人教版英语必修四新素养讲义Unit2Workingtheland4SectionⅣGrammarWord版含答案

SectionⅣGrammar动词­ing形式作主语和宾语1．(教材P10)Sincethen,finding(find)waystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.2．(教材P10)Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedforincreasing(increase)thericeoutput.3．(教材P10)YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpanding(expand)theareaofthefields.4．(教材P10)Heenjoyslistening(listen)toviolinmusic,playing(play)mah­jong,swimming(swim)andreading(read)．5．(教材P10)Heawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducing(produce)akindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeople.6．Itisnousearguing(argue)withhimaboutsuchamatter.概念：动词­ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。动词­ing形式的时态和语态：语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone动词­ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。动词­ing形式作主语1．动词­ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。◆Sayingisonething,anddoingisanother.说是一回事，而做是另一回事。◆Readingaloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。(1)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。◆Tolietoheriswrong.对她撒谎不对。(2)动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。◆Climbingmountainsisreallydifficultfortheold.对于老人来说爬山确实困难。【即时演练1】——单句语法填空①(2019·天津卷)Learning(learn)tothinkcritically(批判性地)isanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.②Attending(attend)thepartylastnightmadeAliceveryexcited.③Mary’sbeing(be)lateforclassthismorningmadetheteacherangry.2．形式主语it代替动词­ing形式作主语。此类句式常见的有：Itisawasteoftimedoing... 做……是浪费时间的。Itisnogood/usedoing... 做……是没用的。Itisworthwhiledoing... 做……是值得的。Itisuselessdoing... 做……没有用。Itisnofundoing... 做……没有乐趣。◆Itisnogood/useregrettingforthepast.悔恨过去是没用的。◆Itisawasteoftimearguingwithhimaboutthematter.同他争辩这件事真是浪费时间。【即时演练2】——单句语法填空①Itisawasteoftimetrying(try)topersuadehimtogiveupplayingputergames.②Itisworthwhilereading(read)suchawonderfulnovel.③It’snouseplaining(plain)withouttakingaction.动词­ing形式作宾语1．作动词的宾语常接动词­ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：避免错过少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建议完成多练习(advise/suggest,finish,practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can’thelp)承认否定与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)◆Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打开窗子吗？◆Idon’tlikewatchingtelevisionbutIenjoylisteningtotheradio.我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。◆Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。2．作动词短语的宾语常见的跟动词­ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insiston,objectto,begoodat,befondof,leadto,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,devoteto,get/beusedto,payattentionto,beworth等。◆Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。【即时演练3】——单句语法填空/完成句子①Iwillbecarefultoavoidmaking(make)thesamemistakesinmystudy.②Whilegoingshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelpbeing__persuaded(persuade)intobuyingsomethingtheydon’tneed.③Theboywasluckytoescapebeing__punished(punish)．④Wedon’tallowdiving(dive)inthepool.⑤这对于正在试图戒烟的人来说很有用。Itisveryusefulforsomeonewhoistryingtogive__up__smoking．⑥我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。Ihaveneverdreamed__of__visiting__that__place．3．在有些动词的后面，如start,begin,continue等，既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。◆Theycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.他们继续工作，好像什么也没发生过。4．在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后接动词­ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。◆Hepreferredstayingathomewhenitrained.下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词­ing形式作宾语，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)◆Iprefertostayathomethisafternoon.今天下午我宁愿留在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，表示“今天下午留在家里”这一具体的动作。)【即时演练4】——单句语法填空Helikesswimmingbuthedoesn’tliketo__swimthisafternoon.(swim)5．