江苏省南通市2023-2024学年高三上学期开学统考英语试题(（解析版）)

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江苏省南通市2023-2024学年高三上学期开学统考英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATherearethousandsofincredibletrailsthatallowustogetupclosetonatureandhereare4ofthebesthikingtrailsintheworld.PennineWay,theUnitedKingdomStretching268milesfromtheDerbyshirePeakDistricttotheScottishBorders,thePennineWayistheUnitedKingdom’smostfamouslong-distancepath.Theentirewalktakesaroundthreeweeks,passingoverwildeastofManchesterandthroughthepicturesqueYorkshireDales,beforecrossingtheancientborderofHadrian’sWallandmovingontowardScotland.CaminodeSantiagodeCompostela,SpainRatherthanfollowingasinglepath,theCamino,alsoknownastheWayofStJames,isactuallyaseriesofdifferentpilgrimage(朝圣)routes.ThemostpopularmodemroutefollowsalineacrossnorthernSpainfromtheFrenchPyrenees.Whilesomechoosetostayatmonasteries(修道院)alongtheway,plentyofoperatorsofferhotelstaysandluggagetransfers.AppalachianTrail,theUnitedStatesExtendingfor2,200miles,theAppalachianTrailisbilledasthelongesthiking-onlyfootpathintheworld.ItrunsfromSpringerMountaininGeorgiatoMountKatahdininMaine,passingthroughsomeofthemostremoteplacesintheUnitedStates.ThosekeenoncomfortcanusecompanieslikeGoShenandoah,whichofferspre-bookedaccommodationandpackedlunches.TheBashoWayfarer，JapanThisself-guidedtripfollowsaroutetakenbythepoetMatsuoBashoover300yearsago.Thesix-dayhikestartsinSendaiandworksitswaythroughthenorthernTobokuregion,passingthroughtheUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteofHiraizumiandalongtheancientDewaKaidopath,withitswonderfulforests,beforeheadingintothemountainsofNatagiri-togeandfinishingatthetempleofYamadera.1.Whichhikingtrailwillallowhikerstoseetheoldwall?A.PennineWay. B.AppalachianTrail.C.TheBashoWayfarer. D.CaminodeSantiagodeCompostela.2.WhatdoCaminodeSantiagodeCompostelaandAppalachianTrailhaveincommon?A.Theyhavemorethanonepopularroute.B.Theyhavebeautifulsceneryalongtheway.C.Hikersonthetwotrailscangetthedesiredhelp.D.Hikersonthetwotrailsmaygetacrosstwocountries.3.WhatcanahikerdoifhechoosesTheBashoWayfarer?A.Stayatamonastery. B.Visitfamousancientsites.C.Findaguidetoaccompanyhim. D.Pre-bookaccommodationandlunches.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是世界上最好的接近大自然的四条有不同特色的远足路线。〖答案〗1.A2.D3.B1．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据PennineWay,theUnitedKingdom部分中的“Theentirewalktakesaroundthreeweeks,passingoverwildeastofManchesterandthroughthepicturesqueYorkshireDales,beforecrossingtheancientborderofHadrian’sWallandmovingontowardScotland.(整个旅程大约需要三个星期，经过曼彻斯特东部的荒野，穿过风景如画的约克郡山谷，然后穿过哈德良长城的古老边界，继续向苏格兰前进。)”可知，这条远足路线可以经过哈德良长城的古老边界，由此可知，PennineWay可以看到古老的城墙。故选A项。2．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据CaminodeSantiagodeCompostela,Spain部分中的“ThemostpopularmodemroutefollowsalineacrossnorthernSpainfromtheFrenchPyrenees.(最受欢迎的现代路线是从法国比利牛斯山脉穿过西班牙北部的一条线路。)”可知，该路线是从法国的比利牛斯山脉穿过西班牙的北部，根据AppalachianTrail,theUnitedStates部分中的“ItrunsfromSpringerMountaininGeorgiatoMountKatahdininMaine,passingthroughsomeofthemostremoteplacesintheUnitedStates.(它从佐治亚州的斯普林格山一直延伸到缅因州的卡塔丁山，途经美国一些最偏远的地方。)”可知，该路线途径美国一些最偏远的地方，由此可知，这两条线路共同之处在于他们可以穿越两个国家。故选D项。3．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据TheBashoWayfarer,Japan部分中的“Thesix-dayhikestartsinSendaiandworksitswaythroughthenorthernTobokuregion,passingthroughtheUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteofHiraizumiandalongtheancientDewaKaidopath,withitswonderfulforests,beforeheadingintothemountainsofNatagiri-togeandfinishingatthetempleofYamadera.(为期六天的徒步旅行从仙台开始，穿过东北地区北部，经过联合国教科文组织世界遗产平泉，沿着古老的DewaKaido小径，沿途有美丽的森林，然后进入natagii-toge山脉，最后到达山寺。)”可知，该线路途径联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产平泉，由此可知，在这条路线徒步旅行可以参观著名的古迹。故选B项。BI’m52,andassurprisingasitmayseem.I’magymnast.Inasportforyounggirls,Ihavefoundanunlikelypathtojoy.WhenIenterthegym,nomatterhowmuchstressImightbefeeling,mymindclearsandIforgetmylife.IthinkofnothingbutwhatIamdoing.WhenIwas9,IwenteverySaturdaytoagymnasticacademy.Thecoachhadgrayhairandworeballetshoesandhadboundlessenthusiasm.Hewouldsay,“Youaregoingtobeagymnast.”AndIbelievedhim.IvividlyrememberthefirsttimeIdidaroundoffbackhandspringbymyself,theweightlessnessofit.IlivedforSaturdaymornings.Ionlyeverdidgymnasticsrecreationally—Ididn’tevenknowrealgymsexisted—butIalwayslovedit.Thatlongdormant(蛰伏的)lovecameroaringbackinmyforties.Ithappenedinaninstant,atparents’dayformydaughter’sbeginninggymnasticsclass.Thebarswerejustsittingthere,andIhadthisoverwhelmingurgetograbholdandswing.ButIcouldn’tmakeitthroughthewarmup(热身运动)atthefirstadultclassIwent.Ifeltbadduringconditioning.Iwastheoldestpersonthere.Butthatsparkofmemoryglowedwithpossibility.Iwentbacktoclassagain,andagain.Itwashardanditwashumbling.ButsoonIwasdoingbackhandspringslikeIusedto.Thereisnothinglikethethrillofgettinganewskill,thatcombinationofspeed,mechanics,timing,muscles,guts.Thereisanineffable(不可言喻的)element,too,somethinglikefaith.Bythetimewereachmiddleage,mostofushavehadtodealwithourfairshareofunwelcomesurprises,likeillness,familycrisisorthedeathofabelovedparent.Butgymnasticshasbroughtthemostdelightfulsurprises-Ikeepgettingbetter,surpassingwhatIthoughtwerelimits,amazingmyselfbywhatIcando.Atatimeinlifewhenmanythingsfeelliketheyareslidingdowntheslopetowardsold,gymnasticsisagiftoffluencyandcompetenceinmotion.I’minthebestshapeofmylife.I’mabettergymnastnowthanIwasat16.4.Whatinspiredtheauthortolovegymnasticswhenshewasyoung?A.HerSaturdayroutine. B.Thecoach’senthusiasm.C.Herwishtobeagymnast. D.Pleasurefromgymnastics.5.Whatmadetheauthorgobacktogymnasticclassesinherforties?A.Herdutyasaresponsibleparent.B.Thedesiretofitinwithherdaughter.C.Thestrongurgetoplaywiththebars.D.Hersweetmemoryofdoinggymnastics.6.Whichofthefollowingcandescribetheauthor’spersonality?A.Faithfulandeasygoing. B.Humbleandcompetent.C.Passionateandpersistent. D.Ambitiousandconsiderate.7.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Thedreamofafitnesswoman B.Amiddle-agedperson’spursuit.C.Thestoryofasuccessfulgymnast. D.Asport-lover’sunusualexperience.【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者小时候就很喜欢体操，在四十多岁的时候如何重拾体操技能，并在后来成为一个体操运动员，感受到了体操带来的快乐和惊喜，并找到了这辈子状态最好的自己，告诉人们即使到了中年我们也不要放弃追求自己所爱，并找到更好的自己。〖答案〗4.D5.D6.C7.B4．