2021届高考英语复习考点Book 1 Module 5 A lesson in a lab（解析版）

2021年高考英语一轮复习考点扫描05解析版

Book1Module5Alessoninalab

♦基础盘点•自测自评♦

阅快速排查本模块阅读词汇并在不认识的词汇前划4

读□1.liquidn.延位^,expandvi.膨胀EB.contractvi.收缩

□4.substancen.物质EJ5.boilvt.煮；煮沸tt.steamn,蒸汽；水汽

单

EZ17.floatvi.漂浮口S.flamen.火焰□©.facilityn.（常作复数）设备；工具

词

□lO.lecturen.演讲Dll.departmentn.（大学的）科、系

1.stagen.阶段；时期2.ordinaryadj.普通的；平常的

核3.formvi.形成4.balancen.天平；平衡

心【会应用】根据汉语提示完成下列各句

单l.Weshouldhaveabalanced(均衡的)diettokeepusenergeticeveryday.

词2.Astheychatted,theideaofspendingholidaytogethergraduallyformed(形成).

3.0rdinarily(一般说来),Ifindthisjobeasy,buttodayI'mhavingproblems.

l.mixv.7昆合一＞mixturen.混合物

2e.lectricityn.电Teleclricadj.电的；用电的—electricaladj.与电有关的；用电的

重3.concludevt.推论出；断定-conclusionn.结论

点4.ajmn.目标；目的—aimlessadi.无目的的;没有目标的—aimlesslyadv.漫无目的地:无目标地

拓

词5.reactvi.（化学）反应—reactionn.反应

汇6.equipvt.装备；酉己备一equipmentn.设备；装备

7.astonjshvt.使惊讶Tastonishmentn.惊愕—astonishedadj.吃惊的；惊愕的一■astonishing

扫展

描adj.令人惊讶的；使人惊奇的

【语境活用】用所给词的适当形式填空

单1.Everyclassroominourschoolisequipped1withmodemequipment,(equip)

2.Thereactionshowedushowthecompanyreaciedtotheneedofthecustomer.(react)

3.Inmyopinion,eachofusshouldhaveanaimofourown.Butsomeofusleadanaimlesslifeevery

词day.(aim)

4.Toourastonishment,thefamousstardiet.That'stosay,wewereastonishedatthenewsofher

suddendeath,anditwasreallyastonishing.(astonish)

5.JacksaidhecouldconcludefromJane'sexpressionthatJanehadstolenhismoney.Buteveryone

knewJackalwaysjumpedtoaconclusionvwithoutanyevidencetosupporthisconclusion.In

conclusion,nobodywaslikelytobelieveJanewasathief.(conclude)

1.put...inorder使...有条理【语境活用】用左栏短语的适当形式填空

重2.add...to...往...加入....l.puteverythinginorder井井有条

点3.usedto过去（常常）...2.addfueltotheemotionalfire火上浇油

短4.intheareaof在...领域3.benotsupposedtosmokehere不可以在这里吸烟

语5.beproudof为...感到骄傲/自豪4.keepoutoftherailroadtrack请勿靠近铁轨

6.besupposedto应当；理应5.beproudofwhatwehaveachieved

7.keep...outof不让...进入；使....避开为我们所取得的成就感到骄傲

8.goahead开始做某事（表示允许）；请用吧6.Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,butnowtheareais

mostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.

9.atthetop/bottom在顶/底部

句型1：分数作主语时，其谓语动词的单复［句型仿写］

数由分数所修饰的名词而决定这座城市五分之四的面积是由树和草地覆盖的。

［教材原句］Two-thirdsoftheearth'ssurfaceFounfifthsoftheareaiscoveredbytreesandgrassin

iswater.地球表面的三分之二是水。thecity.

重

句型2：Itis+adj.+todo...［句型仿写］

［教材原句］Itishardtothinkofaworld（2017•全国卷H）你通晓中国文化是必要的。IVs

点

withoutmetals.很难想象一个没有金属的necessaryfoeyoutohaveagoodknowledgeofChinese

世界（是什么样子）。culture.

句

句型3：the+比较级...，the+比较级...

［句型仿写］

式意为“越……，就越……”

［教材原句］Thecloseryouare,themore一个人越博学，他通常就越谦虚。

you'llsee.Themorelearnedamanis,themoremodestheusually

你离得越近，看到的就越多。is.

Part1Part2

知JackusedtohateEnglishanditwashardforAsstudents,wearesupposedtoconcentrateonour

识hisparentstopersuadehimtolearnstudies,butrelaxationisalsowhatweneed.Ilike

主English.However,afterbalancingthelisteningtomusicinmysparetime,becauseitcanadda

advantagesagainstdisadvantages,hebegantolotoflivelinesstomyschoollife,whichinturnbenefits

线

workhard.ThemorehelearnedEnglish,themystudy.Inconclusion,it'sveryimportanttokeepa

串

moreinterestedhebecameinit.Nowhisaimbalancebetweenstudyandrelaxation!wouldliketo

记

istobeasuccessfulinteipreter.knowhowyoureacttomyviews.

