2024版新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习课时天天练30Unit4AdversityandCourage新人教版选择性必修第三册

课时天天练(三十)UNIT4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGEⅠ.阅读理解A[2023·广东省六校第一次联考]TheideaofclimbingMt.Qomolangmadisgustedme.ThemountaincametorepresenttheoppositeofeverythingthatIlovedandrespectedaboutclimbing.Whathadoncebeenthefinalmountainclimbinggoalbecamethefocusofacommercialguidingindustry.Overtheyears,thecrowdsatBaseCampgrew,leavingbehindtonsoftrash.WheneverIwasaskedwhetherI'dclimbMt.Qomolangma,myanswerwasalwaysthesame:notinterested.ThatwasprobablywheremypersonalMt.Qomolangmastorywouldhaveended,wereitnotforanoldfriendandhisobsession(迷恋)withoneofthegreatestmysteries.In1999,ThomPollardbegantoexploreandfoundtheremainsofGeorgeMallory,thecelebratedBritishclimberwhodisappearedwhilehewasattemptingtobethefirsttoclimbMt.Qomolangma.ButMallory'spartner,SandyIrvine,andthecamerahehadlikelycarried,werenotfound.Themountainclimbingworldhasbeenwonderingwhethertheymighthavereachedthetopin1924.Pollard'sstorymovedme.Ibegantopackfortheclimbandexpectedthatouradvancedequipmentwouldmakeitmanageable,perhapseasy.Iwaswrong.Onthehighestpointontheplanet,IwasmoretiredthanI'deverbeeninanyclimbing.Alongtheway,Icontinuouslytipped__my__hat,__notjusttoMalloryandIrvinebuttoanyonewhohasthedrivetopushhimselforherselfupthisroute.Mysearchwasinvain,butIbegantoreconsiderMt.Qomolangma.Iwitnessedmanyclimbers,whoweremuchmorethanjustself­centeredtourists.Wesharedrouteinformation,weatherforecasts,andfamilyphotos—allunitedaroundacommongoal.IwenttoMt.QomolangmatoseekIrvine.Butintheend,Ifoundsomethingmoredifficulttoget:thespiritthatIrvineandMalloryshared.Itwashidinginplainsight,rightwhereithasalwaysbeen:insidethebravesoulswhorisksomuchtofollowinstoriedadventurers'footstepsupMt.Qomolangma.1．WhatisthemainreasonwhytheauthorhatedclimbingMt.Qomolangma?A．Hechangedhisclimbinggoal.B．Mt.Qomolangmawasseriouslypollutedbytrash.C．Mt.Qomolangmabecameanindustrytomakemoney.D.Themountainwastoocrowdedwithclimbers.2．WhydidtheauthorclimbMt.Qomolangmalater?A．Becausehedesiredtochallengehimself.B．BecausehegotmotivatedbyThomPollard.C．Becausehisoldfriendpersuadedhimtoclimbagain.D．BecausehewantedtofollowthefootstepsofMalloryandIrvine.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tippedmyhat”inParagraph3mean?A．Expressedmygratitude.B．Provedmydetermination.C．Relievedthetiredness.D．Showedmyrespect.4．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Admirationfortheclimbers.B．Concernabouttherisk.C．Confidenceinthejourney.D．