非谓语动词总复习

非谓语动词分类：todo-不定式doing动名词现在分词done–过去分词注：使用非谓语动词也要考虑时态语态，（除了过去分词）2021/5/91非谓语动词的使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个谓语动词，在没有连词的情况下，还有别的动词出现时，例如：Shegotoffthebus,________(leave)herhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but______(leave)herhandbagonherseat.leavingleft2021/5/92主语宾语表语定语状语宾补动名词√√√√不定式√√√√√√分词√√√√现在，我们简要回顾其主要考点：非谓语动词的句法功能2021/5/93一.不定式1.不定式的时态和语态：主动被动一般式进行式完成式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone无2021/5/94Weplantopayavisit.Theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.

Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.Readandthink:2021/5/952.不定式的用法：2.1-Itissillyofyou__alleggsinonebasket.-ThatwastheworstmistakeI’veevermade.toputB.tohaveputC.puttingD.havingputB2.1

不定式做主语。2021/5/962.2Myjobwastowashbottles,whichwouldthenbefilledwithwine,or___thefilledbottles.toputB.puttingC.havingputD.beingputA2.2

不定式作表语。2021/5/97有些动词之后常跟todo作宾语，此类动词有如agree,offer,intend/plan,demand/ask,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish/hope/want/expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,claim,aim,hesitate等2.3不定式作宾语同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚恳求安排买得起，生成目标不犹豫2021/5/982.3Mr.Smithwarnedhisdaughter___afterdrinking.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdriveA2.4不定式作宾补。常用在ask,tell,expect,encourage,advise,order,inspire等词后2021/5/99注意：有些动词后接不带to的不定式做宾补，五看：watch,lookat,see,observe,notice三使：let,make,have两听：hear,listento一感觉：feeleg：Isawhim______(walk)intothepark.Hismothermadehim_____(get)upearlyinwinter.walkgetHewasseen_______(walk)intothepark.towalk2021/5/910动词不定式可用在被thefirst，thesecond，thelast，theonly和最高级等限定的名词或代词的后面作定语。Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleaveschool.WeareinvitedtoapartytobeheldinourclubnextFriday.Ihaveameetingtoattend.Therearealotofworktodo.Theabilitytocommunicatewithotherswellisveryimportantinthesociety.2.5

作定语。2021/5/9111．(2010·重庆卷)Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing，buttheone________firstisthelibrary.A．repaired B．beingrepairedC．repairing D．toberepaired2.Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompletedDB2021/5/912不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。1．不定式用来作目的状语：往往译作“为了，想要”。放在句中不用逗号隔开Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.

2.6

作状语。2021/5/9131.Heistootiredtogetupearly.2．不定式用于too...to；onlytodo等结构中作结果状语。Translate：他太疲惫了而不能早起。2.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。2.Hehurriedtothebookingoffice____________alltheticketshadbeensoldout.onlyto

betold2021/5/9143.不定式做原因状语常用于一些表情绪的形容词后，例如happy,glad,pleased,sad,sorry,disappointed等1.Theywereverysadtohearthenews.

2.I’msorrytotroubleyou.Translate:他们听到这个消息很悲伤。我很抱歉麻烦你。2021/5/915二.动名词1.动名词的时态和语态：

主动语态

被动语态一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendoneMyhobbyisswimming.Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.2021/5/916Itisawasteof+n.+(in)doingsth.Itislittle/nogood/usedoingsth.Itisuselessdoingsth.2.动名词的用法：2.1

作主语。2021/5/9172.2.

以下动词用动名词作宾语：avoid,miss,postpone,advise,finish,practise,enjoy,imagine,can’thelp,admit,deny,envy,escape,risk,excuse,stand,keep,mind避免错过少延期，建议完成多练习喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与嫉妒逃避冒险莫原谅，忍受保持不介意2021/5/918

不定式作宾语和动名词作宾语的区别：I.有些词跟todo和doing作宾语时，区别不大，如like,love,hate,prefer,continue,begin,start

。2021/5/919II.区别以下结构：trytodo/doingmeantodo/doingstoptodo/doinggoontodo/doingremember/forget/regrettodo/doing

2021/5/9201.I'msorryIforgot_______yourdictionary.Let'sborrowonefromLiMing.A.totakeB.takingC.tobringD.bringing2.Mybrotherregretted_______alecturegivenbyProfessorLiu.notattendingB.nottoattendingC.attendedD.beingattendedCA2021/5/921

