高三英语一轮复习名词性从句讲义

语法之名词性从句一．名词性分类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句二．引导词的句法功能：引导的从句的语气在从句中所作成分意思that陈述语气//what疑问/陈述做主、宾、表、定语1.什么2....的...；who/whom疑问分别做主、宾语谁whose疑问做定语谁的which疑问做主、宾、表、定语哪一个when疑问做时间状语什么时候where疑问做地点状语哪里why疑问做原因状语为什么how疑问做方式状语怎样/多么…whether/if疑问不做成分是否特殊情况：what表示陈述语气时，根据句意有不同的翻译，代指任何具体或抽象的人、事、物，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语it/that/thisiswhen….那就是…的时候it/that/thisiswhere…那就是…的地方it/that/thisiswhy….那就是…的原因it/that/thisishow…那就是…的方式注意：无论名词性从句由什么引导词引导，表示陈述语气还是疑问语气，语序一律用陈述语序（即：主谓语序不变，主语在前谓语在后）三．that与what引导名词性从句时的区别区别方法：1.从句的语气2.是否在从句中做成分3.是否翻译四．名词性从句中引导词that的省略1.当that引导主语、表语、同位语从句时that不能省略2.当that引导宾语从句时一般可以省略，但在下面情况中不能省略：(1)当主句谓语动词带了两个由that引导的表并列的宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，第二个that不能省略。(2)当that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。(3)前面有it形式宾语时，that不能省略。五．whether与if的区别：通用的情况：引导宾语从句时区别：1.引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，用whether不用if2.引导宾语从句，但从句是作介词宾语时，用whether不用if3.与ornot连用时，用whether不用if4.与不定式搭配时，用whether不用if总结：考查whether与if引导名词性从句的区别时，一般都是考查可以用whether不能用if的情况六.表示命令、要求、请求、建议的动词或名词形式所带的名词性从句用虚拟语气：should+do/bedone（should可以省略）一坚持insist(坚持)两命令orderorder(命令)；mandmand(命令)；三要求requirerequirement(要求)；demanddemand(要求)；requestrequest(请求)四建议suggestsuggestion(建议)；adviseadvice(建议)；proposeproposal(建议)remendremendation(建议)；八．不要把定语从句和名词性从句的引导词的选择相混淆区分依据：(1)引导词的句法功能(2)翻译that(1)定语从句：指代人/事/物；在从句中做主语/宾语(2)名词性从句只起连接从句和主句的作用，表示从句为陈述语气，不翻译which(1)定语从句：指代事/物；在从句中做主语/宾语(2)名词性从句：表疑问，在从句中做主语/宾语/表语/定语，意为“哪一个”who/whom(1)定语从句：指代人；在从句中做主语/宾语(2)名词性从句：表疑问，在从句中做主语/宾语，意为“谁”when(1)定语从句：指代在先行词表示的那个时间，在从句中作时间状语(2)名词性从句：表疑问，在从句中作时间状语，意为“什么时候”where(1)定语从句：指代在先行词表示的那个地点，在从句中作地点状语(2)名词性从句：表疑问，在从句中作地点状语，意为“哪里/什么地方”why(1)定语从句：指代由于这个原因forthereason，在从句中作原因状语名词性从句：表疑问，在从句中作原因状语，意为“为什麽”例句：引导词的意义和句法功能1.Thattheyareintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.2.ThatyouareingtoLondonisthebestnewsIhaveheard.3.Itispossiblethathehasgoneback.4.Itisapitythatyoumissedsuchafinetalk.5.Hetoldus(that)hefeltill.6.Tomisaniceboyexceptthatheissometimeslateforschool.7.HethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidn’teyesterday.8.ThetroubleisthatIlosthisaddress.9.Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.10.ThenewsthatMissJanewillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.11.Thisisouronlyrequestthatthisshouldbesettledassoonaspossible.12.Whatsheshouldprepareforlunchmakesher.13.Whatshedidisnotyetknown.14.Iwonderwhathewilltalkaboutnext.15.Wewilltryourbesttoofferyouwhatyouneed.24.Whowilltakechargeofthedepartmenthasn’tbeendecided.25.Itremainssecretwhohelpedtheoldman.26.Idon’tknowwhotookthebookaway.Idon'tknowwho/whomthebookwastakenawayby.27.Idon’tcarewhomarrieshim.28.Thequestioniswhobroughtuptheplan.29.Ourpuzzlementwaswholetoutthesecret.30.WhosespokenEnglishisthebestinterestseveryone.31.Doyouknowwhosebagitis?32.Theproblemiswhoseargumentisright.33.Whichsheshouldchoosefromthebeautifulhandbagspuzzlesher.34.Ijustwonderwhichoneismoresuitableforme.35.Wemustfindoutwhichisthestrongestmaterial.36.Whatweareinterestediniswhichpanyheisworkingfor.37.Whentheywillstartisnotknownyet.38.Whenthenewmanagerwillehasn’tbeenannounced.39.Pleasetellmewhenweshalldiscussourworkplan.40.Myquestioniswhenyouwillpaymymoneyback.41.Ihavenoideawhenheleft.42.Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.43.Theproblemiswherewecanfindthelostchild.44.ThelittlechildaskshismotherwhereFatherChristmaslives.45.Pleaseanswermyquestionwhereyouwereatthatmoment.46.Whythatkindofwhaleisdyingoutarousespeople’sconcern.47.Idon’tunderstandwhyyouspeaktoyourfatherthatway.48.Thisiswhyheislate.49.Pleasetellmehowyoumadeit.50.Idon’tcareatallhowyouwillexplainthemattertoyourparents.51.WhatIwanttoknowishowtheysucceeded.52.Whethersheisingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.53.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.54.Theyasksmethequestionwhethertheworkisworthdoing.55.Iwentinandaskedif/whethertheyhadacheapsuit.56.Hefeelsfaint.Itisbecausehehasworkedhardtoolong.