal使我震惊的是，这位运动员没有获得金牌。fall短语大集合fallaboutlaughing笑得前仰后合Weallfellaboutlaughing.fallapart破碎；破裂Mydreamfellapart.我的梦想破裂了fallbehind落后fallinlovewithsb/sth爱上某人/物Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.水、食品和电是很难得到的句式：主语beadjtodo主语是...去做某事的Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.人们开始想知道这场灾难会持续多久。词汇学习Iamwonderingwhetheryou'dliketoetotheparty.不知您能否来参加聚会(应用文之邀请信)n.惊讶，惊叹；奇迹；令人惊讶的事物/人词汇学习Theexhibition,whichwilllasttwohours,willbeafeastfortheeyes.这次将持续2小时的展览会是一场视觉盛宴。第四段：Buthopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150.000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Morethan10,000doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcare.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain,truck,andplane.Slowly.thecitybegantobreatheagain.Buthopewasnotlost.但是希望并没有丧失。（仍有希望）词汇精讲：lostadj迷路的/失去的/不知所措的/全神贯注的/输了的eg:Iwouldbelostwithoutyourhelp.没有你的帮助，我就会不知所措eg:Heislostinreadingnovels.他沉迷于读小说。lostv.丢失/失去/输掉（lose的过去式和过去分词形式）loselostlosteg:loseyourhair/teeth脱发；掉牙Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150.000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.地震发生后不久,军队派遣了15万士兵到唐山挖出被困的人并埋葬死者。基础知识积累：soonafter不久以后army军队digout挖出betrapped被困bury埋葬thedead死者语法知识：....todigoutthosewhoweretrapped......who引导的是定语从句依据：名词或代词后起修饰限定作用的从句是定语从句。Morethan10,000doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcare.超过1万名医生和护士前来提供医疗服务知识拓展：morethan+数词表示“超过”morethan+名词表示“不仅仅”SheismoreourEnglishteacher她不仅仅是我们的英语老师。morethan+adj表示“非常”Iammorethandelightedtoinviteyoutoparticipateinalecture.我非常高兴地邀请你参加一个讲座。（应用文邀请信高分句）Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.工人们为房屋被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。语法学习：survivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyedwhose引导的是定语从句依据：位于名词后，起修饰限定的作用的是定语从句。思考：为什么用whose引导从句？解析：survivors(_____)homeshadbeendestroyed定语从句不缺主语/宾语缺定语，意为“...的”,从句与先行词是所属关系,用whose语法练习：Thelecture(whosethemeisReading)willbeofgreatbenefittous.这个主题为“阅读”的讲座将对我们大有裨益。解析：从句位于名词后，起修饰限定的作用，是定语从句定语从句缺定语（从句与先行词是所属关系）用whose引导It'sthehousewhosedoorispaintedred.这就是那所门涂成红色的房Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.成千上万的人得到了帮助.(bedone是谓语形式的被动)Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain,truck,andplane.水和食物由火车、卡车和飞机运入城市。Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.慢慢地，这个城市开始再次呼吸。（恢复生机）第五段：Tangshanstartedtoreviveitselfandgetbackuponitsfeet.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity'speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcityhasbeea