高考阅读理解分类讲解

章阅读理解专题

2021/5/91Warmingup1.Asayounggirlgrowingupinthe1930s,Ialwayswantedtoflyaplane,butbackthenitwasalmostunheardofforawomantodothat.Igotatasteofthatdreamin2011，whenmyhusbandarrangedformetorideinahotairballoonformybirthday.（2011年高考英语北京A篇）Q:Whathappenedtotheauthorin2011？A.Sheflewanairplane.B.Sheenteredacompetition.C.Shewentonahotairballoonride.D.Shemovedintoaretirementcommunity.__________2021/5/92Helongsforconversationswithaneditorwhowillhelphimturnhisgoodideasintogreatones.Hewantssomeonetogetexcitedaboutwhathe'sdoingandtohelphimturnhisstoryideaupsidedownandinsideout，exploringthebestwaystoreportit.Hewantstobemorevaluableforyourpaper.（2010年高考英语北京B篇）Q:Whatdoesthereporterwantmostfromhiseditorsintheirtalks？A.Findingthenewsvalueofhisstories.B.Givinghimfinancialsupport.C.Helpinghimtofindissues.D.Improvinghisgoodideas.____________________________________________________________2021/5/93SheturnedupatthedoorstepofmyhouseinCornwall.NowaycouldIhavesentheraway.Noway,notmeanyway.Maybesomeonehadkickedheroutoftheircarthenightbefore.“We'removinghouse”;“Nospaceforheranymorewiththebabycoming.”“Weneverreallywantedher，butwhatcouldwehavedone？Shewasapresent.”Peoplefindallsortsofexcusesforabandoningananimal.AndshewasoneofthemostbeautifuldogsIhadeverseen.Q:HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutGoldiewhenGoldiecametothehouse？（2010年高考英语北京A篇）A.Shocked.

B.Sympathetic.

C.Annoyed.

D.Upset.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2021/5/94Step1:阅读理解文章体裁分析记叙文：往往按时间顺序展开段落，文章有明显表示时间先后的词语。阅读时抓住时间这条主线，弄清who、what、where、why与how。描写文：通过细节的描写，以画面的方式来反应事物的特征、性质。对这种文章要迅速弄清其主题，主题词往往出现在各个句子里，贯穿文章的始末；紧围绕这个主题进行阅读，找到文章与之有关的信息，并确定信息与主题的关系。2021/5/95说明文：多见于科普文章，用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的关系，这类文体的文章，首句往往是主题句，开门见山，说明文章的关注对象：弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式；把握次要信息及其与主题的关系。2021/5/96议论文：阅读难在这种文章处处都渗透作者的个人观点、态度。阅读议论文应该从文体的写作和结构特点入手.文章的结构往往容易把握，主题句开门见山。作者往往通过信号词(signalwords或transitionalwords)和关联词(referents来组织段落、文章，对信号词的迅速反应和对关联词的准确判断是至关重要的；要特别注意区分作者的观点与文章里所提到的人物的观点，同时注意作者所使用的表示赞同、反对等感情色彩的词汇。2021/5/97Step2:阅读理解命题方式（一）细节理解题1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?(三正一误)2)Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept...（三正一误）3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?（三误一正）

4)Thewritermentionsalloftheitemslistedbelowexcept______.（三正一误）5)Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?（三误一正）2021/5/986)Whatistheexampleof...asdescribedinthepassage?（三误一正）7)Thereasonfor...is...（三误一正）8)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)...（三误一正）9)Fromthepassageweknowthat______.（三误一正）10)Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat______.（三误一正）2021/5/99当堂导练一：Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.2021/5/910（二）主旨大意题1）Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout____．2）Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage？3）Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily____．4）Thepassageismostlyabout____．5）Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout____．2021/5/9116）Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage？7）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？

8）Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis_____.9）Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto…10）Thepassageismeantto….11）Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…2021/5/912解主题大意题时，可用以下方法：1）认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子。2）文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。3）文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。例如：Onthewhole,inshort,therefore…,Iagreewiththeopinionthat…,Givenallthesepointsabove,Iwouldsupporttheideathat…,Forallthereasonsmentionedabove,Iwouldprefer…等后。2021/5/913如何寻找主题句Sample1

Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.