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第二段“Iwentbacktoclassagain,andagain.Itwashardanditwashumbling.ButsoonIwasdoingbackhandspringslikeIusedto.”(我做体操只是为了娱乐——我甚至不知道有真正的健身房存在——但我一直很喜欢它。)可知，作者喜欢体操只是为了娱乐，即作者能从体操中感受到愉悦。故选D项。5．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第三段“ButIcouldn’tmakeitthroughthewarmup(热身运动)atthefirstadultclassIwent.Ifeltbadduringconditioning.Iwastheoldestpersonthere.Butthatsparkofmemoryglowedwithpossibility.Iwentbacktoclassagain,andagain.Itwashardanditwashumbling.ButsoonIwasdoingbackhandspringslikeIusedto.”（但在我去的第一堂成人课上，我没能熬过热身。我在训练过程中感觉很糟糕。我是那里年龄最大的人。但那记忆的火花却闪耀着无限的可能。我一次又一次地回到教室。)可知，虽然对于四十多岁的作者而言练习体操的过程很艰难，但记忆的美好却让作者没有放弃，一次次重回体操课。故选D项。6．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，作者在九岁的时候出于娱乐的目的，学习了体操；根据倒数第二段“Thatlongdormant(蛰伏的)lovecameroaringbackinmyforties.Ithappenedinaninstant,atparents’dayformydaughter’sbeginninggymnasticsclass.Thebarswerejustsittingthere,andIhadthisoverwhelmingurgetograbholdandswing.ButIcouldn’tmakeitthroughthewarmup(热身运动)atthefirstadultclassIwent.Ifeltbadduringconditioning.Iwastheoldestpersonthere.Butthatsparkofmemoryglowedwithpossibility.Iwentbacktoclassagain,andagain.Itwashardanditwashumbling.ButsoonIwasdoingbackhandspringslikeIusedto.”(在我四十多岁的时候，那份沉睡已久的爱又呼啸而来。这一切发生在一瞬间，就在我女儿开始上体操课的家长日。栏杆就放在那里，我有一种强烈的冲动，想抓住栏杆，挥杆。但在我去的第一堂成人课上，我没能熬过热身。我在训练过程中感觉很糟糕。我是那里年龄最大的人。但那记忆的火花却闪耀着无限的可能。我一次又一次地回到教室。这很艰难，也很谦卑。但很快我就能像以前一样做后手翻了。)可知，时隔多年，在中年的时候重拾对于体操的热爱，克服了最初的困难之后，作者掌握了这项技能，遇见了更好的自己，可知即使到了中年，作者仍然能抱着热情积极的态度，坚持不懈地学习自己所热爱的体操。可推断她是一个热情且执着的人。故选C项。7．〖解析〗主旨大意题。纵观文章可知，作者在第一段就表明了自己已到中年，却仍然在做着年轻人的运动——体操，接下来介绍了作者与体操的渊源：九岁接触体操，四十多岁重返体操课堂，并获得了这项技能，在最后作者发表了自己的感想：即使到了中年，我们也可以去追求更好的自己，寻找更好的状态，所以C选项“一个中年人的追求”概括了文章内容。故选B项。CTopfigureskatersspinatsuchunbelievablyfastspeeds—asmanyassixrevolutionspersecond—thatitcanmakeevenaudiencesfeelalittledizzy.Althoughtheyoccasionallyfalldownuponlanding,figureskatersmostlyspinthroughtheairwithoutlosingtheirbalance.That’sbecausetheyhaveconditionedtheirbodiesandbrainstostopthatdizzyingfeeling.KathleenCullen,aprofessoratJohnsHopkinsUniversity,studiesthevestibular(前庭的)system,whichisresponsibleforoursenseofbalanceandmotion,andsaysspinningwithoutfallingfromdizzinessisanartperfectedovertime.Atthestartoftheircareers,skatersandotherathletesfeeldizzywhentheyspinaround.Butultimately,theytraintheirbrainstobetterinterpretthatfeeling.“Somethingreallyfundamentalhappensinthebrainofpeoplelikedancersorskatersoverlotsofpractice.Andthat’sbasicallyachangeinthewaythebrainisprocessinginformation,”Cullensays.“Whenyouspinaround,you’reactivatingthesemicircularcanals(半规管).They’refilledwithliquidandthey’resensingyourcircularmovement.Butwhenyoustop,theliquidhasinertiaandittendstocontinuetomove.Theygetafalsesensationofmovement.Overyearsoftraining,figureskaters’brainshaveadaptedandlearnedtoignorethiserror.”Athletesalsolearnwaystoreducetheirdizziness.Forexample,focusingonafixedreferenceormotionlessobjectminimizesdizzinessandlossofbalance.“Balletdancersoftenmovetheirheadsaroundduringeachturntofixateonavisualreference.Similarly,attheendofthespin,athleteswillfocusonaspecificspotonthewalltoprovideafixedreference,”Cullensays.