宾补及主谓一致

牛津高中英语(模块三·高一下学期)AdvancewithEnglishGrammarandusageUnit3Backtothepast课件描述：

通过设计的活动和练习学习三个语法项目：宾语补足语，either…or…andneither…nor…和主谓一致。WeconsiderourEnglishteacher…WefindourEnglishteacher…WebelieveourEnglishteacher…WhatdoyouthinkofyourEnglishteacher?WhatdoyoucallyourEnglishteacher?WecallourEnglishteacher…consider+sb.+n./adj.find+sb.+n./adj.believe+sb.+n./adj.call+sb.+n.Objectcomplement

1.Anobjectcomplementgivesinformationabouttheobject.2.Anobjectcomplementalwaysoccursinthispattern:verb+object+objectcomplement3.Anobjectcomplementcanbeanoun,anounphrase,anadjective,ato-infinitive,abareinfinitive,oraprepositionalphrase.可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：1、名词：

Wemadehimourmonitor.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.注①：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：

call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,feel等。注②：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，如：

TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.2、形容词：

Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.We’dbetterleavethedooropen.注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：

believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,以及paint,drive,turn,cut等。3、现在分词：

I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：5、过去分词：

HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt.

6．此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：

Whendoyouwantitback?Whydidn’tyouinvitethemin?Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.4、动词不定式：

Nobodycouldmakehimchangehismind.Wouldyoulikemetocomealongwithyou?Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe.可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：1.当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系（或称表语关系），若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：

Wemadehimourmonitor.(Heisourmonitor.)Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.(Yourroomiscleanandtidy.)Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.(Thechildrenareatplayoutside.)宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：2.当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：

IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Ididn’twantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.)(1)Wemadehim________ofourStudents’Union.(2)Ifindthenovel______________________.(3)Pleasekeepthecat____.(4)Iamoftenkept_______alldaylongonSunday.Moreexampleswithanobjectcomplementchairmaninterestingandamusingoutathome---Ihavegotoneticketforthebasketballmatch._____you__yourdesk-matecanhaveit.---IsitonSaturdayoronSunday?---ItisonnextMonday.---Oh,whatapity.Iamafraid______I___mydesk-matecanenjoyit.EitherneitherEither…or…andneither…nor…ornor(1)Either…or…

canbeusedtoexpresstheideaofalternatives.e.g.YoucanchooseeitherAorB,whichmeansyouhavetwochoices,i.e,youcanchooseanyoneofthetwo.Situation---WhichlanguagecanIusetogreetyou?(inEnglish/inChinese)---YoucangreetuseitherinEnglishorinChinese.(2)Neither…nor…

