2024版新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习课时天天练28Unit2HealthyLifestyle新人教版选择性必修第三册

课时天天练(二十八)UNIT2HEALTHYLIFESTYLEⅠ.阅读理解A[2023·秦皇岛市部分学校复习联考(二)]It'snotjustinyourhead:adesiretocurluponthesofaafteradayspenttoilingatthecomputercouldbeaphysicalresponsetomentallydemandingwork,accordingtoastudythatlinksmentalexhaustiontochangesinbrainphysiologythatcausefeelingsoftiredness.ThestudywasconductedbyneuroscientistAntoniusWiehlerattheParisBrainInstituteandhiscolleagues.Tolearnthecauseofmentalexhaustion,theresearchteamenrolled40participantsandassigned24ofthemtoperformachallengingtask.Theseincludedlookingatacomputerscreenandmatchingdifferentlettersthatappeared.Theother16participantsdidasimilar,buteasiertask.Bothteamsworkedforsixhours,andhadtwoten­minutebreaks.Whilethestudyparticipantsfocusedontheirwork,Wiehlerandhisteamscannedtheglutamate(谷氨酸)inthebrainsoftheparticipants.Glutamateisanimportantsignallingmoleculeinthebrainthatworksinmemoryandlearning.Toomuchglutamatemayupsetthebrain'sfunctions,whichmeansthebrainistiredanditmustrest.Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantswholabouredonthemoredifficulttaskhadhigherlevelsofglutamateinthebrainthanthosewhoworkedontheeasiertask.Theresultsuggestedpeoplewhospendmorethansixhoursworkingonataskthatrequiresalotofthoughtaremorelikelytofeeltired.Andnowthatasystemhasbeenestablishedtomeasuremetabolic(新陈代谢的)changesinresponsetomentalfatigue,theteamhopetolearnmoreabouthowtorecoverfrommentalexhaustion.Whiletheresearchershaven'tworkedoutanewsolution,Wiehleroffersthat,“Iwouldemploygoodoldrecipes:restandsleep!Thereisgoodevidencethatglutamateiseliminatedfromaperiodofrest.Agoodnapcanbeasshortas20minutes,butcanmakeusfeeltotallyrefreshed.”1．WhatdoWiehlerandhiscolleaguestrytostudy?A．Whythinkinghardmakesusfeeltired.B．Whypeoplespendlongtimeonscreen.C．Whopreferstotakeachallengingtask.D．Howpeoplecanalternateworkwithrest.2．Whichtaskmaycausementalexhaustionmoreeasily?A．WatchingafunnymovieonTV.B．ClimbingtheMountainTaiover6hours.C.Involvingasimpleeconomic­relateddecision.D．Playingchessgamesonthecomputerfor7hours.3．WhatistheattitudeofWiehlertowardthesystem?A．Skeptical B．Negative.C．Indifferent. D．Supportive.4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Thereisnoneedtofindanewsolution.B．Itisnouseputtingthesystemintoreality.C.Furtherstudyisnecessaryformentalexhaustion.D．Anapisthebestwaytoreducethementaltiredness.B[2023·福建省百校联考高三上学期第一次联考]Isitpossibleforthehumanhearttoshrink(缩小)andifso,howdoesthischangeimpactthehumanbody?Recently,scientistshavediscoveredanunexpectedsimilaritybetweenlong­distanceswimmingandspendingalongdurationoftimeinspace—bothcancausethehumanhearttoshrinkovertime!ThesefindingswerebasedontheexperiencesofastronautScottBelly,whospent340daysinspacein2015,andBenoitLecomte,anathletewhoin2018swam1，753miles(about2，821km)acrossthePacificOceanin159days.Theabsenceofgravityinspacemeansthattheheartdoesnothavetoworkashardtopumpbloodthroughtheaorta(主动脉),thelargestbloodvesselthatsuppliesoxygentoallpartsofourbody.Asaresult,theheartlosesmusclemass,causingittoreduceinsize.ThestudywasconductedbyBenjaminLevine,aprofessorofinternalmedicineattheUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenter.HenotedthattheshrinkagewasseendespitethefactthatScottBellyexercisedeveryday.Activitiessuchaslong­distanceswimmingcancausethehearttochangesimilarly.Lecomtespent5.8hoursswimmingeverydayandthenanotherhourssleeping;therefore,hespentmoretimeinahorizontal(水平的)positionthanupright.Thisreducedtheforceofgravityactingonhisbody.Fortunately,whiletheheartdidshrinkinsizeforBellyandLecomte,itwasjustasstrongandcontinuedtofunctionnormallyforbothmen.Andinbothcases,theheartregaineditsoriginalmassandsizeafterareturntonormaldailylives.ThisstudyiscrucialasNASApreparestosendastronautstoMarsinthe2030s.ProfessorLevineisworkingwithNASAonaprogramcalledcypher,whichhopestocollectmorein­formationbyfollowingtenmoreastronauts'year­longtripsaswellasconductingresearchonshortertripstospace.5．