专题4.阅读理解7选5串讲及精练（教师版）-2022-2023学年高一英语期中考点大串讲（人教版2019）

阅读理解、7选5串讲及精练一．细节理解题根据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出正确答案。因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。但有些细节理解题由于命题人故意设置障碍，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、否定等，因此有些题目需要仔细地思考、对比、计算、对上下文关键信息把握和分析。尽管细节理解题相对简单，但不可掉以轻心。细节理解题常见的考查题型有：直接信息题、间接信息题、概括细节理解题和正误判断题。二．猜测词义题根据上下文猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，也是高考阅读理解测试中重要的一项。要做好这类题目，考生要记住：在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的意义总是受特定的语境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的语法、词汇和构词法等知识确定它们的意义。词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。Bysayingthat“...”inthefirst(second...)paragraph,theauthormeansthat________.InParagraph...,“...”canbereplacedby“______”．Themeaningof“...”inParagraph...isrelatedto________.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto...(Paragraph...)？AsisusedinLine...,theword“...”refersto________.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe...paragraphprobablymeansthat________.三．推理判断题解答该类型题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。推理判断能力的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：(1)根据所提供的事实和证据得出结论。(2)对语段的深层含义进行推理判断。(3)对语段的言外之意进行推理判断。(4)对文段的背景进行推理判断。四．主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。正确选项特征干扰选项特征1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。2.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。3.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。1.过于笼统，不知所云所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。2.以偏概全，主次不分所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。3.移花接木，偷换概念所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。4.无中生有，生搬硬套所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。随堂练习一2021-2022学年福建省福州市八县（市、区）高一上学期期中联考英语试题Explorationisabouthowweexperienceourmostmeaningfulgeography.Ageographyeducationwithoutactivelylearninghowtoexploreplacesisasfrustratingasteachingmusiclessonswithoutsound.Besidesthat,initswidestsense,explorationhasthepotentialtobeoneofthemostenjoyableandrewardingthingswehumanswilleverdo.Itcanbegoodfordevelopingproblem-solving,teamwork,socialandothervitalskills.Therefore,weshouldbegiventheopportunitiestolearnproperlyhowtodoit.Thesadrealityisthatmillionsofchildrenaresociallyandgeographicallydeprived(剥夺的).Theirlearningenvironmentslackthediversityofplaceandexperience-basedopportunitiesthattheyneedtodevelopwellandasaresult,theywillnotreachtheirfullpotential.Thereisplentyofresearchshowingthatmanychildrenhavelittletimeandspacetoexplore,playandlearnoutdoors.Perhapsmostshockingly,DirtisGoodconductedasurveywhichfoundthatthree-quartersofUKchildrenspendlesstimeoutsidethanprisoners,thattheamountoftimechildrenspendplayinginnaturalplaceshasdecreasedandthatafifthofchildrendonotplayoutsideonanaverageday.Therearealargenumberofgoodandplexreasonswhyparentsdonotlettheirchildrenplay(andsolearn)outdoorsandnotoveringthesebarrierseswithitsownrisks.Changingtheparentingculturesthatareoverlylimitingmanychildren’sfreedomwillpotentiallyneedeffortsofgenerationaftergeneration.Partiallyasaresponsetothissituation,anincreasingnumberofdoctorsareprovidingsocialprescriptions(处方).Insteadofbeingofferedmedicineforamentalorphysicalillness,youngpatientsarebeingprescribedtimewithnature,volunteering,doingsportsorsomeotheractivitiesinstead.Teachersare,inmanyways,inabetterpositiontoprovidetimeandspaceforchildrentobenefitfromexperiencesthathelpthemnotonlytolearn,butalsotobewell.Teacherscan