有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词­ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：动词宾语的形式意义forgettodo忘记做……doing忘记做过……remembertodo记着要去做……doing记得做过……regrettodo遗憾/抱歉要做……doing后悔做了……trytodo尽力做……doing尝试做……meantodo打算做……doing意味着……goontodo接着做(另外一件事)doing接着做(同一件事)stoptodo停下来去做某事doing停止做某事◆Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.请记着代我向你的家人问好。◆Istillremembervisitingthemuseumforthefirsttime.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。【即时演练5】——单句语法填空①Imeanto__change(change)itforanotherone.②(安徽卷)Irememberedto__lock(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgotto__turn(turn)offthelights.③Iregretto__tell(tell)youthatmysisterregretsmaking(make)youherdate.Youarenotthekindofpersonshewants.6．下列动词可接动词­ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedone◆Thebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这辆自行车需要修一下。【即时演练6】——一句多译①这个问题值得讨论。→The__question__deserves__discussing.→The__question__deserves__to__be__discussed.②这个窗户需要清扫了。→The__window__needs/requires/wants__cleaning.→The__window__needs/requires/wants__to__be__cleaned.动词­ing形式的否定形式动词­ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时not应放在逻辑主语和动词­ing形式之间。◆Youhavenoexcusefornotgoing.你没有理由不去。◆Hewaspunishedfornothavingfinishedhishomework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。【即时演练7】——完成句子①Excusemeformy__not__ing__on__time(我没能按时来)．②I’msorryfornot__having__kept__my__promise(没有遵守我的承诺)．动词­ing形式的复合结构动词­ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词­ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词­ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：(1)形容词性物主代词＋动词­ing(2)名词’s＋动词­ing(3)代词宾格＋动词­ing(4)名词＋动词­ing◆Heringtohelpencouragedallofus.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。◆Thebabywasmadeawakebythedoorsuddenlyshutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。◆Canyouimaginehim/Jackcookingathome?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗？(1)动词­ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用(3)(4)两种形式。(2)无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第(2)种形式。◆Tom’swinningthefirstprizelastyearimpressedmealot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。◆Doyoumindmy/me/Jack’s/Jackleavingnow?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？【即时演练8】——用动词­ing形式的复合结构完成句子①他父亲病了，使他很担心。His__father’s__being__illmadehimworried.②你正确未必就意味着我错了。Your__being__rightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong.③我们盼望着周杰伦来给我们举办一场演唱会。WearelookingforwardtoJay__Chou’s/Jay__Chou__ingtogiveusavocalconcert.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．Danaadmittedfeeling(feel)hurtbywhatIhadsaid.2．Theteacherwasquiteangryforyourbeing(be)latethismorning.3．Igaveuptrying(try)topersuadehimtocontinuewithhisstudies.4．Joansuggestedasking(ask)herfatherforhisopiniononthematter.5．Whenthebosscamein,everyonestoppedtalking(talk)andlookedathim.6．Iwanttoavoidspeaking(speak)tohimuntilI’vegotmoredetails.7．Sheimaginedherselfsitting(sit)inherfavouritearmchairbackhome.8．Knowing(know)basicfirst­aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.9．Hearing(hear)howothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.10．Lauradislikesbeing(be)withchildrensoshedoesn’tplantobeaprimaryschoolteacher.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)对比填空1．(1)Irememberseeing(see)herbefore,butIcan’trememberwhenitwas.(2)Youmustrememberto__tell(tell)Jacksonthenewstonight.2．(1)Don’tforgetto__turn(turn)offallthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.(2)Iwillneverforgetfinding(find)thatrarecoininmygardenlastyear.3．(1)Ididn’tmeanto__visit(visit)himyesterdayafternoon.(2)Givingupyourplanmeanslosing(lose)alargeamountofmoney.4．(1)Sorry,Ican’thelp(to)__paint(paint)thewallthisweekend.(2)Allthekidscouldn’thelplaughing(laugh)atthejoke.5．(1)Thelittleboystoppedcrying(cry)whenhesawthenewtoycarandbegantoplaywithithappily.