三、分词现在分词表示正在进行或主动的意义，而过去分词表示被动或已经完成的意义。fallingleavestherisingsunfallenleavestherisensunboilingwaterdevelopingcountriesboiledwaterdevelopedcountries

1.分词的基本意义：2021/5/9221.2分词的时态和形式

主动语态

被动语态一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone过去分词只有一种形式done2021/5/9233.1.1

现在分词作定语，表主动意义；3.1.2

过去分词作定语，表被动完成意义；Eg：Therearetworoadsbeforeus，oneleadingtothebeach，theothertothepark.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruitgrownonhisownfarm.2021/5/9241.Afewdaysaftertheinterview．Ireceivedaletter

meadmissiontotheuniversity.A．offering B．offered C．havingoffered D．tobeoffered2.It’sreportedthatthebridge_______nextyearwillbeverylong.A.beingbuiltB.buildingC.tobebuiltD.built3.Blackboxes,______torecordFlightdatatogetherwithpilots’conversationandnoisesfrom

theaircraft,areimportantforpeopletofindoutthecauseofanaircrash.design B.designing C.designed D.weredesignedACC2021/5/9253.2

分词作表语Iamsurprisedtohearthenews.Thenewsissurprising.2021/5/9263.2

分词作宾补Weheardhimsingingthesongwhenwecamein.Wehaveheardthesongsungtwice.Weheardhimsingthesongalldaylong.1.Themissingboyswerelastseen

neartheriver.A．playing B．tobeplayingC．play D．toplay2.Thenextmorningshefoundtheman

inbed,dead. A．lying B．lieC．layD．Laying3.BecauseofmypoorEnglishI’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself_________.understandB.beunderstoodC.understoodD.understanding

AAC2021/5/9273.4.1Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,___thatallchildrenlikethesethings.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thoughtA3.4.1

现分作状语，主动，表原因。3.4分词作状语：2021/5/9283.4.2___differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutthemanysimilarities.ComparedB.BeingcomparedC.ComparingD.HavingcomparedC3.4.2现分作状语，主动，表时间。2021/5/9293.4.3Don’tsitthere___nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.A.doB.todoC.doingD.anddoingC3.4.3

现分作状语，主动，表伴随。3.4.4___time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.GivenD3.4.4过分作状语，被动，表条件。2021/5/9303.4.5Alotofgoodlandhasgonewiththem,___onlysand.toleaveB.leavingC.leftD.beingleavingB3.4.5

现分作状语，主动，表结果。*todo也表结果,如：e.g.Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetraingone.区别：不定式表预料之外的结果；现分表自然的结果。2021/5/931四归纳非谓语动词的作用及形式非谓语动词形式不定式动名词分词主宾表定状补2021/5/932非谓语

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形式一般式进行式完成式一般式进行式完成式

不定式动名词现分过分tododoingdoingdonetobedoingtohavedonehavingdonehavingdonetobedonebeingdonebeingdonetohavebeendonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone2021/5/933五独立主格结构1.分词的独立主格：Themeeting___over,hewenttopickuphissondirectly.A.tobeB.isC.wasD.beingD分词在句中作状语时，可以有自己的逻辑主语，由名词或代词的主格充当，置于分词前，这种结构称为分词的独立主格结构。它不是句子，因为没有实际的主语和谓语，表时间，原因，条件或方式。2021/5/9341.1___,we’llgooutforawalk.WeatherpermitsB.WeathertopermitC.WeatherpermittedD.WeatherpermittingD1.2TomlookedatJenny,tears___hiseyes,andshoutedoutthewords__inhisheartforyears.filling;havingbeenhiddenfilled;hiddenC.filling;hiddenD.filled;hidingC2021/5/9351.3Everything___intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.takingBMore:Heguidingtheblindgirl,theywalkedslowlyacrossthestreet.Shelayagainstthewall,thesunshininguponherface.2021/5/9364.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather.A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permit5.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen__

suchartformsasmusicandpainting.A.havingcomparedtoB.comparingtoC.comparetoD.comparedto6._______withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.Use B.UsingC.UsedD.Touse7.______atthedoorbeforeyouentermyroom,please.A.Knock B.KnockingC.Kn