sparebothformalandinformaltimeandspaceforexplorationthathelpsnotjustchildrenwhoareill,butalsothosewhoarewelltoremainwellorbeeevenbetter.31．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytalkabout?A．Thewaytoreachfullpotential. B．Themethodsofdoingexploration.C．Thedifferentattitudestoexploration. D．Theimportanceofdoingexploration.32．WhatcanwelearnfromthesurveyofDirtisGood?A．PrisonersintheUKaretreatedverywell.B．Childrenarebadlyinneedoftimeoutdoors.C．Childrenarebeinglessoutgoingnowadays.D．Therearen’tenoughnaturalplacesinmanycountries.33．Whatdoweknowabouttheprocessofchangingparents’attitude?A．It’sinterestingbuttiring. B．It’splexandrisky.C．It’schallengingbutworthwhile. D．It’stroublesomeanddemanding.34．Bymentioningsocialprescriptions,theauthorwantstosay_______.A．playingoutsidecanpromotepeople’shealthB．traditionalmedicinesmayhavesideeffectsC．experienceddoctorsareinshortsupplyD．mentalillnessneedsspecialtreatment35．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthetext?A．①-②③④⑤-⑥ B．①-②③-④⑤⑥C．①②③-④⑤-⑥ D．①②-③④-⑤⑥【答案】31．D32．B33．C34．A35．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了出外探索的重要性，提出了儿童在外接触自然的时间较少的原因。最后文章从父母，医生和老师的角度提出了解决方案。31．D【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段认为Ageographyeducationwithoutactivelylearninghowtoexploreplacesisasfrustratingasteachingmusiclessonswithoutsound（地理教育如果不积极地学习如何探索地方，就像教音乐课没有声音一样令人沮丧）。另外作者认为Besidesthat,initswidestsense,explorationhasthepotentialtobeoneofthemostenjoyableandrewardingthingswehumanswilleverdo.Itcanbegoodfordevelopingproblem-solving,teamwork,socialandothervitalskills（除此之外，在最广泛的意义上，探索有可能成为我们人类将要做的最愉快和最有回报的事情之一。它有助于培养解决问题、团队合作、社交和其他重要技能）。综合分析，文章第一段在告诉我们出外探索重要性。故选D项。32．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段Perhapsmostshockingly,DirtisGoodconductedasurveywhichfoundthatthree-quartersofUKchildrenspendlesstimeoutsidethanprisoners,thattheamountoftimechildrenspendplayinginnaturalplaceshasdecreasedandthatafifthofchildrendonotplayoutsideonanaverageday（也许最令人震惊的是，DirtisGood的一项调查发现，四分之三的英国儿童在户外的时间少于囚犯，儿童在自然场所玩耍的时间减少了，五分之一的儿童平均每天不在户外玩耍）可知，英国儿童在户外玩耍的时间很少，他们急需多走出去。故选B项。33．C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段Changingtheparentingculturesthatareoverlylimitingmanychildren’sfreedomwillpotentiallyneedeffortsofgenerationaftergeneration（改变过度限制许多孩子自由的养育文化可能需要一代又一代的努力）可知，改变父母的养育文化需要一代又一代的努力。同时根据前文第二段提及的父母限制孩子在户外玩耍的时间不利于孩子们的成长。综合分析，改变父母的限制孩子自由的养育文化具有挑战性，但又很值得。故选C项。34．A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段Insteadofbeingofferedmedicineforamentalorphysicalillness,youngpatientsarebeingprescribedtimewithnature,volunteering,doingsportsorsomeotheractivitiesinstead（他们没有为精神或身体疾病提供药物治疗，而是规定年轻患者去大自然、做志愿者、做运动或其他活动）可知，出外游玩可以有利于身体健康。故选A项。35．B【解析】推理判断题。综合分析文章，文章第一段提出了外出探索的重要性。然后在文章第二和第三段描述了有很多小孩子的外出自由受到了限制的现象。文章最后三段提到了改变这种现象的方法，包括了改变父母的教养文化，医生的帮助以及老师的指导。综合分析可知，故选B项。二2021-2022学年福建省龙岩市六县联考高一上学期期中考试英语试题ArecentannouncementinChinalimitsteenagerstoplayingvideogamesforuptoonehouradayonweekendsandholidays.Tomakesuretherestriction(规定)isfollowed,videoplatformswillneedreal-namerecognitionandfacialrecognition.Asisreported,thesemeasureshavebeenweledbyChineseparents.Therestrictionsareaimedatthegamingpanies,whichhaveprofitedgreatlyatthecostofyoungpeople’shealthandgrowth.Areportparedvideogamesto“spiritualopium”(精神鸦片)forChina’syouth.Theyareinfluencingteenagers’behaviorindailylife,especiallythosewhohavenotdevelopedthepropertimemanagementskills.Thewayofrestrictionsmaynotbeperfect,butitcansendtherightmessagetoteenagers,aswellasgamingpanieswhoareusingtechnologytodragusersdeeperanddeeperintousingtheirproducts.Thegammingpaniesshouldconsiderdevelopingmorelearninggamesorseriousgames,insteadofgamesthatservenoparticularpurposeotherthanmakingmoney.Thereismuchwecanlearnfromthegamingworld.Learningcanbeagameinawaytoguidestudentstowardsuccessifwedesigneducationprogramstoleadstudentsthroughlevels,fromeasytochallenging.Studentsshouldbeprovidedopportunitiestofailinasafeenvironmentandgainvaluableexperienceforgrowth.Andwhentheyhavemasteredaskill,theycancelebrateittofeeladeepsenseofsatisfaction.Workinginaneducationorganization,Ihavenoticedteacherswhosuccessfullyusegamingintheircourses.AndIhavealsoseengammingpaniesworkinghardtoproducevaluableeducationalgamingtoolsorplatforms.Thesetoolshelpschoolsandteachersencouragestudentstoachievevariouslearninggoals.Educationinmanypartsoftheworldisfilledwithills,includingthelackofpurposeandefficiency.Perhapsgamingcanteachussomething.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inparagraph3referto?A．Videoplatforms. B．Gamingpanies. C．Gamingrestrictions. D．Videogames.33．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsChina’sgamingrestrictions?A．Doubtful. B．Critical. C．Supportive. D．Unconcerned.34．Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Videogamescanbeturnedintoteachingtools.B．Allgamesharmfultoteenagersshouldbeforbidden.C．Teenagersshouldlearnfromonlinegames.D．Newtechnologyisneededtohelpdevelopseriousgames.35．Whatistheauthor’saiminwritingthetext?A．Tocallonteenagerstogiveupplayingonlinegames.B．Toputforwardanewwayofmakinggooduseofvideogames.C．Toinformpeopleofthenewlyannouncedgamingrestrictions.D．Todrawthepublicattentiontothebadeffectsofvideogames.【答案】32．D33．C34．A35．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们最新宣布的游戏限制并提出一种利用电子游戏的新方法。32．D【解析】词句猜测题。根据前文“Areportparedvideogamesto“spiritualopium”

forChina’syouth.（一份报告将电子游戏比作中国青少年的“精神鸦片”。）”可知，这里是说明电子游戏的危害，影响青少年的日常生活行为，所以They指代的是“电子游戏”。故选D。33．C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theyareinfluencingteenagers’behaviorindailylife,especiallythosewhohavenotdevelopedthepropertimemanagementskills.Thewayofrestrictionsmaynotbeperfect,butitcansendtherightmessagetoteenagers,aswellasgamingpanieswhoareusingtechnologytodragusersdeeperanddeeperintousingtheirproducts.（它们正在影响青少年的日常生活行为，特别是那些没有发展出适当的时间管理技能的青少年。限制的方式可能并不完美，但它可以向青少年以及游戏公司传递正确的信息，这些公司正在利用技术让用户越来越深入地使用他们的产品。）”可推断，作者对中国的游戏限制持支持态度。故选C。34．A【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Workinginaneducationorganization,Ihavenoticedteacherswhosuccessfullyusegamingintheircourses.（在一家教育机构工作时，我注意到一些老师成功地在他们的课程中使用了游戏。）”可知，电子游戏可以变成教学工具。故选A。35．B【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Thereismuchwecanlearnfromthegamingworld.Learningcanbeagameinawaytoguidestudentstowardsuccessifwedesigneducationprogramstoleadstudentsthroughlevels,fromeasytochallenging.Studentsshouldbeprovidedopportunitiestofailinasafeenvironmentandgainvaluableexperienceforgrowth.（我们可以从游戏世界到很多东西。在某种程度上，学习可以成为一种引导学生走向成功的游戏，如果我们设计的教育项目能够引导学生通过从容易到有挑战性的关卡。学生应该有机会在安全的环境中失败，并获得宝贵的成长经验。）”可推断，作者写本文的目的是提出能引导学生往有益的方向发展的游戏的新方法。故选B。三2021-2022学年福建省宁德市同心顺联盟校高一上学期期中联考英语试题Haveyoueverwonderedifyouseethesamecoloursasotherpeople?Mostpeopleknowwhatblueiswhentheyseeit.Theycallit"blue”becausetheyweretaughtthewordandconnecteditwithwhattheysaw.Buthowdoyouknowwhatyouseeasblueisn'tsomeoneelse'sred?Theabilitytoperceive（感知）differentcoloursisuptoreceptors（接受器）inoureyes.Lightwaveshitthesereceptorsandtheyreactdependingonwhichcolourthelightis,sendingsignalstothebrain.Thebrainthenreadsthesesignalstodeterminewhichcolourlighttheeyesarereceiving.Somepeople'sreceptorsaremoredevelopedthanothers.Theinabilityofthereceptortofeelthelightwavescorrectlymeansthatsomepeoplecannottellthedifferencesbetweensimilarcolours.Thosewithmoredevelopedreceptorscanseemorecolours.Wesometimeshearpeoplehavinganargumentaboutwhethersomethingisdarkblueorblack.Itmightbebecauseonepersonhasstrongerreceptorstofeelthelightthananother.Inthepast,mostscientistswouldarguethateveryonesawcoloursinthesameway.However,researchwasconductedonmonkeys,inwhichtheirreceptorswerechanged.Thisenabledthemtoseemorecoloursthanusual.Normallymonkeyscanonlyseeblueandgreen,butthechangeallowedthemtoseered.Theirbrainsautomaticallygotusedtonewcolours.Thissuggeststhatourbrainsmayfindnewcolorsofthethingswesee.Colourscouldbeaverypersonalexperience,uniquetoeveryone.So,thenexttimeyoutalkaboutyourfavouritecolour,justrememberifyoursisblueandyourfriendsaysred,youtwomightactuallybethinkingaboutthesamecolour.Whatifeveryoneintheworldhasthesamefavouritecolour,butjustcallsitdifferentnames?12．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．Howweperceivecolours. B．Theinabilitytoseecolours.C．Whatthebraindoeswithsignals. D．Theconnectionbetweenreceptorsandlightwaves.13．Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A．Somepeoplecannotfeelcolourswiththeirdevelopedreceptors.B．Themorelightpeoplefeel,theweakerreceptorstheyhave.C．Peoplewithpoorreceptorsusuallyhavecolourweakness.D．Peoplewhohavestrongreceptorscanseedarkblue.14．What'sthepurposeofconductingtheresearchonmonkeys?A．Totestthemonkeyswithcolours. B．Todevelopthereceptorsofhumans.C．Toenablemonkeystofindmorecolors. D．Toproveeveryoneseescoloursinadifferentway.15．Wheredoesthetextprobablyefrom?A．Afilmreview. B．Asciencemagazine.C．Anartjournal. D．Abusinessnewspaper.【答案】12．A13．C14．D15．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人眼分辨颜色背后的科学。12．A【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段的首句“Theabilitytoperceive（感知）differentcoloursisuptoreceptors（接受器）inoureyes.Lightwaveshitthesereceptorsandtheyreactdependingonwhichcolourthelightis,sendingsignalstothebrain.Thebrainthenreadsthesesignalstodeterminewhichcolourlighttheeyesarereceiving(感知不同颜色的能力取决于我们眼睛里的感受器。光波击中这些感受器，感受器根据光的颜色做出反应，向大脑发送信号。然后大脑读取这些信号，以确定眼睛接收到的是哪种颜色的光。)”可知本段主要讲我们如何感知不同的颜色。故选A。13．C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thosewithmoredevelopedreceptorscanseemorecolours.(受体更发达的人能看到更多的颜色。)”可知受体发达的人能看见更多的颜色，由此可推知受体不发达的人看到的颜色少，可能存在辨别色彩的障碍。故选C。14．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段首句“Inthepast,mostscientistswouldarguethateveryonesawcoloursinthesameway.(在过去，大多数科学家会认为每个人看到颜色的方式都是一样的。)”及后面的转折“However,researchwasconductedonmonkeys,inwhichtheirreceptorswerechanged.Thisenabledthemtoseemorecoloursthanusual.Normallymonkeyscanonlyseeblueandgreen,butthechangeallowedthemtoseered.”然而，在猴子身上进行的研究发现，它们的受体发生了变化。这使他们能比平时看到更多的颜色。通常猴子只能看到蓝色和绿色，但这种变化让它们看到了红色。可知前后意思是相反的，即对猴子进行研究的目的是证明每个人看颜色的方式不一样。故选D。15．B【解析】推理判断题。本文第一段以一个例子发问引出接下来文章要讨论的主题，故第二段首句“Theabilitytoperceive（感知）differentcoloursisuptoreceptors（接受器）inoureyes.(感知不同颜色的能力取决于我们眼睛里的感受器。)”是本文主题，主要讲感知色彩和眼中接收器的关系，故本篇文章可能出现在科普杂志上。故选B。四2021-2022学年福建省福州市协作体四校高一上学期期中联考英语试题Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenthinkthatmoreismorewhenitestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金）(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbeingadoctor）.Forweeks,I’vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewithneed,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball—simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,pletelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.11．Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Themore,thebetter. B．Enoughisenough.C．Moremoney,moreworries. D．