“Thebrainandtheinnerearareinconstantcommunicationwiththebodyandoneanothertoachievebalance,”saysBrigidDwyer,anassistantprofessorofneurologyatBostonUniversitySchoolofMedicine.“Formostpeople,however,dizzinessisonlyapotentialissueduringfasterandmoreforcefulactivities,”Dwyersays.“Amazingly,whenneeded,ourbrainscanbewelladaptedtothedizzyingtasksweencounter.”8.Whydofigureskatershardlyfeeldizzyafterspinningintheair?A.Theycanmaintainthebalancewell.B.Theyareingoodphysicalcondition.C.Theyhavetrainedlongperiodsforthat.D.Theyaregiftedatcontrollingtheirbrain9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inertia”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Theforcetomakeanobjectmovefaster.B.Theforcetogetanobjecttostartmoving.C.Thenaturetochangeanobject’soriginalstate.D.Thenaturetoremainanobject’soriginalstate.10.WhatdoesParagraph3focuson?A.Scientificanalyses. B.Helpfulperception.C.Practicalexamples. D.Amazingoutcome.11.WhatdoesBrigidDwyerseemtotellusinthelastparagraph?A.Dizzinessexistsinmanydynamicactivities.B.Thebraincancommunicatewithinnerears.C.Communicationisvitaltokeepingbalance.D.Thebraincanbeusedtodizzinessovertime.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了花样滑冰运动员大多在空中旋转而不会失去平衡的原因。〖答案〗8.D9.D10.A11.D8．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据文章第一段“That’sbecausetheyhaveconditionedtheirbodiesandbrainstostopthatdizzyingfeeling.(这是因为他们已经调整了自己的身体和大脑来阻止这种令人眩晕的感觉。)”可知，之所以花样滑冰运动员在空中旋转后几乎不会感到头晕是因为他们擅长控制调整自己的大脑。故选D项。9．〖解析〗词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“They’refilledwithliquidandthey’resensingyourcircularmovement.(它们充满了液体，它们能感知你的圆周运动。)”和“ittendstocontinuetomove.(它倾向于继续移动。)”可知，当你停下来的时候，它倾向于继续移动，说明液体是有惯性的，所以可推知画线词是“惯性”。故选D项。10．〖解析〗主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Somethingreallyfundamentalhappensinthebrainofpeoplelikedancersorskatersoverlotsofpractice.Andthat’sbasicallyachangeinthewaythebrainisprocessinginformation(经过大量的练习，像舞者或滑冰运动员这样的人的大脑中会发生一些非常基本的事情。这基本上是大脑处理信息方式的改变)”可知，本段的重点是聚焦在对运动员的大脑信息处理方式的科学分析上。故选A项。11．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Amazingly,whenneeded,ourbrainscanbewelladaptedtothedizzyingtasksweencounter.(令人惊讶的是，当需要时，我们的大脑可以很好地适应我们遇到的令人眼花缭乱的任务。)”可知，布丽吉德·德怀尔在最后一段似乎告诉了我们，随着时间的推移，大脑可以习惯头晕。故选D项。D“Goingwirelessisthefutureforjustabouteverything!”ThatisaquotefromscientistSreekanthChalasani,andwecan’thelpbutagree.Realizingthis,ateamofscientistshasmadeabreakthroughtowardwirelesslycontrollinghumancellsusingsound,inatechniquecalled“sonogenetics(声遗传学).”Thisconceptmayseemstrangebutletusexplain.Basically,theterm“sonogenetics”meansusingultrasound(超声波)tochangethebehaviorofcellsinanon-invasivemanner.“Wealreadyknowthatultrasoundissafe,andthatitcangothroughbone,muscleandothertissues,makingittheultimatetoolforcontrollingcellsdeepinthebody,”saysChalasani.Low-frequencyultrasoundwavescantargetaparticularproteinthatissensitivetothesignal.Thisresearch,publishedinNatureCommunications,focusedonTRPA1.Whenthisproteinisstimulatedthroughtheultrasoundwaves,italsostimulatesthecellswhichcarryit.Whattypeofcellisbeingstimulateddependsontheoutcome.Forexample,amusclecellmaycontractwithstimulation,oraneuron(