1.“扩展”动词全接触2.-ture结尾名词全扫描3.后缀-ment名词小结

①expand扩展；膨胀©mixture混合物①equipmenl设备；装备

拓

②enlarge扩大②furniture家具②treatment对待；治疗

展

③spread扩展；蔓延③architecture建筑③announcement通知；通告

速

©prolong延长©departure出发；离开④achievement功绩；成就

记

⑤extend延伸；延续⑤signature签名；签字⑤punishment惩罚

♦随堂检测•基础过关♦

I.单句语法填空

1.Hedonatedalotofmoney,aiming(aim)tohelpthepeoplewhosurvivedtheflood.

2.Iwantedtoknowhowthestudentsreactedtomywordsaswellasyourreaction(react).

3.Isooncametotheconclusion(cone1ude)thathecouldnotaffordtobuyahouse.

4.—Wouldyouliketodrinksomecoffeewithsomesugarormilk?

一Oh,rdlikesomemilkadded(add)tothecoffee.

5.AsfarasIamconcerned,thegovernmentissupposedtotake(take)effectivemeasurestopreventthehazefrom

gettingworse.

6.ItisuncertainwhetherhecancometoJenny'sbirthdaypartyornot.

7.ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasier(easy)you'llfeelinspeakingEnglish.

8.Weallknowthatabalanced(balance)dietisofgreatimportancetoourhealth.

9.Ifyouspendtimebalancingadvantagesagainstdisadvantages,youmaygetnothingintheend.

10.Heusedtoplay(play)gamesontheInternet,butnowheisusedtotakjng(take)awalkaftersupper.

II.单句改错

1.Puteverythingintheorderbeforeyouleavetheroom.去掉第一个the

2.Althoughastonishingatwhatheheard,Peterdidn'tsayanything.astonishing-astonished

3.Ourschoolhasbeengivensomenewteachingequipmentssince2019.equiDments—»cauiDment

4.Theapartmentsaresoexpensivethattheyarehardforordinarilypeopletobuy.ordinarily-ordinary

5.Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrictarecoveredwithtreesandgrass.are一is

ni.课文里的高考根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Differentmetalshavedifferentuses.Whenweusemetals,itisimportant1.toknow(know)howtheyreactwith

2.different(differ)substances.Bydoingsomesimpleexperiments,wecanachievethe3.following(follow)

aims.Firstly,putthem4.inorderaccordingtothereaction.5.Secondly(second),findoutifironrustsindryair,in

air-freewaterandinordinarywater.Inordertoachievethesecondaim,weneeddifferentpiecesof

6.equipment(equip).7.Havingmade(make)fullpreparations,wecangotothedifferentstagesofthe

experiment.Duringeachstage,relativemethodsshould8.beused(use),Afterthat,wewillgetdifferentresultsand

maketheconclusions9.thatirondoesnotrustindryairandinair-freewaterIQ.butitrustsinordinarywater.

IV.话题中的写作

aim,form,usedto,besupposedto,keep...outof,beproudof

1.补全要点句（“黑体''部分选用上面方框中的词语）

①李华过去常常玩电脑游戏，他的成绩越来越糟。

LiHuausedtoplaycomputergames,andhisgradesweregettingworseandworse.

②老师告诉他应该确立目标，养成好习惯。

Theteachertoldhimthathewassupposedtosetanaimandformagoodhabit.

③对他来说放弃玩游戏是困难的，但在老师的帮助下，他远离了游戏。

Togiveupplayinggameswasdifficultforhim,butwiththehelpofhisteacherhekeDthimselfoutofthem.

④他感到越学习就越觉得对学习感兴趣。

Hefeltthatashestudiedmore,hebecamemoreinterestedinstudy.

⑤他的父母为他感到骄傲。

Hisparentsareproudofhim.

2.升级平淡句

①用it作形式主语升级句③

Itwasdifficultforhimtogiveupplayinggames*butwiththehelpofhisteacherhekepthimselfoutofthem.

②用“the+比较级，the+比较级”升级句④

Hefeltthatthemorehestudiedthemoreinterestedhebecameinit.

3.衔接成语篇（注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：later）

LiHuausedtoplaycomputergames,andhisgradesweregettingworseandworse.Theteachertoldhimthat

hewassupposedtosetanaimandformagoodhabit.hwasdifficultforhimtogiveupplayinggames,butwiththe

helpofhisteacherhekepthimselfoutofthem.Later,hefeltthatthemorehestudied,themoreinterestedhe

becameinit.Nowhisparentsareproudofhim.