HopeforMt.Qomolangma'sfuture.B[2023·辽宁省五校联考]Lizard(蜥蜴)speciesmayalreadyhavedeclinedpastthepointofnoreturnintheworld.Whatisthereason?Risingtemperatures.Researchersestimatethatasmuchas39percentoflizardspeciesworldwidewillhavediedoutby2080.Theproblemisthattemperaturesinmanyregionswherelizardslivehavechangedtoofastfortheanimalstokeeppace.BarrySinervofromtheDepartmentofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiologyattheUniversityofCaliforniainSantaCruz,alongwithcolleaguesfromacrosstheglobe,reachedthatconclusionbytakingcurrentdataonMexicanlizards.Theyalsoestimatedthat4percentoflocalspecieshavealreadydisappearedworldwide.Thatnumbercouldjumpto20percentby2080ifcarbondioxidelevelsaren'tloweredtoreducewarming.Theteamlooked48speciesoftheSceloporuslizardat200sitesaroundMexico.Thesiteswerefirstsampledfrom1975to2009.By2010,researcherscouldnotfindlizardsat12percentofthosesites.Lizardsthatraisetheiryoungareespeciallyattheriskofdyingout,theresearcherspointout,comparedtothosethatlayeggs.“Young­raisershavelowerbodytemperaturesthatheightentheriskofdying，”Sinervosaidinastatement.“Wearewatchingthesespeciesdisappearbeforeoureyes.”Althoughcurrentevidenceshowsthatclimatechangeisaffectingthehabitatrangesofmanyspecies,therearestillalotofuncertaintiesabouthowmuchclimatechangewillaffectspecies,researcherssay.ManyMexicanlizardspeciesliveinhighaltitude“islands”，whereclimatechangehappensthefastest.Thelizardscannotadjustfastenoughtosurvive.Thescientistssaytheydonotthinktheanimalsarelikelytosavethemselvesjustbymovingsomewhereelse,either.“HowquicklycanEarth'slizardsadapttotherisingglobaltemperatures?That'stheimportantquestion，”Sinervosaidinapressrelease.“Weareactuallyseeinglowlandspeciesmovingupward,slowlydrivinguplandspeciesoutoftheirhabitats.Iftheuplandspeciescan'tevolvefastenough,theywilldieout.”5．Whichofthefollowinglizardsfaceahigherriskofdyingout?A．Lizardsatlowaltitudes.B．Lizardsthatraisetheiryoung.C．Lizardsthatlayeggs.D．Lizardsinastableenvironment.6．WhatcanwelearnfromBarrySinervoandhiscolleagues?A．Theirconclusionisbasedoncurrentdataonvariouskindsoflizards.B．20percentoflocalspecieshavealreadydisappearedworldwide.C.Theyareuncertainabouthowmuchclimatechangewillaffectspecies.D．Theyareseeinghighlandspeciesmovingdownward.7．Whyistheuplandlizards'survivalaffectedgreatlybyclimatechange?A．Becauseoftheirlivinghabitats'destruction.B．Becauseoftheirlivingskills.C．Becauseofhighlandspeciesmovingdownward.D．Becauseoftheiradaptivecapacity.8．What'sthepurposeofthispassage?A．ToprovethatEarthisnotsuitableforlizards.B．Towarnthatlizardsmaydieoutquicklyduetoclimatechange.C．Toexplainwhynomorelizardswillbefoundby2080.D．Toemphasizethatthehabitatoflizardsischanginggreatly.[答题区]题号12345678答案Ⅱ.阅读七选五[2023·山东省潍坊市高三上学期期中]ToputintowordsmytimeinAntarcticaandSouthGeorgiaisnearlyimpossible.Ihadalwaysdescribeditasaonceinalifetimeexperience,butassoonasIsteppedfootonthecontinent,IimmediatelyknewIneededtoreturn.