canbeusedtojointwonegativeideastogether.e.g.NeitherAnorBisproperinquestionone,whichmeansAisnotproper,andBisnotpropereither.Situation---DoyouspeakFrenchorSpanish?---IspeakneitherFrenchnorSpanish.Subject-verbagreement语法一致意义一致邻近一致语法一致主语是一个单数名词，一个不可数名词，一个动名词短语，一个不定式短语或一个从句时，多用单数形式；主语是复数名词，两个或两个以上动名词短语，不定式短语或从句时，多用复数形式。Eg.MostLondenersarenothappywiththeidea.GivingupusingtheNetisthebestdecisionI’veevermade.语法一致主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,besides,like,but,except,including,inadditionto,suchas,ratherthan等，不影响主语的人称和数，谓语动词的人称和数根据主语的人称和数来确定。Eg.Thestudents,togetherwiththeirteacher,aregoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.Pronunciation,aswellasgrammarandvocabulary,changesveryquicklyfromoneareatoanother.语法一致主语是one,another,theother,either,each,somebody,anybody,everybody,nobody,someone,anyone,everyone,noone,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，谓语动词用单数形式。Eg.NobodyknowsexactlyhowmanyspeciesofplantsandanimalsthereareonEarth.Everyonewascalm.OneisfromtheUSAandtheothertwoarefromtheUK.语法一致主语是glasses,shorts,shoes,gloves,scissors,trousers等复数名词时，用复数形式。若前有“pair/kind/type…+of”时，谓语动词的数一般与pair,kind,type等的数一致。Eg.Thetrousersareallright.Nowpleasetryontheshirt.Apairofshoesislyingunderthebed.意义一致主语是maths,physics,politics等名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。主语是people(人们),police,cattle,poultry(家禽)等名词时，用复数形式。主语是audience,class,crowd,committee,family,group,team等名词时，如果作为整体看待，用单数。如果当作个体看，用复数。Aherdofcattle,twentyheadofcattle意义一致主语是不定代词all,some,any,neither,more,most,therest,half等时，若指代不可数名词，用单数；若指代复数名词，用复数。Eg.Someofthemountainsaredeadvolcanoes.Allofthisiswonderful,butthebestpartofthefilmistheacting.意义一致主语是deer,fish,sheep,means,series,species,headquarters,works,Chinese,Japanese等词时，要视其意义来确定谓语用单数还是复数。Eg.Theseartworks(艺术品)arenotalldisplayedatthesametime.Thesteelworks(厂子)liesintheeastofthetown.意义一致主语是“分数词+of+名词”时，要根据of后的名词来确定谓语的单复数。名词为不可数或可数名词的单数时，谓语用单数；名词为名词复数时，谓语用复数形式。Eg.Forexample,80%ofemailsontheInternetareinEnglish.AbouttwothirdsoftheEarth’ssurfaceiscoveredbytheseaswhicharehometomillionsofspeciesofplantsandanimals.意义一致主语是表示时间，距离，重量，金额等的复数名词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。Eg.Twentyyearsisn’talongtime.Tenpoundsisenough.并列主语“名词+and+名词”结构表示同一个人，同一件事或同一种概念时，谓语用单数。Eg.Breadandmilkishealthyfood.Myfriendandguide,WangPing,wasveryunderstandingandgavemesomegreentablets.意义一致Each/every+单数名词+and+单数名词Each/every+单数名词+and+each/every+单数名词,作主语时，谓语用单数形式。Eg.Inotherwords,everyactionandmovementinBeijingOperaisimportant.Eachboyandeachgirlhasabeautifuldream.意义一致Anumberof/thenumberofAquantityof+不可数名词，作主语时，谓语用单数；aquantityof+可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语用复数。Quantitiesof+不可数名词/可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语用复数。Eg.Alargequantityofmilkwasreportednotthereachthestandard.Alargequantityofdrugswerefoundinhisroom.Quantitiesofnutsareonthetable.邻近一致当or,either…or,neither…nor,whether…or,notonly…but(also)等连接词并列的主语时，谓语动词的单复数与邻近主语一致。Eg.EitheryouorIammad.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMaryaretiedofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.邻近一致由here或there引起的倒装句中，主语不止一个时，谓语动词的单复数通常和邻近的主语保持一致。Eg.Thereweretwowornarmchairs,afewshabbycushions(破烂的靠垫),anelectrickettletoheatwateroftea,somepostersfordecorationbutnocurtains.Thereisalsoalovelycaféandrestaurantsthere.邻近一致Morethanone+单数名词与manya+单数名词，作主语时，在意义上都是复数，但谓语动词要用单数，这是由与其邻近的单复数名词决定的。Eg.Morethanoneworkerhasbeenfired.Manyastudenthasfailedintheexam.MultipleChoice

1.Nobodybutthem_____toknowaboutthematter.

A.wantB.wantsC.havewantedD.werewanted2.20%oftheworkofthewholeyear___finishedbytheirgrouplastmonth.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wereD.wasBD3.Aknifeandfork____onthetable.

A.isB.are

C.hasbeenD.havebeen4.Neitherhisparentsnorhiswife____anythingaboutit.

A.knowB.knows

C.haveknownD.isknown5.Fivedollars____toomuchforaticket.

A.seemsB.seem

C.seemtobeD.areABA6.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudents______thechange.

A.objecttoB.objectsto

C.objectD.objects7.Everymeans________triedsincethen.

A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.areD.is8.

Thispairoftrousers________mysister.

A.isbelongtoB.arebelongC.belongtoD.belongsto9.

Ourteam________defeatedbytheirslastSunday.

A.wasB.hadbeen

C.hasbeenD.havebeenAADAI,who

ateachermustbestrictandcarefulineverything.A.is B.am2.What

thepopulationofBeijing?A.is B.are3.TheChinese

agreatpeople.A.is B.are4.Awomanwithababy

cominghere.A.isB.are5.Thegirlaswellastheboys

learnedtodriveacar.A.hasB.have6.Tofinishthework

hardwork.A.needs B.need7.Noteacherandstudent

intheschool.A.is B.are8.Whe