♦课后达标检测♦

I.短文语法填空

PeoplewantDaylightSavingTime(DST)toend.DSTislsemi-annualpracticeofputtingtheclock

forwardanhourinthespringandbackanhourintheautumn.Theaimis2(have)anextrahourof

eveningdaylightduringthesummermonths.Scientistsarequestioningthevalueofchangingthetime.Theysayit

couldbeactually3(harm)toourhealthandincreaseenergycosts.ThestatesofCaliforniaand

Massachusettsaretakingthematter4(serious)andconsideringendingDST.Lawmakerstheresayithas

nomeaningtodaywhenwehaveelectriclightsandpeopleworkaroundtheclock.

PeoplewhoareinsupportofDSTsayitsavesenergybecauselights5(turn)onlater.Theyargue

peopledomoreoutdooractivities,andit'sthereforegood6physicalandpsychologicalhealth.They

alsosayitcutstrafficaccidentsandcrime.People7tendtosupportDSTincludecityworkers,shop

owners,andothers8(benefit)fromincreasedlightduringtheeveninginsummer.Opponents(反对者)

sayitincreasesenergy9(cost)andcauseshealthrisks.Thenumberofheartattacksandstrokes

10(increase)becauseofchangesinourbodyclock.Withlessrest,peoplemakemoremistakes,so

accidentsincrease.

【语篇导读】文章主要讨论了有关夏令时(DaylightSavingTime)的不同观点。

l.the解析：根据语境可知，此处表特指，故用定冠词the.

2.tohave解析：根据下文的"anextrahourofeveningdaylightduringthesummer

months”可知，此处谈论的是采用夏令时的目的，故用不定式。

3.harmful解析：他们说，事实上，夏令时可能对我们的健康有害。分析句子

结构可知，设空处在句中作表语，应用形容词harmful.

4.seriously解析：takesth.seriously为固定搭配，意为“认真对待某事”。

5.areturned解析：支持DST的人们说这能节省能源，因为开灯的时间变得较晚。

根据本文的基本时态为一般现在时可知，此处也用一般现在时；又因lights与turn之间是被

动关系，应用被动语态。故填areturned.

6.for解析：begoodfor为固定搭配，意为“有益于，对……有好处

7.who/that解析：分析句子结构可知，空处在此处引导定语从句，且在从句中

作主语，先行词为people,故用关系代词who/that.

8.benefiting解析：others与benefit之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故此处应用现在分

词短语作后置定语，修饰olhers.

9.costs解析：反对者称，它会增加能源成本，导致健康风险。cosl作“成本”讲时，一般要用复数形

式costs.根据句意可知，此处应填costs.

10.increases解析：“thenumberof+名词”作主语时，句子的谓语动词应用第三人称

单数。故填increases.

II.阅读理解

IfIscratchyourbackandyouscratchmine,thenwe'rebothbetteroffasaresult—sogoestheprincipleof

reciprocily.Ashumans,wearefamiliarwiththeconcept,whetheritisbybuyingroundsofdrinksorexpelling

diplomats.Butdoanimalsalsohelpthosewhohelpthem?Theanswermaybeyes.ApaperbyDolivoand

TaborskyshowsthatNorwayratswillonlygiveasgoodastheyget.

Intheirlaboratory,DolivoandTaborskyfirsttrainedratstopullastickthatprovidedafooditemwithinthe

reachofaratinaneighboringcageseparatedfromthembywiremesh（铁丝网）.

Theythenintroducedafurthertreatmentinwhichanexperimentalratwasplacedinacagewithothercaged

ratsoneitherside.Ononesidetheratpulledastickthatprovidedpiecesofcarrottotheratinthecentralcage,

whiletheotherpulledastickthatproducedbananapieces.

Inthefollowingtrialsthefocalrat（theoneinthecentralcage）hadtheopportunitytorepaytheotherrats

usingthesamesticktooltodeliverfooditems.

Now,theratshadtypicallyturnedtheirnosesupatthecarrotandshowedastrongpreferenceforthemore

desirablebanana.Onthebasisthatthebanana-providingratshouldbethereforerememberedasthesuperior

partner,theauthorspredictedthatinthetestphase（阶段）thefocalratwouldmorereadilyprovidehelpforbanana

—offeringratsthanforcarrot—offeringrats.Thisprovedtobethecase:theratsthathadprovidedbetterhelpinthe

pastreceivedgreaterrewards-itseemedthattheywerebehavingreciprocally.

DolivoandTaborsky?sexperimentsshowthatratscanrecallthequalityofhelpprovidedandbywhichrat,and

adjusttheirbehaviorsoastoinvestmoretimeandenergyinhelpingthosethathelpedthem.Itisapparentthatwe

shouldn'tundervaluetheabilityofanimalstoengageinreciprocity.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reciprocity“probablyreferto?