__1__About50%ofthepassengersofourexpedition(远征)hadbeentoAntarcticaatleastoncebefore.Thisgoestoshowjusthowmagicalofadestinationitis.Allyoursenseswillbestimulated...isthebestwayIcandescribethetimeonthewhitecontinent.Howtinyyoufeelnexttotoweringglaciersandicebergs.TheicywatermovingthroughyourbodyasyoutaketheinfamousPolarPlunge.Thelearningofheart­touchingstoriesofsurvivalfromexplorersofthepast.__2__Antarcticamakesyoufeelsosmallandinsignificant,inthebestway.__3__Yougetfrontrowseatstowitnessthemostincredibleshow:nature.Itisasmuchbeautifulasisitcruel.Likeseeingabrownskua(贼鸥)attackingapenguinchick.Yourheartaches.ThenyourexpeditionguideregretfullytellsyouthatachickthatissmallinMarchwouldhaveveryslimchancesofsurvivingtheupcomingwinter.Thecyclecontinues,andyou'releftwonderingwhotorootfor.ThingsmovefastinAntarctica,andeverymonthofferssomethingreallyuniqueandspecialtosee.InMarch,theweatherisabitmoreunpredictable,andtheseaiceisbeginningtoformagain.__4__Intwomoreweeks,expeditionshipswouldnotbeabletobreakthroughtheice.Thepenguinsarecompletingtheiryearlyfeather­changingprocess.__5__Theexpeditionteammadesurewekeptourdistanceanddidnotscarethemintohidingunderfreezingwater.Theseanimals,arguablythecutestyouwilleversee,survivesuchunfavorableenvironments.It'sabsolutelyincredibletowitnessthechallenges,theskill,theefforts,allofit.Iamforevergratefultohavebeenavisitor.A．Thelistgoeson.B．Butthisisnotalwaysthecase.C．Ourvoyagewasthelastoftheseason.D．Iwasnottheonlyonewhofeltthisway.E．I,yearslater,didreturntothisfascinatingplace.F．Theyarereallyweakduringthistime,andcannotdive.G．Everythinghasapurpose,andthecycleoflifeisevident.[答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________Ⅲ.语法填空[2023·嘉兴市高三基础测试]Chinahasseengreatbenefitssincethelaunchofitscarbontradingmarketayearago.Theprogramhasplayed1.________importantroleinraisinglow­carbonawareness.Althoughitonlygetsthepowergenerationindustryinvolvednow,theinitiativeofpricingcarbonemissions(排放物)hasboostedthe2.________(develop)ofcarbon­relatedservicesinindustriesbeyond.Rightnowmorethan9，800companiesareprovidingsuchservices,ofwhichover1，8003.________(establish)lastyear.Carbontradingistheprocessofbuyingandsellingpermitstosendoutgreenhousegases.Opened4.________July16,2021,themarketnowincludes5.________(national)2，162power­generatingcompanies,coveringabout4.5billiontonsofcarbonemissions.ThathasmadeChinatheworld's6.________(large)marketforcarbontrading.Theprogramputscarbonemissionlimitsoneveryunitofelectricityapowerplantgenerates.Aftereachcycleoftrading,companies7.________haveleftovercarbonallowances(限额)cansellthemtoothers.If8.________(fall)short,they'llhavetobuyallowances.Theprogramhasprovenitsvalueinmotivatingcompanies9.________(reduce)emissionsatalowercost.However,officialssayChinaneedstomakefurthereffortstoimprovethesupportsystems,getthemarkettorunsmoothly10.