神经元)inthebrainwillfire.Inthisexperiment,scientistsgeneticallymarkedcellswithanincreasedconcentrationofTRPA1,makingthemthekeytargetsoftheultrasoundwaves.Currently,treatingconditionslikeParkinson’sdiseaserequiresscientiststoimplantelectrodes(电极)inthebrainwhichstimulatecertaindisorderedcells.Researchershopethatsonogeneticscanonedayreplacetheseinvasivetreatments.Inthefuture,theteamwantstoadjusttheplacementandamountofTRPAIaroundthebodyusingthegenetreatment.Genedeliverytechniqueshavealreadybeenshowntobesuccessfulinhumans,suchasintreatingblindness.Therefore,it’sjustacaseofadjustingthistheorytoadifferentsound-basedsetting.“Genedeliverytechniquesalreadyexistforgettinganewgene—suchasTRPA1—intothehumanheart,”Chalasanisays.“Ifwecanthenuseanexternalultrasounddevicetoactivatethosecells,thatcouldreallychangepacemakers.”Thereisstillawhiletogobeforethistreatmentcanbecomeareality.Thefutureforsonogenetics,though,looksbright.12.What’sworkingprincipleforsonogenetics?A.Usingmedicineinterventionaltherapies.B.Changingcells’shapewithnewequipment.C.Controllingcellsinanon-invasivemanner.D.Usingakindofuniquemedicalcomposition.13.Whatdidthescientistsdointheexperiment?A.Changetheconcentrationoftheprotein.B.Findtargetcellsfortreatmentprecisely.C.Analyzetheproteinsensitivetothesign.D.Choosethetypeofcelltobestimulated.14.WhatcanwelearnaboutsonogeneticsfromParagraphs4and5?A.Itcanbeappliedtootherfieldsbesidesmedicine.B.Itmayreplacesometraditionalmedicaltherapies.C.Itwilltotallytransformgenedeliverytechniques.D.Ithassucceededincuringdiseaseslikeblindness.15.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.Cancellsbecontrolledbysound?B.Howissonogeneticsclinicallyused?C.Aregenedeliverytechniquesavailable?D.Whatareapplicationsofsonogenetics?【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家在声音无线控制人类细胞方面取得了突破，这项技术被称为“声遗传学”技术，并进一步介绍了其原理、工作方式及发展前景。〖答案〗12.C13.B14.B15.A12．〖解析〗细节理解题。根据第一段“Basically,theterm“sonogenetics”meansusingultrasound(超声波)tochangethebehaviorofcellsinanon-invasivemanner.”(基本上，“超声遗传学”一词意味着使用超声波以非侵入性的方式改变细胞的行为。)可知，生遗传学的工作原理是通过非入侵方式来控制细胞。故选C项。13．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第三段“Low--frequencyultrasoundwavescantargetaparticularproteinthatissensitivetothesignal.Thisresearch,publishedinNatureCommunications,focusedonTRPA1.Whenthisproteinisstimulatedthroughtheultrasoundwaves,italsostimulatesthecellswhichcarryit.”(低频超声波可以瞄准对信号敏感的特定蛋白质。这项研究发表在《自然通讯》上，重点关注TRPA1。当这种蛋白质受到超声波的刺激时，它也会刺激携带它的细胞。哪种类型的细胞受到刺激取决于结果。)及“Inthisexperiment,scientistsgeneticallymarkedcellswithanincreasedconcentrationofTRPA1,makingthemthekeytargetsoftheultrasoundwaves.”(在这个实验中，科学家们用基因标记了细胞中TRPA1浓度的增加，使它们成为超声波的关键目标。)可知，科学家通过干预细胞上的蛋白质TRPA1，使它们成为低频超声波的瞄准对象，从而刺激携带了这种蛋白质的细胞，从而达到治疗的目的，所以科学家在实验中做的是精确地找到治疗的目标细胞。故选B项。14．〖解析〗推理判断题。根据第四段“Currently,treatingconditionslikeParkinson’sdiseaserequiresscientiststoimplantelectrodes(电极)inthebrainwhichstimulatecertaindisorderedcells.Researchershopethatsonogeneticscanonedayreplacetheseinvasivetreatments.”(目前，治疗帕金森氏症等疾病需要科学家在大脑中植入电极来刺激某些紊乱的细胞。研究人员希望超声遗传学有朝一日能取代这些侵入性治疗。)