2022年4月自考00600高级英语真题试卷

2022年4月自考00600高级英语真题试卷I.Eachofthefollowingsentencesisgivenfourchoicesofwordsorexpressions.Choose

therightonetocompletethesentenceandwritethecorrespondingletteronyour

AnswerSheet.(15points,1pointforeach)1.ThelightingoftheOlympictorch

_____peaceandfriendshipamongthenationsoftheworld.A.symbolizesB.epitomizesC.synchronizesD.characterizes2.Thereissome

___intheofficeaboutwhothenewdirectorwillbe.A.comprehensionB.disappointmentC.apprehensionD.estrangement3.Weweresoonboredaswehadtolistentothe

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detailsofhisoperation.A.tentativeB.tenaciousC.tediousD.tenuous4.Women'svoicesonly

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onafewsubjectssuchasbeautycontests,sexworkers,andalltodowiththehome.A.contractB.resumeC.superviseD.predominate5.Whencleaningyourhands,rememberto

___allsurfaces,includingthebacksofyourhands,wrists,betweenyourfingers,andunderyourfingernails.A.sweepB.scrubC.purifyD.groom6.Generallyspeaking,largepaintingscanhelp

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thefeelingofspaceinsmallrooms.A.raiseB.enhanceC.deepenD.increase7.Alicedidnotlookafterhim,butslowlywoundalongthe

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countryroaddowntothesouth.A.distortedB.twinedC.deformedD.crooked8.Therejectionofsuchinitiativesis

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indicatingthatvotersareunconcernedabouttheenvironment.A.inthemeansofB.bymeansofC.beyondyourmeansD.bynomeans9.Theworryingtrendofyouthsmokinghastobehalted.Otherwise,manychildrenwill

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it.A.fallvictimtoB.becreditedwithC.takeadvantageofD.beexhaustedfrom10.Byclosingtheinfectedfarmswe'rehopingto

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thediseasetothenorthoftheregion.A.limitB.localizeC.confineD.encircle11.Johnisaveryprivateperson-formostofthetime,he,

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himself.A.keepstoB.keepsfromC.keepsupwithD.keepsdownto12.Smithcarefully

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theloosehairsfromtheshouldersofhisjacket.A.pluckedB.flickedC.wrestedD.dragged13.Thenewlypublishedbookbearssomestriking___

tolastyear'sbestseller.A.identityB.superiorityC.similarityD.uniformity14.Ifanyofthesesymptoms

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whileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.A.occurB.happenC.concurD.heighten15.Thecarcomesina

