英语句子成分详细讲解课件(共34张)

句子成分句子成分主语subject谓语predicate宾语object表语predicative宾补complement定语attribute状语adverbial同位语appositive1.

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语1.主语（subject)：主语是一个句子的主题，是句子所陈述的主体，一般放于句首，可以是人，也可以是物，指动作的执行者。例:那个学生问了老师一些问题.Thestudentaskedtheteachersomequestions.主语例:今天的天气非常好.Theweatherisverynicetoday.主语2.谓语（predicate)：谓语一般是指主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语充当，位置一般放于主语后面。例:他工作非常努力.Heworksveryhard.谓语例:今天的天气非常好.Theweatherisverynicetoday.谓语例:他在字典里查出了这个单词.Helookedupthewordinthedictionary.谓语3.宾语（object)：宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，一般放于及物动词之后。例:老师把灯关了.Theteacherturnedoffthelights.介宾例:他们将不会伤害我们.Theywon’thurtus.动宾例:他在上个星期放弃吸烟了.Hegaveupsmokinglastweek.介宾宾语动宾介宾9、要学生做的事，教职员躬亲共做；要学生学的知识，教职员躬亲共学；要学生守的规则，教职员躬亲共守。2023/11/142023/11/14Tuesday,November14,202310、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。2023/11/142023/11/142023/11/1411/14/20232:09:18AM11、只有让学生不把全部时间都用在学习上，而留下许多自由支配的时间，他才能顺利地学习……（这）是教育过程的逻辑。2023/11/142023/11/142023/11/14Nov-2314-Nov-2312、要记住，你不仅是教课的教师，也是学生的教育者，生活的导师和道德的引路人。2023/11/142023/11/142023/11/14Tuesday,November14,202313、Hewhoseizetherightmoment,istherightman.谁把握机遇，谁就心想事成。2023/11/142023/11/142023/11/142023/11/1411/14/202314、谁要是自己还没有发展培养和教育好，他就不能发展培养和教育别人。14十一月20232023/11/142023/11/142023/11/1415、一年之计，莫如树谷；十年之计，莫如树木；终身之计，莫如树人。十一月232023/11/142023/11/142023/11/1411/14/202316、教学的目的是培养学生自己学习，自己研究，用自己的头脑来想，用自己的眼睛看，用自己的手来做这种精神。2023/11/142023/11/1414November202317、儿童是中心，教育的措施便围绕他们而组织起来。2023/11/142023/11/142023/11/142023/11/14Youhavetobelieveinyourself.That'sthesecretofsuccess.

人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。

宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●Pleasepassme

thebook.●Hebought

me

someflowers.4.表语：表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连系动词后，构成系表结构。连系动词例:我是一个老师.Iamateacher.表语例:这种水果尝起来味道很好.Thiskindoffruittastesverydelicious.表语1.be动词(am,is,are,was,were)3.感官动词(look,smell,hear,feel…)+表语2.表状态变化的动词(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)例:那个女孩变得非常担心.Thegirlgotworried.表语5.定语:(attribute)定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词。这是一节生动有趣的课．Thisisalivelyandinterestingclass.有一些难题要处理．Thereissomethingdifficulttodealwith.前置定语后置定语Ittookhimquitealittletimetogetfamiliarwiththeroutes______tothenest-shapedstadium.花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。leading定语Heisacleverboy.Theyarebuildingastonebridge.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknownBetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)(副词)６.状语:(adverbial)状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。①表时间：yesterday,today,tomorrow…Shallwegoshoppingtodayortomorrow?我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？②表地点：inChina,attheairport…Isawastudentintheclassroom.我在教室里看见一个学生．③表原因:because,as,for,since…他因为生病所以今天没有去上学．

Becausehewasill,hedidn’tgotoschooltoday.④表结果：to+do,v+ing,从句那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了．Theboyfelloffthetree,strikinghisheadagainsttheground.⑤表目的:inorderto,inorderthat,forthepurpose为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力．Inordertogetintoabetterschool,Imuststudyevenharder.⑥表条件:as/solongas,if,unless,只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩．Aslongasyoustudyhard,youcangetahighmark.⑦表让步:inspiteof,despite,although,though他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我．Hehelpedmealthoughhedidn’tknowme.⑧表程度:very,enough那里的风景非常漂亮．Thescenerythereisverybeautiful.⑨表方式:likethat,as,asif…不要那样看我．Don’tlookatmelikethat!⑩表伴随状况：老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书．Theteachercameintotheclassroom,catchingabookinhishand.７.补语:(complement)补语主语补足语：宾语补足语：补充说明主语的动作或状态补充说明宾语的动作或状态１．我又累又困，就去睡了。Tiredandsleepy,Iwenttobed.2．我发现那本书很有趣。Ifoundthatbookveryinteresting.主语补足语宾语补足语你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。Yourfriendcomestoschoolveryupset.8.同位语:(appositive)当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，后者就叫做前者的同位语。我们有两个孩子，一男一女．Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车．Theman,myteacher,neverridesabike.Iwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend.P77句子分类简单句复合句并列复合句主从复合句有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。如：and,but,or,so等定语从句状语从句名词性从句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子.eg:TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthenewspaper.由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有不同的主谓结构。句子成分练习题(一)(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(三)挑出下列句中的宾语

①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.(四)挑出下列句中的表语

①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(五)挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr./Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(七)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.五大基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)二:ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)三:ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)四:ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构。如:Wecome.Ｓ│Ｖ(不及物动词)1.Thesun

rose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly基本句型二：Ｓ│Ｖ(是系动词)│Ｐ(表语)1.This

is

anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinner

smells

good.3.He

fell

inlove.4.Everything

looks

different.5.He

isgrowing

tallandstrong.6.Ourwell

hasgone

dry.7.Hisface

turned

red.

基本句型三:ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)此句型的特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。Ｓ│Ｖ(及物动词)│Ｏ(宾语)1.Who

knows

theanswer?2.He

hasrefused

tohelpthem.3.He

enjoys

reading.4.He

said

“Goodmorning.”5.He

admits

thathewasmistaken.Ｓ│Ｖ(及物)│ｏ(多指人)│Ｏ(多指物)She

ordered

herself

anewdress.2.He

brought

you

adictionary.3.I

showed

him

mypictures.4.I

told

him

thatthebuswaslate.5.He

showed

me

howtorunthemachine.基本句型五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)此句型的特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。Thewarmadehimasoldier.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.Ioftenfindhimatwork.