及第五段“Inthefuture,theteamwantstoadjusttheplacementandamountofTRPAIaroundthebodyusingthegenetreatment.Genedeliverytechniqueshavealreadybeenshowntobesuccessfulinhumans,suchasintreatingblindness.Therefore,it’sjustacaseofadjustingthistheorytoadifferentsound-basedsetting.”(未来，该团队希望通过基因治疗来调整TRPAI在身体周围的位置和数量。基因传递技术已经在人类身上被证明是成功的，比如在治疗失明方面。因此，这只是将这一理论调整到另一个不同的基于声音环境的案例。)可知，基因传递技术已经被证明是成功的，因而利用超声遗传学取代一些传统的侵入性治疗是有可能的。故选B项。15．〖解析〗主旨大意题。文章第一段“Realizingthis,ateamofscientistshasmadeabreakthroughtowardwirelesslycontrollinghumancellsusingsound,inatechniquecalled‘onogenetics(声遗传学).”(意识到这一点，一组科学家在利用声音无线控制人类细胞方面取得了突破，他们采用了一种被称为“声遗传学”的技术)可知，文章主要围绕生遗传学，即利用声音控制细胞展开说明，接下来分段进一步说明了其原理、工作方式及发展前景，所以A“细胞可以被声音控制吗？”以设问的方式，概括了文章的中心内容。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题25分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Withatougheconomy,it’sdifficulttomeetouremployees’expectationofsalaryincreases.____16____Well,herearesomeimportantfactorsthathelpemployeesimprovetheirworkefficiency,inadditiontomoney.Recognizingaperson’sstrongcontributionisimportant,whichcantakemanyforms.Examplesincludetakingsomeonetolunchandlettingthemknowhowmuchyouvaluetheirperformance.Youpubliclyrecognizesomeone’sperformancewithdetailsofwhattheydid.____17____Theseshouldbedoneatannualeventsinthepresenceoftheirpeers.Anotheroneismotivationalclimate.Takealookaroundattheworkenvironmentanddowhateveryoucantomakeitamorepleasantplace.Therearemanywaystoupgradeaworkingenvironment,whichwillbeappreciatedbyemployeesworkingtherelonghoursaday.____18____Makeitclearthatyou’redoingthis“inrecognitionofyourstrongcontributions”untilthebusinessimproves.Youcaninvitethemtoapartytosimplycelebratetheirgoodwork.Dosometeam-buildingexercisesthatarefunandmotivating.Bouncesomeideasoffthemofhowtoachieveyourbusinessgoals.____19________20____Toachievethis,keepyourdooropen.Showyourcareaboutthem.Takeaninterestintheirfamilies,theirhobbies,andtheirdevelopment.Openuptothemandlistenmore.Ofcourseittakestimeandefforttobuildgoodrelationshipswithpeople.Butit’sworththeinvestment.A.Certificatesofhonorcanevenbepresented.B.Howcanwemotivatethemtokeepdynamic?C.Whatcanwedotohavethemstayonthejob?D.Trustworthypeoplearefarmorelikelytocooperate.E.Whatcanalsoinspireemployeesistrustandunderstanding.F.Conductgroupbrainstormsaboutwaystoincreasesalesfigures.G.Ifyouaren’tsurewhattodo,askyouremployeeswhatthey’dlike.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是激励员工，帮助员工提高工作效率的方法和策略。〖答案〗16.B17.A18.G19.F20.E16．〖解析〗根据空后的“Well,herearesomeimportantfactorsthathelpemployeesimprovetheirworkefficiency,inadditiontomoney.(除了钱，这里有一些重要的因素可以帮助员工提高工作效率。)”可知，此处是对空处内容做出的回答，所以，此空应为提出问题，B选项“Howcanwemotivatethemtokeepdynamic?(我们怎样才能激励他们保持活力呢？)”与空后的内容衔接，且为疑问句。故选B项。17．〖解析〗根据本段的主题句“Recognizingaperson’sstrongcontributionisimportant,whichcantakemanyforms.(承认一个人的巨大贡献是很重要的，这可以有很多形式。)”可知，本段讲述的是承认一个人巨大贡献的形式，A选项“Certificatesofhonorcanevenbepresented.(甚至还可以颁发荣誉证书。)”讲述的是颁发荣誉证书，这是认可员工所做贡献的一种形式，与本段的主题一致，且与空前的“Youpubliclyrecognizesomeone’sperformancewithdetailsofwhattheydid.(你公开承认某人的表现，并详细描述他们的行为。)”讲述的内容衔接，选项中的even表示对他们的进一步认可。故选A项。18．〖解析〗根据空前的“Therearemanywaystoupgradeaworkingenvironment,whichwillbeappreciatedbyemployeesworkingtherelonghoursaday.