A.Theactofbeingkindtootherpeople.

B.Acooperativeexchangeoffavors.

C.Apositiveattitudetoeverything.

D.Thequalityofbeinggenerous.

2.Whatwouldhappenifaratpulledthestick?

A.Itwouldfindsomefoodinitsowncage.

B.Otherratswouldbeabletoenteritscage.

C.Anotherratinanothercagewouldgetfood.

D.Itwouldbeabletoenteraneighboringcage.

3.Whichgotmorebenefitfromthefocalrat?

A.Theratsthatpreferredcarrotpieces.

B・Theratsthatpreferredbananapieces.

C.Theratsthathadprovidedcarrotpieces.

D.Theratsthathadprovidedbananapieces.

4.WhichofthefollowingmightDolivoandTaborskyagreewith?

A.Someanimalsmayreturnothers5help.

B.Norwayratshaveverypoormemories.

C.Itishardtoexplaintheabilityofanimals.

D.Rats'behaviorisveryuncommon.

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章详细介绍了Dolivo和Taborsky用挪威老鼠做实验得出结论的过程。

实验的结果告诉人们，我们不应该低估动物的互惠能力。

1.B解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句中的“IfIscratchyourbackandyouscratchmine,thenwe're

bothbetteroffasaresult”可知，如果两个人互相抓背，则两个人都能得到好处；由此可推知，reciprocity意

为“互惠”，故B项正确。

2.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容和第三段尾句“Ononesidetheratpulledastickthatprovided

piecesofcarrottotheratinthecentralcage,whiletheotherpulledastickthatproducedbananapieces”可推知，如

果一只老鼠拉棍子，则另一个笼子里的老鼠会吃到食物，故C项正确。

3.D解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容尤其是“theratsthathadprovidedbetterhelpinthepast

receivedgreaterrewards”可知，提供香蕉片的老鼠会得到更多的回报，故D项正确。

4.A解析：推理判断题。根据尾段第一句可知，Doliv。和Taborsky的实验表明，老鼠能够回忆起谁提

供的帮助和帮助的质量，并调整它们的行为，从而投入更多的时间和精力去帮助那些帮助过它们的同类；

由此可推知，动物会回报帮助过它们的对象，故A项正确。

in.阅读七选五

Asasenioryearstudent,youmayhavesomanypressurescomingfromsomanydirectionsthatyoucan't

figureoutwhattodofirst.

1.________

Whenyouhavemanythingstodoandalotofdemandsonyourtime,youcanlosesightofwhat'simportant.

Oneofthebestwaystoseethebigpicture—whatyouwantoutoflife—istolayoutyourgoals.

Pressurepointsandhowtodealwiththem

Confusedoroverwhelmed—2..Discussyourconcernswithafriend,parentorteacher.Theymay

helpyoufindsolutionstoyourproblemsandworries.

Don'tbetoohardonyourself-easeup,takeabreakanddosomethingyouenjoy,daydream,readabook,go

outwithfriends-anythingthathelpsyourelax.

Problems,problems,problems——recognizeyourlimits.It9stoostressfultotrytodealwithallyourproblemsat

once.3..

Goal-settingtips

It'simportanttorememberthatgoalsbelongtoyou-nottoyourparents,yourteachers,oryourfriends.After

you'vesetyourgoals,identifytheskillsyouhavetoachievethosegoals.4.,dosomeresearch.Trythe

library,yourguidanceadviserandteachers,andotherpeoplewhocouldhelpyou.

5.・Ifyourgoalissomethingyounolongerwant,changeit.Identifythebarrierstogettingyour

goals.Considerwaystoovercomethem.Don'tgetdepressedbyabig,long-termgoal-seewhatstepsyoucantake

toachieveitandsetthosestepsdownasshort-term,iUdoable^^goals.

A.Toomuchtodo

B.Balancinggoalsinlife

C.Goalsexisttoserveyou

D.Talktosomeoneyoutrust

E.Ifyou'renotsurewhatskillsyou'llneed

F.Aslongasyouknowwhatskillisimportantandwhatisn't

G.Choosewhafsthemosturgentandsetasidetherestuntillater

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要给毕业班的学生提出了面对诸多压力时应该先做什么的建议。

1.B解析：分析空处位置可知，空处应为段落小标题。下文讲的是在你有很多事情要做，并且在时

间上有很多要求时，你可能不清楚什么是重要的，顾全大局的最好办法之一是设计你的目标。由此可知B

项“在生活中要平衡目标''符合语境。

2.D解析：根据空后的句子“Discussyourconcernswithafriend,parentorteacher.“可知，该空处表示“和

你信任的人交谈”，所以选D项。

3.G解析：根据空前的"recognizeyourlimits.