________enhancethequalityofcarbonemissiondata.[答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________6.________7．________8.________9.________10．________课时天天练(三十)Ⅰ.阅读理解A语篇类型：夹叙夹议文主题语境：人与自我——生活方式——攀登珠穆朗玛峰【语篇解读】在ThomPollard的激励下，作者开始攀登珠穆朗玛峰，但他发现这要比他想象中难。在攀登的过程中，作者感悟到了更重要的东西，并对那些冒着巨大风险追随传奇探险家的脚步而攀登珠穆朗玛峰的勇敢攀登者表达了钦佩之情。1．答案与解析：C理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“Whathadoncebeenthefinalmountainclimbinggoalbecamethefocusofacommercialguidingindustry”可知，曾经的最终登山目标成了商业向导行业的焦点。由此可知，作者讨厌攀登珠穆朗玛峰是因为它变成了一个赚钱的行业。故选C项。2．答案与解析：B理解具体信息。根据第三段中的“Pollard'sstorymovedme”可知，Pollard的故事打动了作者。由此可知，作者后来攀登珠穆朗玛峰是受到了ThomPollard的激励。故选B项。3．答案与解析：D理解词汇。根据第三段中的“Ibegantopackforthe...inanyclimbing”可知，作者本来以为先进的登山设备可以使攀登珠穆朗玛峰变得容易，但是事实证明，作者错了。在地球的最高点，作者感觉攀登珠穆朗玛峰比以往任何一次攀登都要累。再根据画线词后的“notjusttoMalloryandIrvinebuttoanyonewhohasthedrivetopushhimselforherselfupthisroute”可知，此处表示在攀登的过程中，作者一直在向Mallory、Irvine和所有有动力推动自己走上这条路的人致敬。故选D项。4．答案与解析：A理解段落主旨要义。根据最后一段中的“Itwashiding...footstepsupMt.Qomolangma”可知，Irvine、Mallory所分享的这种精神隐藏在显而易见的地方，就在它一直存在的地方：在那些冒着巨大风险追随传奇探险家的脚步而攀登珠穆朗玛峰的勇敢灵魂里。由此可推断，作者在最后对那些冒着巨大风险追随传奇探险家的脚步而攀登珠穆朗玛峰的勇敢攀登者表达了钦佩之情。故选A项。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然——保护环境——蜥蜴物种减少【语篇解读】本文介绍了由于气温上升，蜥蜴物种的数量可能已经减少到了不可逆转的地步。5．答案与解析：B理解具体信息。根据文章第四段首句“Lizardsthatraisetheiryoung...thatlayeggs”可知，与产蛋的蜥蜴相比，抚养小蜥蜴的那些蜥蜴灭绝的风险更大。故选B项。6．答案与解析：C理解具体信息。根据文章第五段中的“therearestill...species”可知，研究人员说气候变化影响物种的程度有多深仍有很多不确定性。故选C项。7．答案与解析：D推断。根据倒数第二段中的“ManyMexicanlizardspecies...adjustfastenoughtosurvive”可知，在高地气候变化很快，蜥蜴不能很快地适应、生存下去，所以高地蜥蜴这一群体的存活深受气候影响是因为它们的适应能力不足。故选D项。8．答案与解析：B理解目的。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了由于气温上升，蜥蜴物种的数量可能已经减少到了不可逆转的地步。从而可以推断出，此文的目的是警告人们由于气候变化，蜥蜴可能会很快灭绝。故选B项。Ⅱ.阅读七选五【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在南极洲的各种见闻以及在南极洲的感受。1．答案与解析：D根据上文“Ihadalwaysdescribeditasaonceinalifetimeexperience,butassoonasIsteppedfootonthecontinent,IimmediatelyknewIneededtoreturn.”以及下文内容“About50%ofthepassengersofourexpedition(远征)hadbeentoAntarcticaatleastoncebefore.Thisgoestoshowjusthowmagicalofadestinationitis.”可知，有很多人都不是第一次去南极洲，也就是想再去南极洲的人不止作者一个。故选D。2．答案与解析：A根据上文内容“Howtinyyoufeelnexttotoweringglaciersandicebergs.TheicywatermovingthroughyourbodyasyoutaketheinfamousPolarPlunge.Thelearningofheart­touchingstoriesofsurvivalfromexplorersofthepast.”可知，上文提到的是作者在南极洲时的各种体验。选项A“Thelistgoeson.(这样的例子不胜枚举。)”是对上文的总结，同时也说明作者的感慨颇多。3．答案与解析：G根据下文可知，大自然以自己的方式延续下去。选项G“Everythinghasapurpose,andthecycleoflifeisevident.(万物皆有目的，生命的循环是显而易见的。)”引出下文，与段意一致。4．答案与解析：C根据下文“Intwomoreweeks,expeditionshipswouldnotbeabletobreakthroughtheice.”可知，再过两个星期，探险船就无法进入南极洲。选项C与下文内容一致。5．答案与解析：F根据空前“Thepenguinsarecompletingtheiryearlyfeather­changingprocess.”以及下文“The