主题句在段首：一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。

_________________________________________________2021/5/914Sample2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________2021/5/915Sample3Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.当主题句被安排在段中间时,通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展._______________________________________________________________________________________2021/5/916（三）推理题1)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.2)Fromthetextweknowthat______.3)Thestoryimpliesthat______.4)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe___.5)Thewriter’sattitudetoward...is______.2021/5/9176)Theauthorimplied（suggested）that．．．7)Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat．．．8)Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport？9)Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree？2021/5/918解推断题应注意：(1)不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；(2)推理的根据来自于上下文。3.解推断题的方法：根据词义关系推断具体细节。“Youmeanthereisnobabywhoisdying?”saidDeVincenzo.“That'sright,”saidtheofficial.“That'sthebestgoodnewsI'veheardallweek.”saidDeVincenzo.Q:ItcanbeinferredthatwhatworriedDeVincenzomostwas_______.A.thepoorwomanB.theofficial'sadviceC.thewinningcheckD.thebaby'slife2021/5/919Sample2

:Q：Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas______.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects2021/5/920（四）观点态度题1)Theauthorseemstothinkthat______.2)Thewriteristryingtopresentapointofviewin______.3)Theauthorwantstoappealto_______.4)Theauthor’sstyleis______.2021/5/9215)Theauthor’stonewouldbebestdescribedas_______.6)Whatistheauthor’sopinionof______?7)Thewriterbelievethat________?8)Intheauthor'sopinion_________?2021/5/922确定作者态度，可以有两种思路1）问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；2）如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。Sample1:Q：Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas______.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects2021/5/923（五）判断词义题1）Theunderlinedword（phrase）inthepassagemeans____．2）Theword"it（them）"inthefirstparagraphrefersto____．

3）Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans____．4）Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？2021/5/924猜词方法:1）根据常识、经验猜生词。例如：Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread．ThedoorwassolowthatIhittheheadonthelintel．2）根据上下文解释做出判断：其方法主要有：(1)根据文中的定义、解释猜生词。例如：Skimmingmeanslookingoverapassagequicklytogetthemainideabeforeyoubegintoreaditcarefully．Theharborisprotectedbyajetty—awallbuiltoutintothewater．（glasses）（过梁）（略读）（码头）2021/5/925(2)利用事例或解释猜生词。例如：Thedoctorisstudyingglaucomaandotherdiseasesoftheeye．(3)利用重复解释的信息猜生词。例如：Mr.Smithalwaysarriveshomepunctually，neitherearlynorlate．(4)根据同位关系进行判断：a)…,andotherGermanicandNordicpeoples,whospokewhatwenowcallAnglo-Saxon

(orOldEnglish),aGermaniclanguage．b）The"Chunnel"，atunnelconnectingEnglandandFrance，isnowcomplete．（青光眼）（准时的）（盎格鲁撒克逊语）（隧道）2021/5/9263）利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义a)Oneoftheobstacles（障碍）tofalsereadingisvocalizing—sayingthewordstothemselvesinalowvoice．b)Theearlyscientificstudyofchemistry，knownasalchemy，grewupinEgyptinthefirstfewcenturiesA.D．4）根据上下文的指代关系进行选择文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。（发声）（炼金术）2021/5/9275)根据转折或对比关系进行判断根据上下句的连接词，如：but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。分号（;）还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。Hehasbeengettingbetter，butduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated．6)根据因果关系进行判断根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。Biggestpowerfailureinthecity'shistory…Allofourice-creamandfrozenfoodsmelted．（恶化）（融化）原因结果2021/5/9287）根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断很多词可以加前缀和后缀，从而构成一个新词，掌握了一定的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。MarketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpreferences--buttheirknowledgeoforganicfoodisfarfromcomplete．我们知道，prefer的意思是"宁愿；愿意"，根据上下文可以判断prefer的名词形式preference的含义应是"偏爱；爱好"。偏爱；爱好2021/5/929Step3:猜答案方法1.绝对词否决法,答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有:must,always,never,themost,all,only,haveto,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly等。A.Shecan’tattendhernephew’sweddingparty.B.Shevaluesthebowlfromhermotheralot.C.Sheislivingalonenearanartgallery.D.Shedoesn’tcareaboutmoneyanymore.2021/5/9302.怀疑词判断法：选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(大多数),moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,possible,whetheror,notnecessarily等。A.zooelephantssufferlessstressthanthoseinthewild.B.elephantsarequiteeasytogetobese.C.sociallivesarenotimportanttoelephant.D.zoolifecanbestressfultoelephatn.3.关键词对应法：（等号前是文章中的点，等号后是选项中点）(ABC=ABC法;ABC=A’B’C’法;ABC=CBA法;ABC≠ABD法)2021/5/9314.选项的全面性判断法较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的，选项一般是答案项。A.tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareerB.tosolvetechnicalproblemsC.tobemorespecializedinhisfieldD.todevelophisprofessionalskill2021/5/932Step4:长、难句分析法Sample:Twenty

studentshadjustclimbedtheirwaytothetoprung(最高的台阶)outoffourmillionstudentstakingpartintheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContest

onTuesdayevening

atJintanCounty,JiangsuProvince.句子核心Howmany？Theresult？Doingwhat?When?Where?2021/5/9331.翻译：四百多万参加“全国第五届华罗庚数学金杯赛”中的中学生里有二十个学生在星期二于江苏省金坛县登上了最高的台阶。2.找出谓语动词是抓住核心的关键Sometimesananimalhasaplantpartner.Therelationshipdevelopsuntilthetwopartnerscannotmanagewithoutea