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ofcolors,whichisnotgoodnewsforcustomerswhohavedifficultiesinmakingdecisions.A.pyramidB.pygmyC.mystiqueD.myriadReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandcompletethesucceedingthreeitemsII,II,IV.(1)Theconfidencepeopleplaceinscienceisfrequentlybasednotonwhatitreallyis,butonwhatpeoplewouldlikeittobe.WhenIaskedstudentsatthebeginningoftheyearhowtheywoulddefinescience,manyofthemrepliedthatitisanobjectivewayofdiscoveringcertaintiesabouttheworld.Butsciencecannotprovidecertainties.Forexample,amajorityofAmericanstrustscienceaslongasitdoesnotchallengetheirexistingbeliefs.Tothequestion“Whensciencedisagreeswiththeteachingsofyourreligion,whichonedoyoubelieve?,"58percentofNorthAmericansfavorreligion;33percentscience;and6percentsay“itdepends."(2)Butdoubtinscienceisafeature,notabug.Indeed,theparadoxisthatscience,whenproperlyfunctioning,questionsacceptedfactsandyieldsbothnewknowledgeandnewquestions-notcertainty.Doubtdoesnotcreatetrust,nordoesithelppublicunderstanding.Sowhyshouldpeopletrustaprocessthatseemstorequireatroublesome.stateofuncertaintywithoutalwaysprovidingsolidsolutions?(3)Asahistorianofscience,Iwouldarguethatit'stheresponsibilityofscientistsandhistoriansofsciencetoshowthattherealpowerofscienceliespreciselyinwhatisoftenperceivedasitsweakness:itsdrivetoquestionandchallengeahypothesis.Indeed,thescientificapproachrequireschangingourunderstandingofthenaturalworldwhenevernewevidenceemergesfromeitherexperimentationorobservation.Scientificfindingsarehypothesesthatencompassthestateofknowledgeatagivenmoment.Inthelongrun,manyofthemarechallengedandevenoverturned.Doubtmightbetroubling,butitimpelsustowardsabetterunderstanding;certainties,asreassuringastheymayseem,infactunderminethescientificprocess.(4)Scientistsunderstandthis,butinthedynamicbetweenthepublicandscience,therearetwosignificantpitfalls.(5)Thefirstisaformofblindscientism-thatis,abeliefinthecapacityofsciencetosolveallproblems.Thepopularnarrativeofscienceislinear,embodiedbyheroicresearcherswhoworkselflesslyforthegoodofhumanity.Indeed,somescientistspromotethisattractivepublicimageoftheirwork.Butthisnarrativeignorestheubiquityofcontroversy,conflictanderrorattheveryheartofthescientificworld.Suchanidealizedrepresentationtendstoturmscienceintoanunquestionablesetofbeliefs.Infact,however,thepowerofscienceliespreciselyinitscapacitytogeneratediscussionandevendiscord.(6)Thesecondpifallisaformofrelativismborneoutofalackofconfidenceintheveryexistenceoftruth.Itdevelopswhenscienceisdivorcedfrommethodandviewedasjustanotherclaiminthemarketplaceofideas.APewResearchstudyshowsthat35percentofAmericansthinkthescientificmethodcanbeusedtoproduce“anyresultaresearcherwants."Oncethescientificapproachhasbeendelegitimized,thenallhypotheses,includingthemostoutlandishandirrationalones,canbetakenascredible.So,hiddeninthisconceitofademocratic“marketplaceofideas"isaparticularlyvirulentformofrelativismthatapproachesnihilism.(7)Suchexamplesofrelativismaboutissuesincludingclimatechangeand,mostrecently,theCOVID-19pandemic-havesignificantlycontributedtotheproliferationoffakenewsandconspiracytheories.ThediffusionoffakenewsisfacilitatedbythedifficultyofalargemajorityofAmericansindistinguishingbetweenfactandopinion.Factualnewscanbeprovedordisprovedbyobjectiveevidence,whileopinionisanexpressionofthebeliefsandvaluesofthespeaker.(8)Inanefforttocombatmisinformation,scientistsmayovercompensatebyacceleratingtheirresearch.orpublicizingtheirfindingsprematurely.Thiscanspurdialogueaboutscience,butwithserioussideeffects.Thescientificprocessitselfhasbeencalledintoquestionduringthepandemicincaseswheretheveryinstitutionsandpeerreviewprocessthatweresupposedtocheckscientificresultsfailedtodetectscams.(9)Sohowtoregainpublictrustinsciencewhenthepublicislookingforcertaintiesandwhenthosewhoaresupposedtoimpersonatedoubtseemtobefickleordogmatic?Amorerealisticunderstandingofhowscienceworkscancontributetoabettercomprehensionofthedecisiveroleofdoubtandskepticisminthescientificprocess.Indeed,scienceisnotalinearpathleadingfromonesuccesstoanother,butratheraconstantrevaluationof

hypotheses.Failuresarepartofthescientificprocessandshouldbetaughtalongwithsuccesses.(10)Itis,therefore,notsomuchthecontentofscientificdiscoveriesthatshouldbehighlighted,buttheunderstandingofthescientificprocessitselfthatmustbeenhanced.Nooneexpectsthepublicatlargetofullyunderstandalldiscoveriesorto.beabletoarbitratebetweenpossibletreatments.Butwhatmustbereaffirmedisthatinscience,doubtisnotavulnerabilitybutastrength.Thescientificapproachoftenleadstodeadends,butsometimesitleadstofundamentaldiscoveriesthatnootherapproachhaseverachieved.II.Inthissection,therearetenincompletestatementsorquestions,followedbyfour

chocesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestanswerandwritethecorresponding

letteronyourAnswerSheet.(20points,2pointsforeach)16.MostAmericansbelieveinsciencewhenA.ittellsthemthetruthsoftheworldB.itgivesthemtheconfidencetheyneedC.itisconsistentwiththeirexistingbeliefsD.itconfirmstheircertaintiesabouttheworld17.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph3?A.Historiansaretofindtheweaknessofscience.B.Scientificfindingsareinfrequentlychallenged.C.Uncertaintiespreventsciencefromprogressing.D.Doubtfostersabetterunderstandingoftheworld.18.InParagraph5.theword“ubiquity"meansA.beingpresenteverywhereB.thedistinctcharacterC.beingthespecificoneD.theinherentquality19.AccordingtoParagraph5.theauthortendstoagreethatA.researchersareusuallyselflessheroesB.weshouldnotholdfirmbeliefinscienceC.thereshouldbenoerrorinscientificworkD.scienceneedsdiscussionanddisagreement20.InParagraph6.theword“divorced"means.A.derivedB.preventedC.separatedD.generated21.ThestudymentionedinParagraph6showsthatsomeAmericansbelievethatA.manyseeminglyoutlandishhypothesesareactuallycredibleB.theso-callednihilismispracticallyavariedformofrelativismC.scholarscanmanipulatethescientificmethodtoyielddesiredresultsD.ademocraticmarketplaceofideasisusuallyhiddenbehindrelativism22.InParagraph9.theword“fickle”meansA.sensitiveB.changingfrequentlyC.innovativeD.notcaringaboutothers23.Inwhichofthefollowingmightthispassagemostlikelyappear?A.Ajournal.B.Acircular.C.Ananthology.D.Abrochure.24.Whatistheauthor'stoneinwritingthispassage?A.Sarcastic.B.Objective.C.Passionate.D.Humorous.25.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.WhatBlindScientismIsB.TheImportanceofScienceC.ScienceVersusReligionD.DoubtIsEssentialtoScienceIII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwritethetranslationonyourAnswerSheet.(10points,2pointsforeach)26.Sowhyshouldpeopletrustaprocessthatseemstorequireatroublesomestateofuncertaintywithoutalwaysprovidingsolidsolutions?27.Scientistsunderstandthis,butinthedynamicbetweenthepublicandscience,therearetwosignificantpitfalls.28.ThediffusionoffakenewsisfaciltatedbythedificultyofalargemajorityofAmericansindistinguishingbetweenfactandopinion.29.Inanefforttocombatmisinformation,scientistsmayovercompensatebyacceleratingtheirresearch,orpublicizingtheirfindingsprematurely.30.Nooneexpectsthepublicatlargetofullyunderstandalldiscoveriesortobeabletoarbitratebetweenpossibletreatments.IV.AnswerthefollowingessayquestioninEnglishwithin80-100words.WriteyouransweronyourAnswerSheet.(10points)31.Howdoesscienceinfluenceyourlife?V.Thefollowingparagraphsaretakenfromthetextbooks,followedbyalistofwordsor

expressionsmarkedAtoY.Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachofthesentences

andwritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.Onewordorexpression

foreachblankonly.(25points,1pointforeach)SheappealedtomebecauseshewaslikepeopleIhad

________metpersonally.LikewomeninEnglishnovelswhowalkedthemoors(whatevertheywere)withtheir

________dogsracingatarespectfuldistance.Likethewomenwhosatinfrontof

________fireplaces,drinkingtea

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fromsilvertraysfullofsconesandcrumpets.Womenwhowalkedoverthe“heath"andreadmorocco-boundbooksandhadtwolastnames

________byahyphen.Toshareabedroomwithoneofthesefellowsistoloseone's

________

inhumannature,for,evenafterthemost

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day,thereisnocomparingnotes

________them,nomidnightconfidence,nocastingupthebalanceoftheday'spleasureandpain.They

________

，atonce,intostupid,heavyslumber,leavingyoutoyourownmentaldevices.Andtheyallsnore

________!Theseniorpartnerstudiedtheresumeforthe

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timeandagainfoundnothinghe

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aboutMitchellY.McDeere,atleastnotonpaper.Hehadthebrains,theambition,thegoodlooks.Andhewashungry;withhisbackground,hehadtobe.Hewasmarried,andthatwas

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.Thefimalsofrowned

________ondivorce,aswellas

________

anddrinking.Attheverytop,ofcourse,arethosepeople,mostlyyoungandwithout

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,towhomthecompanyisnot

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aninstitutionofanysacredmeritbutstillonlyaplacetowork，andwho

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theirpresentassociationwithitassomething

________Iputthesepeopleatthetopbecauseifyouaskedanyoneofthemifhewouldchoosetospendtherestofhislifeworkingforthecompany,hewouldgiveyou