(有很多方法可以改善工作环境，这将受到每天工作很长时间的员工的欢迎。)”可知，改善工作环境的方法有很多种，根据空后的“Makeitclearthatyou’redoingthis“inrecognitionofyourstrongcontributions”untilthebusinessimproves.(明确表示你这样做是为了“表彰你的杰出贡献”，直到业务好转。)”可知，一定要明确表示你这样做的目的，G选项“Ifyouaren’tsurewhattodo,askyouremployeeswhatthey’dlike.(如果你不确定该怎么做，问问你的员工他们想要什么。)”讲述的是在自己不知道做什么的情况下，问一下员工喜欢什么，与空前内容衔接，且与空后的内容一致。故选G项。19．〖解析〗根据空前的“Dosometeam-buildingexercisesthatarefunandmotivating.Bouncesomeideasoffthemofhowtoachieveyourbusinessgoals.(做一些有趣又能激励人的团队建设练习。从他们那里得到一些关于如何实现你的商业目标的想法。)”可知，在组织团建活动是，可以从他们那里得到一些实现你商业目标的想法，F选项“Conductgroupbrainstormsaboutwaystoincreasesalesfigures.(组织小组头脑风暴，讨论增加销售数字的方法。)”讲述的也是组织团建活动是可以获取的信息，与空前的内容一致。故选F项。20．〖解析〗分析语篇可知，此处为本段的主题句，根据空后的“Toachievethis,keepyourdooropen.Showyourcareaboutthem.Takeaninterestintheirfamilies,theirhobbies,andtheirdevelopment.Openuptothemandlistenmore.(要做到这一点，敞开你的大门。表现出你对他们的关心。关心他们的家庭，他们的爱好和他们的发展。向他们敞开心扉，多倾听。)”可知，向他们敞开心扉，关系他们的家庭，他们的爱好与发展，多倾听，由此可知，本段讲述的是要信任和理解你的员工，E选项“Whatcanalsoinspireemployeesistrustandunderstanding.(同样可以激励员工的是信任和理解。)”讲述的内容是要信任和理解员工，与空后的内容一致，且概括了空后的内容。故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分。满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A,B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mygrandmotheristhewomanwhoplaysasignificantroleinmylife.It’sparticularly____21____becausethisisthefirstyearofmylifethatshehasn’tbeenwithus,butshecontinuesto____22____meinsomanyways.Shewasa(n)____23____grandmother.Shewasthe____24____ofourfamily.Shegrewupinanerawhenwomenwerenotexpectedtohave____25____,buthavingleftschoolinherteensduetopoverty,sheworkeddayandnightto____26____abusinesswithmygrandfather,managingtosaveenoughmoneytosendmyfathertoagoodschool.Shewasfamousforher____27____,soeveryonelovedhercakes.Shealwaysgotinvolvedinsociallifeand____28____,spending50yearsofherlifeworkingfortheirlocalvillagecommittee.She____29____goodmemories,sayinghowshewouldkeeptheminhermindandgetthemoutwhenevershewantedthepleasureofrecallingthepast.Shewouldn’tfocuson_____30_____,though,sayingthatit“doesn’tdogoodtolookbacktoomuch”.Weliveinatimewhenwomenare_____31_____tohaveitall.Mygrandmother,borninthe1920s,haditallbeforeitwasfashionable.The_____32_____,however,wasthatshenevermadeitabouther.She_____33_____herlifetootherpeopleandkeptpositivebecauseofit.She_____34_____metoseekthegood,notpaymuchattentiontothebadandtakeaninterestinsomething_____35_____.Thankyou,Granny.21.A.sad B.free C.special D.easy22.A.remind B.hurt C.influence D.shock23.A.delicate B.advanced C.humble D.devoted24.A.servant B.center C.origin D.volunteer25.A.morals B.education C.careers D.wealth26.A.establish B.approach C.reserve D.control27.A.taste B.design C.cooking D.training28.A.backeddown B.helpedout C.brokedown D.stoodout29.A.treasured B.erased C.generated D.upgraded30.A.relationship B.hardship C.leadership D.friendship31.A.scheduled B.forced C.chosen D.expected32.A.difference B.feature C.possibility D.process33.A.addicted B.compared C.exposed D.contributed34.A.bothered B.threatened C.shaped D.promised35.A.profitable B.positive C.strange D.romantic【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是奶奶不平凡的经历教会了作者珍惜美好的事物，不去思考不好的事情，并且对每件事情都感兴趣。