疑问词ever引导名词性从句57.Whicheveroneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.58.Whoeverbreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.59.Youwillofferthejobtowhoevermeetsthebasicdemands.60.Youcantakeawaywhateveryoulike.61.Idon’tbelievewhateverhesaid.62.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoosewhicheversuitsyoubest.特殊情况：（what表陈述语气的用法见上面例句）1.Isawhimthreeyearsago,andthatwaswhenIhadameetinginBeijing.2.Thisusedtobeaschool,anditwaswhereIstudiedwhenIwasamiddleschoolstudent.3.Thatwaswhyhetoldalie.4.Thatishowhedealwiththeproblem.that与what引导名词性从句的区别(见上面例句及下面例句)1.Thatcustomsdiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferences.2.Whathecouldn’tunderstandwaswhytheyarguedagainsthim.3.Yesterday,IfindJoeydrivinghiscardownthestreetatwhatIthoughtwasadangerousspeed.4.That’swhatheworriedabout.5.Payattentiontowhattheteacherissaying.6.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tewasthathewasill.whether与if的区别：1.Iwonderif/whetherthewaywearewalkingisright.2.Whetherthemeetingwillbegivenisstillaproblem.3.Theproblemiswhetherhelovesher.4.Hehasnoideawhetherheshouldsendthemthatemail.5.Itdependsonwhetheryoucandotheworkwell.6.Idon’tcarewhetherornotyouwillaccepthisinvitation.7.Idon’tknowwhethertogothere.名词性从句练习题1.Wehaven’tdiscussedyet_____________wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.2.___________somepeopleregardasadisadvantageisseenasanadvantagebymanyothers.3.It’snousehavingideasonly.Don’tworry.Petercanshowyou___________anideaisturnedintoanact.4.Weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodon’thave_________wehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.5.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknew___________shewassoangry.6.Itisuncertain___________sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.7.Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof____________mykidswillneedfortheingseason.8.Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis_____________shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.9.Whenchanginglanes(车道),adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow______laneheisentering.10.I’mafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis___________heneverfinishesanything.11.We’veofferedherthejob,butIdon’tknow______________she’llacceptit.12.Thevillagershavealreadyknown_____________we’lldoistorebuildthebridge.13.I’dliketostartmyownbusinessthat’s____________I’ddoifIhadthemoney.14._____________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness15.Itwasneverclear____________themanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner.16.Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeout____________heistryingtoexpress.17.Beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvious____________theproblemitselfis.18.Twentystudentswanttoattendtheclassthataimstoteach___________theycanreadfast.19.Whenthenewscame____________thewarbrokeout,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.20.Itisstillunderdiscussion___________theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.21.Themessageyouintendtoconveythroughwordsmaybetheexactoppositeof__________othersactuallyunderstand.22.Itisnotclear______________thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.23.Itdoesn'tmatter_____________youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.Thenoticecameintheafternoon_____________themeetingwouldbeputoff.Thelimitsofaperson'sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but___________hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Itdoesn'tmatter_________youturnrightorleftatthecrossingbothroadsleadtothepark.27.Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn'tmatter___________youlivethereforashortoralongtime.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthementbutfelt__________hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.29.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim____________hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.30.Scientistsstudy______________humanbrainsworktomakeputers.31.___________makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.32.Expertsbelieve_______peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.33.Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertell____________closeyoumaybetovictory.It’sgoodtoknow_____________thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.35.___________yousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthepany.36._____IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.37.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief_________youarebetterthananyoneelse.38.____________struckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.39.Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisis____________aboutseventyonepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.40.Itisdifficultforustoimagine___________lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.41.Ithink_____________impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecolorsheuses.42.IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?Yeah,butIhavenoidea____________hedidit;that’shisfavoriteuniversity.43.Grandmapointedtothehouseandsaid,“That’s______________Iwasborn.”44.____________thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.45.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas___________hescoredthewinninggoal.46.Somepeoplebelieve____________hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.47.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeis__________happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.48.Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoing____________you’reafraidtodo.49.Exactly____________thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.50.Itneveroccurredtome__________youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.51.Policehavefound_____appearstobethelostancientstatue.52.Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknow__________ittakestostartabusinesshere.Itremainstobeseen___thenewlyformedmittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.54.Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy______children'searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.55.Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictosee______useanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.56.Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence______smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.57.Larryisoftenabsentfromschool,isn’the?Yes.That’s____________heisinbadhealth.58.Sheisnolonger___________sheusedtobetenyearsago.59.__________hesaidisofgreatimportancetousall.60.Irangyouataboutten,buttherewasnoreply.Oh,thatwasprobably____________Iwasseeingthedoctor.61.Suddenlythethoughtcametome___________hecouldmusthavetoldalieaboutit.62.___________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.63.HemadeasuggestionthattheEnglishtest_____________________(putoff)untilnextWednesday.64.___________Ican’tunderstandis__________shewantstochangehermind.65.Americais_________wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.66.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s___________youleftit.67.Didyouhearthenewsthismorning?Oh,yes,_____________wasannouncedontheradiohascausedgreatexcitementamongthepupils.68.____________hisdreamofgoingtocollegewilletrueisuncertain.69.__________isimportanttoapersonis__________hemustknowwhatheisfitfor.70.Youdon’tknow__________busywewerethosedays.71.Thereisapopularbeliefamongparents_________schoolspaynoattentiontohandwriting.72.___________shesaidsuggestedthatshehadn’tdecided__________togoornot.73.Hemadeapromise__________hewouldmakeanyonerichwhosethimfree.74.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand______mademattersworsewas______nightbegantofall.75.Afterfivehours’drive,theyreached____________wastheplacethey’dbeendreamingof.76.Determinationisakindofbasicqualityandthisis__________ittakestodojobswell.77.DoyoumindifJimwilletohelp?Ireallydon’tknow___________apersonlikehimcanhelpmewith.78.One’sworthliesnotsomuchin_________hehasbutin__________hedoes.79.Atlastthesoldiersreached__________thelocalscalledtheGoldenTriangle.80.Idon’tknow____________tojointhearmyortofinda