(2)Shefeltthirsty,soshestoppedto__get(get)adrinkofwater.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)单句改错1．Mr.Zhangdevoteshimselftohelpthosepoorchildrencontinuewiththeireducation.help→helping2．LittleAlicelookedforwardtostaywithhergrandparentsinthecountrysideinsummer.stay→staying3．Ithinkitisnopleasurewatchthefootballmatchathomealone.watch→watching4．InChineseculture,pointatotherswithafingerisconsideredtobeimpolite.point→pointing5．Everytimeshethoughtofthepastdays,shecouldn’thelpsmile.smile→smilingeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)语法与写作1．拥有朋友意味着你有谈话的人，所以你不会感到孤独和沮丧。Having__friends__means__that__you__can__have__someone__to__talk__tosothatyoudon’tfeellonelyanddepressed.2．很多人都建议制定更多的规则以保护动物权益。Manypeoplehavesuggestedsetting__up__more__rulestoprotectanimalrights.3．在海边度假很有趣。It’sfunspending__the__holidayatthebeach.4．我们正忙着为即将到来的考试做准备。Wearebusypreparing__for__the__ing__exam．5．那两个违反校规的学生很幸运没有受到惩罚。Thetwostudentswhohadbrokentheschoolruleswereluckyenoughtoescape__being__punished．eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．Talking(talk)withyourkidhearttoheartisveryimportant.2．Swimming(swim)isnotonlygoodexercisebutalsoaveryusefulskill.3．Itisnopleasurestaying(stay)athomedoinghomeworkallday.4．Myfathersuggestedreading(read)morebooksinmysparetime.5．Toavoidbeing__seen(see)bytheteacher,Tonystoleintotheclassroombythebackdoor.6．Thegirlstoppedrunning(run)andpickedupawalletfromtheground.7．Mr.Leedevotedmanyyearstoimproving(improve)thesystem.8．Someofthechildrenareshyandtheyhavesomedifficultyinmaking(make)friends.9．To__get(get)theposition,shedevotedherselftomanagingtopletemountainsofextrawork.10．ThecoupleweregladtohavetheopportunitytovisitMontrealanddidn’tregrettaking(take)thetrip.11．Theemployeewhohadahighfeverfinallyagreedto__ask(ask)permissionforahalfday’sleavetohaveagoodrest.12．Istillrememberbeing__invited(invite)todinnerinKitty’shousewhenIwasonlyfiveyearsold.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)阅读理解Theoldestdesert(沙漠)intheworldisinNamibia(acountryinAfrica).ThedesertiscalledtheNamibDesert.Thisdesertisbelievedtobenearly40millionyearsold!Itistrulyanancientdesert.TheNamibDeserthassomeoftheworld’sbiggestsanddunes(沙丘).Thedunestowerhighintothesky.Onedune,called“BigDaddy”，isalmost1，200feet(365meters)high!Thismeans“BigDaddy”isbiggerthana100­storybuilding!Peoplecanclimb“BigDaddy”.Onemanclimbedtothedune’screst,ortop.Nearthecrest,themanhadtoclimbonallfours!Hehadtousehishandstopreventhimselffromslidingdown.TheNamibDesert’sancientdunesvaryincolor.Whensomethingvaries,itchangesandbeesdifferent.TheNamibDesertdunesvaryfromorangetored.Duringtheday,thesurfacetemperatureofthesanddunesheatsup.Thesurfacetemperaturecanheatupto54℃.Whatdoesonelizard(蜥蜴)dotokeepitsfeetcool?Itstandsononlytwofeetatatime!Itjumpsfrompairtopair!Thisallowsthefeetintheairtocooloff.Whenthisisn’tenough,thelizarddivesintothesand.Itdigsdowntowherethesandiscooler.Littlewaterfallsonthedunes.Oftenthereislessthanhalfaninch(1.3centimeters)ofrainayear.Whatdoesoneduneplantdoforwater?Itusesthemorningfog(雾)!ThefogesfromtheAtlanticOceannearby.Itrollsacrossthedunes.Theplant’sleavesarefilledwithemptyspaces.Theemptyspacestakeindroplets(小水珠)ofthewater.Theplantcansurviveyearswithoutrainbytakinginthefogdroplets.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上最古老的沙漠——纳米布沙漠。1．WhatistheNamibDesertmostfamousfor?A．Itsoldage. B．Itsbigsize.C．Itslocation. D．Itsanimals.A解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的oldest和ancient可知，纳米布沙漠是世界上最古老的沙漠，因此它以其年代久远闻名于世。2．Whydoestheauthormentionthemanclimber?A．Toshowitisfuntoclimbdunes.B．Toshowthepopularityof“BigDaddy”．C．Toshow“BigDaddy”isthehighestdune.D．Toshowthedifficultyofclimbing“BigDaddy”．D解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的themanhadtoclimbonallfours!Hehadtousehishandstopreventhimselffromslidingdown可知，攀爬“大老爹”沙丘还是具有挑战性的。