〖答案〗21.A22.C23.D24.D25.C26.A27.C28.B29.A30.B31.D32.A33.D34.C35.B21．〖解析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尤其令人难过的是，这是我生命中的第一年她没有和我们在一起，但她继续在很多方面影响着我。A.sad伤心的；B.free自由的；C.special特别的；D.easy容易的。根据下文中的“becausethisisthefirstyearofmylifethatshehasn’tbeenwithus”可知，因为这是没有奶奶与我们在一起的第一年，所以此处应是“伤心的”。故选A项。22．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：尤其令人难过的是，这是我生命中的第一年她没有和我们在一起，但她继续在很多方面影响着我。A.remind提醒；B.hurt伤害；C.influence影响；D.shock使震惊。根据全文和下文中的“She____14____metoseekthegood,notpaymuchattentiontothebadandtakeaninterestinsomething____15____.”可知，奶奶教给作者很多事情，所以此处应是“影响”着作者。故选C项。23．〖解析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她是一位慈爱的祖母。A.delicate精美的，脆弱的；B.advanced先进的；C.humble谦逊的；D.devoted挚爱的。根据上文“It’sparticularlybecausethisisthefirstyearofmylifethatshehasn’tbeenwithus,butshecontinuesto2meinsomanyways.”可知，对于作者来说祖母是慈爱的。故选D项。24．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：她是我们家的自告奋勇者。A.servant仆人；B.center中心；C.origin起源；D.volunteer自告奋勇者，战士。根据语境和下文中的“sheworkeddayandnightto_______abusinesswithmygrandfather,managingtosaveenoughmoneytosendmyfathertoagoodschool.”可知，奶奶夜以继日的工作，攒钱送作者的父亲去好学校上学，由此可知，奶奶是我们家的“战士”符合语境。故选D项。25．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：她成长在一个女性不被期望有事业的时代，由于贫困，她在十几岁的时候就辍学了，但是她日夜工作，和我的祖父一起创业，设法攒够了钱，让我的父亲上了一所好学校。A.morals道德；B.education教育；C.careers职业；D.wealth财富。根据下文中的“Weliveinatimewhenwomenare________tohaveitall.”与此处形成对比，现在我们生活在女性被期望拥有一切，而奶奶那时是不被期望有“事业”的时代，并结合下文中的but和“sheworkeddayandnightto_______abusinesswithmygrandfather”可知，奶奶却与爷爷一起“创业”帮助作者父亲去上好的学校。故选C项。26．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：她成长在一个女性不被期望有事业的时代，但由于贫困，她在十几岁的时候就辍学了，但是她日夜工作，和我的祖父一起创业，设法攒够了钱，让我的父亲上了一所好学校。A.establish建立，创立；B.approach接近；C.reserve预留；D.control控制。根据下文中“abusinesswithmygrandfather,managingtosaveenoughmoneytosendmyfathertoagoodschool.”可知，奶奶她与爷爷一起“创业”，establishabusiness意为“创业”。故选A项。27．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：她以烹饪闻名，所以每个人都喜欢她做的蛋糕。A.taste口味；B.design设计；C.cooking厨艺；D.training培训。根据下文中的“soeveryonelovedhercakes.”可知，大家都喜欢她做的糕饼，所以此处指的是“厨艺”符合语境。故选C项。28．〖解析〗考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她总是参与社会生活，帮助别人，在当地的村委会工作了50年。A.backeddown放弃，认输；B.helpedout帮助摆脱困境；C.brokedown累垮；D.stoodout显眼，杰出。根据上文中的“Shealwaysgotinvolvedinsociallife”以及下文中的“spending50yearsofherlifeworkingfortheirlocalvillagecommittee.”可知，奶奶热衷于参加社会活动，在当地村委会工作了50多年，由此可推断，此处指的是“帮助走出困境”符合语境。故选B项。29．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：她珍藏着美好的回忆，说她会把它们记在心里，当她想要回忆过去的快乐时，就把它们拿出来。A.treasured珍藏；B.erased擦除；C.generated产生；D.upgraded升级。根据下文中的“sayinghowshewouldkeeptheminhermindandgetthemoutwhenevershewantedthepleasureofrecallingthepast.”可知，奶奶说自己想要回忆过去快乐的事情的时候，就把他们拿出来，由此可知，此处指的是“珍藏”美好的记忆。故选A项。30．〖解析〗考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，她不会把重点放在艰难困苦上，她说“回头看太多没有好处”。A.relationship关系；B.hardship艰难；C.leadership领导才能；D.friendship友谊。根据下文中的“though,sayingthatit“doesn’tdogoodtolookbacktoomuch”可知，此处讲述的与上文内容相反，上文中介绍的是奶奶珍藏美好的记忆，而此处对应的是奶奶不关注“艰难”的事情，因为回顾这些没什么好处。故选B项。31．〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们生活在一个期望女性拥有一切的时代。A.scheduled计划；B.forced强迫；C.chosen选择；D.expected期望。根据上文中的“Shegr