WhatdoBellyandLecomtehaveincommon?A.Theirheartsoncebecamesmallerthanbefore.B．Theirheartsarestrongerthancommonpeople.C．Theirheartsmayneverreturntonormal.D．Theirheartsmayhavetoworkharder.6．Whatcausesthechangeoftheheartinspace?A．ThelackofexerciseB．Thelackofgravity.C．Thesleepingposition.D．Thepsychologicalpressure.7．Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A．Thelimitationofthestudy.B．Theprocessofthestudy.C．Thedetailsofthestudy.D．Theapplicationofthestudy.8．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．CanastronautsavoidtheeffectofgravityB．CanathletehaveastrongerheartC．CanthehumanheartreduceinsizeD．Canthehumanheartfunctionwellinspace[答题区]题号12345678答案Ⅱ.阅读七选五[2023·山东省实验中学高三第一次诊断]Forteenagers,theimportanceofadequatenightlysleepremainsconstant.Enoughshut­eyetimeiscrucialtobothphysicalhealthandcognitivefunctioning.__1__Parentsaredeeplyworriedaboutthis.Herearesometipsforparentstocushiontheblowfromtheschoolstuff,suchasearlierschoolstarttimeandmountingamountsofhomework.Setupabedtimeroutine.Aregularbedtimeroutinestartingaroundthesametimeeachnightencouragesgoodsleeppatterns.__2__Foroldones,thismightincludeaquietandreflectivechat.Checknoiseandlightinyourchild'sbedroom.__3__Checkifyourchild'sbedroomistoolightornoisyforsleep.Bluelightfromvariousscreensmightcontainmelatoninlevelsanddelaysleepiness.Ensuregooddinnerwithreasonableamounts.Thesayinggoesthatweshouldeatlikeakinginthemorning,aprinceatnoonandafarmeratnight.Butthefarmer­wayofdinnerdoesn'tapplytoyourchildren.Theyneedmorenutrition.Butmakesureyourchildhasarightamountofeveningmeal.Feelinghungryorfullbeforebedmakesyourchilduncomfortable.__4____5__Mostchildrenreceiveaportionoftheirrecommendedamountofsleepeachdayfromnaps.Notsleepingthroughthenightisfairlycommonforyoungchildren,sotheyneedanextraboostfromdaytimenapstoensuretheygetenoughsleepforanygiven24­hourperiod.A．Takeagoodnap.B．Sleepthroughthenight.C．Thiscanmakeithardforyourchildtogettosleep.D．Aquiet,dimlylitspaceisimportantforagoodsleep.E．Fixedbathandstorytimehelpssmallkidsreadyforsleep.F．Daytimenapsaresaidtobeagoodadditiontonightlysleep.G．Thatsaid,surveysrevealoneinfiveteenssleeplessthansevenhours.[答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________Ⅲ.语法填空[2023·青岛市高三调研]ForthoseconsumingAsianfood,usingchopsticks1.________(be)almostsecondnature.About20to33percentofpeopleintheworldusechopsticks2.________adailybasis.Notallofthosearedisposable(一次性的)ones,3.________nodoubtmanyare.FelixBock,astudentattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,waseagertofindawaytorecyclewoodfromconstructionprojects,andhehadaparticularinterestinbamboo.Onedayhefoundadrawerinhisfriend'shouse4.________(fill)withdisposablebamboochopsticks,andanideahithim.Hedecidedtogive5.________secondlifetodisposablechopsticksbymakingthemintohome6.________(decoration)orotheraccessories(配饰).Hetoldtheideatorestaurantowners,7.________(convince)themtoinstallrecyclingbinsintheirrestaurants.Hecleanedthechopsticks,pressedthemintosquarepiecesandcoatedthemwithglue.Thesquarepieceswerethen8.