3．HowdoesalizardintheNamibDesertdealwiththeheat?A．Ittouchesthesandwithaslittleofitsbodyaspossible.B．Itkeepsjumpingfromonecoolplacetoanother.C．Itjumpsashighaspossibleintotheair.D．Itstaysinsidethesandthewholeday.A解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Itstandsononlytwofeetatatime!Itjumpsfrompairtopair!Thisallowsthefeetintheairtocooloff.可知，蜥蜴一次只有两只脚着地，这样轮换着来让脚凉快点。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Theduneplantlivesontherain.B．ItrainsoftenintheNamibDesert.C．TheNamibDesertisacoastaldesert.D．Plantscanseldombeseenonmostdunes.C解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的ThefogesfromtheAtlanticOceannearby.可知，纳米布沙漠是一个海滨沙漠。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空Peopleareoftenencouragedtomakefriendswiththeirenemy(敌人),butthehighschoolstudentXavierStaubsdidmorethanthat.He__1__theother’slife.Ataswimminggame,the15­year­oldboyrescueda__2__underwater.Itwasaregularswimminggame.Xavierwas__3__becausehehadpracticedforalongtime.Asexpected,he__4__hispartwitheaseinthe200­meterrelay(接力比赛).Whenhewasresting,heheardsomepeople__5__anxiously.Xavierturnedbackandnoticedthataboyintheneighboringlane(泳道)was__6__.Seeingthis,havingno__7__toconsidermore,Xavierdivedbackintothepoolimmediatelyand__8__theboyouttothesafetyzone.__9__，theboyhadnothingseriousandstartedbreathingonhisown.Xavier’s__10__gottheattentionofRepresentativeJohnMoolenaar.HewantedtorewardXavierwithrecognition(表彰)thatwouldbekeptonrecordintheLibraryofCongress.AtlunchtimeonTuesday,Xavier__11__Moolenaarwasingtomeethim.“We’veheardthestory.Ithinkwereallyshould__12__whathedid，”MoolenaartoldCNN.“Weoftenhearabouttragediesand__13__situations，”Moolenaarsaid,“butthiswassuchapowerful__14__ofonestudenthelpinganother__15__thetwoboyswerepetitors.”However,Xavier’smother,JillianStaubs,saidshewasnot__16__.Jilliansaidshehadbeentryingto__17__herchildrenlikewhatherparentsdid.Herparentsalwaystoldherandhersistersnottobeepeoplewhojust__18__themselves.AndXavierperformedsucha__19__act,whichactuallywassomethingshewasusedtohearingabout.Xavierisnotonlyagreat__20__butalsoadancer,bandmemberandastraight­Astudent.Andnow,ahero.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位高中生挽救了一名同时参加游泳比赛而溺水的对手的故事。1．A.wasted B．recordedC．saved D．startedC解析：根据the15­year­oldboyrescued...及后文的内容可知，Xavier挽救(saved)了溺水的对手的生命。2．A.partner B．strangerC．volunteer D．petitorD解析：根据文章第一句话及后文的内容可知，本文讲的是对手之间的故事，Xavier救的人是跟他一起参加游泳比赛的竞争者(petitor)。3．A.afraid B．confidentC．stubborn D．determinedB解析：根据后文的becausehehadpracticedforalongtime及withease可知，Xavier练习了很久，所以很有信心(confident)。4．A.forgot B．missedC．organized D．pletedD解析：根据后文的Whenhewasresting...可知，Xavier完成了(pleted)200米接力赛中他负责的那一部分。5．A.shouting B．fightingC．begging D．plainingA解析：根据anxiously及后文的内容可知，有人溺水了，Xavier应该是听到人们着急大喊(shouting)。6．A.rushing B．waitingC．practicing D．strugglingD解析：根据语境可知，那个学生溺水了，应该是在水里挣扎(struggling)。7．A.energy B．timeC．power D．freedomB解析：根据Xavierdivedbackintothepoolimmediately...可知，情况危急，Xavier没有时间(time)思考，立即跳下水去救人。8．A.drove B．threwC．pulled D．pressedC解析：根据theboyouttothesafetyzone可知，Xavier应该是把溺水者从泳池拖(pulled)到安全区域。9．A.Naturally B．HonestlyC．Seriously D．FortunatelyD解析：根据theboyhadnothingseriousandstartedbreathingonhisown可知，庆幸的是(Fortunately)，溺水者没有大碍，还能自己呼吸。10．A.action B．discoveryC．experience D．achievementA解析：根据语境可知，Xavier的行为(action)受到了Moolenaar的关注。11．A.noticed B．learnedC．realized D．admittedB解析：根据Moolenaarwasingtomeethim可知，Xavier得知(learned)Moolenaar要来见他。12．A.judge B．thankC．praise D．discussC解析：根据上文的HewantedtorewardXavierwithrecognition(表彰)thatwouldbekeptonrecordintheLibraryofCongress.可知，Moolenaar认为应该表扬(praise)Xavier的行为。13．A.unknown B．unsuitableC．unpleasant D．unavoidableC解析：根据Weoftenhearabouttragedies...可知，我们经常听到的都是悲剧，都是令人不快的(unpleasant)情况。14．A.example B．traditionC．accident D．argumentA解析：根据onestudenthelpinganother...可知，与我们经常听到的悲剧故事不同，这是一个强有力的帮助他人的例子(example)。15．A.asif B．incaseC．nowthat D．even