________(creative)arrangedintohouseholdandofficeproducts.Böck'scompany,calledChopValue,hasrepurposedchopsticksintodesktops,cuttingboardsandeventablegames.Since2016whenthecompany9.________(found),ChopValuehasrescuedbillionsofchopsticksfromlandfills.Insteadofaneconomyofthetypicaltake­make­disposemodel,ChopValueseekstocreateone10.________transformswasteintoausableresource.[答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________6.________7．________8.________9.________10．________课时天天练(二十八)Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍一项对精神疲劳的研究，精神疲劳的原因及解决办法。1．答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据首段及第二段“Tolearnthecauseofmentalexhaustion,theresearchteamenrolled40participantsandassigned24ofthemtoperformachallengingtask.”及第四段的“Theresultsuggestedpeoplewhospendmorethansixhoursworkingonataskthatrequiresalotofthoughtaremorelikelytofeeltired.”可知，Wiehler和他的同事试图研究为什么努力思考会让我们感到疲惫。2．答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第四段“Theresultsuggestedpeoplewhospendmorethansixhoursworkingonataskthatrequiresalotofthoughtaremorelikelytofeeltired.”并结合选项可知，更容易导致精神疲惫的是在电脑上下棋7个小时。3．答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据最后一段“Andnowthatasystemhasbeenestablishedtomeasuremetabolic(新陈代谢的)changesinresponsetomentalfatigue,theteamhopetolearnmoreabouthowtorecoverfrommentalexhaustion.”和“Iwouldemploygoodoldrecipes:restandsleep!Thereisgoodevidencethatglutamateiseliminatedfromaperiodofrest.Agoodnapcanbeasshortas20minutes,butcanmakeusfeeltotallyrefreshed.”可知，Wiehler对这个系统持支持的态度，故选D。4．答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Andnowthatasystemhasbeenestablishedtomeasuremetabolic(新陈代谢的)changesinresponsetomentalfatigue,theteamhopetolearnmoreabouthowtorecoverfrommentalexhaustion.Whiletheresearchershaven'tworkedoutanewsolution”可知，对于精神疲惫，进一步的研究是必要的。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了人的心脏在长期缺乏重力的情况下会变小的一项研究。5．答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Fortunately,whiletheheartdidshrinkinsizeforBellyandLecomte,itwasjustasstrongandcontinuedtofunctionnormallyforbothmen.”可知，Belly和Lecomte的心脏都变得比之前更小了。6．答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第三段的“Theabsenceofgravityinspacemeansthattheheartdoesnothavetoworkashardtopumpbloodthroughtheaorta(主动脉),thelargestbloodvesselthatsuppliesoxygentoallpartsofourbody.Asaresult,theheartlosesmusclemass,causingittoreduceinsize.”可知，由于缺少地球重力，人的心脏会产生变化，会变得更小。7．答案与解析：D推理判断题。通读最后一段“ThisstudyiscrucialasNASApreparestosendastronautstoMarsinthe2030s.ProfessorLevineisworkingwithNASAonaprogramcalledcypher,whichhopestocollectmorein­formationbyfollowingtenmoreastronauts'year­longtripsaswellasconductingresearchonshortertripstospace.”可知，从最后一段我们能知道这个研究的应用。8．答案与解析：C主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Isitpossibleforthehumanhearttoshrink(缩小)andifso,howdoesthischangeimpactthehumanbody？”可知，本文主要介绍了“人类的心脏能变小吗”这一问题。Ⅱ.阅读七选五【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些帮助更好入睡的建议。1．答案与解析：G根据上文“Forteenagers,theimportanceofadequatenightlysleepremainsconstant.Enoughshut­eyetimeiscrucialtobothphysicalhealthandcognitivefunctioning.”以及后文“Parentsaredeeplyworriedaboutthis.Herearesometipsforparentstocushiontheblowfromtheschoolstuff,suchasearlierschoolstarttimeandmountingamountsofhomework.”可知，本句是在说明让家长们感到忧虑的问题：调查显示五分之一的青少年睡眠时间不足7小时。故选G。2．答案与解析：E根据上文“Setupabedtimeroutine.Aregularbedtimeroutinestartingaroundthesametimeeachnightencouragesgoodsleeppatterns.”以及后文“Foroldones,thismightincludeaquietandreflectivechat.”可知，本段的主旨是建立就寝时间，且后文提到了对年龄大点的孩子的建议，可知本句是针对年纪小的人群的建议。故选E。3．答案与解析：D根据上文“Checknoiseandlightinyourchild'sbedroom.”以及后文“Check