Earnmoreandspendmore.12．WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?A．Savingupforherholiday B．RaisingmoneyforapoorgirlC．Addingthemoneytoherfund D．Givingthemoneytoasickmother13．WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?A．Totryoutanidea B．Toshowaparent’sloveC．Totrainhisattention D．Tohelphimstartahobby14．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TakeItorLeaveIt B．ALessonfromKidsC．LiveMorewithLess D．ThePleasureofGiving15．Whichadjectivedoyouthinkcanbestdescribetheauthor？A．brave B．wiseC．confident D．easygoing【答案】11．A12．C13．A14．C15．B【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，文章讲述作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。11．A【解析】词句猜测题。第一段中“Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitestokidsandtheirbelongings?(当涉及到孩子和他们的财产时，为什么我们经常认为moreismore？)”是描述“我们”对孩子和他们的财产的认识；第一段最后一句“ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless(好消息是我可以帮助自己的孩子比我更早的时候学习如何用更少的钱生活得更精彩)”是对其的回应。再结合文中第三段的一个观点句：Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?(几个星期以来，我一直在思考更大、更深入的问题:我们如何让它成为他们的习惯?我们如何训练自己来帮助他们用更少的需要和更少的使用来生活?)”可知，本文提倡简单法则，即用的少，却更好地享受生活，而“我们”认为moreismore，即Themore,thebetter.（越多越好）。故选A项。12．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(当我们答应把钱存入她的基金时，她选择了卖掉一些不太常用的大物件)”可知，承诺把钱加入她的基金使得Georgia同意卖掉她的一些物品。故选C项。13．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.(昨天，我和我的儿子Shepherd坐在一起，决定测试一下我自己的理论。我决定只和他玩一个玩具，只要它能保持他的兴趣。)”可知，作者和儿子Shepherd一起玩是为了尝试一个想法。故选A项。14．C【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.(好消息是我可以帮助自己的孩子比我更早的时候学习如何用更少的钱生活得更精彩)”可知，作者想教会孩子howtolivemorewithless，第二、三段是描述作者的尝试，所以文章是围绕用简单的东西得到更多的快乐这一主题。故选C项。15．B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenthinkthatmoreismorewhenitestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.(成年人理解被物品淹没的感觉。为什么我们总是认为孩子和他们的财产越多越好呢?好消息是，我可以帮助我自己的孩子比我更早地学会如何用更少的钱生活。)”及文章内容可知，人们并不是拥有得越多就越好，但是在处理涉及孩子及其财产时却认为越多越好，作者在孩子很小的时候就灌输用更少的物品活出更精彩的生活的观念，由此可推知，作者是明智的。故选B项。五2021-2022学年福建省南安市柳城、南安高一上学期期中联考英语试题Itmightsoundunbelievable,butmindcontroltelevisioncouldsoonbeeareality.Thistechnologycouldonedayreplacetheremotecontrol.Whentestingtheprototype,theuserswereabletooperateaheadsetthatallowedthemtooperateitandchoosewhattheywantedtowatchbyconcentrating.Thedevicecanknowwhatyouwanttowatchbyreadingthechangesinbrainactivity.CyrusSaihan,headofBusinessDevelopmentatBBCDigital,saidthetechnologywasstillatanexperimentalstage.WritinginaBBCblog,hesaidanexperimentwithtenmembersfoundtheycouldallusetheheadsettostartwatchingaprogram.Hecontinued,“Youcanimagineaworldwhereinsteadofhavingtogetupfromyoursofaorreachforyourremotecontrol,youjustthink‘putBBC1on’whenyouwanttowatchTV.Imaginesittinginyourcarandthinking‘IwanttolistentoRadio4’andhearingtheradiostationeon.Perhapsyouwouldbeabletojustthink‘givemethelatestnews’,andthengetservedwithasetofnews.”ButMr.Saihanadded,“It’simportanttoknowthatit’sveryearlydays,andwhilethedevicesarestillimproving,whattheycandoisstillquitebasic.Hopefully,itgivesanideaofhowaudiencesofthefuturemightbeabletocontroldevicessuchasTVsjustusingtheirbrain.”Itishopedthatthesystemcouldbeusedtohelpthosewithdisabilitiesinthefuture.12．Whatdoweknowaboutmindcontroltelevisionfromthetext?A．Itisstillattheteststage. B．Itisjustinpeople’smind.C．Ithasbeearealityalready. D．Ithasbeenwellreceivedbycustomers.13．Whatwasaheadsetintendedtodointhetest?A．Toreadtheusers’minds. B．Tochangethechannelsbyitself.C．Tocausechangesinpeople’sbrains. D．Toremindtheusersoftheprograms.14．WhatdoesCyrusSaihanmainlytalkaboutinParagraph3?A．Theusersofthenewtechnology. B．Themarketforthenewtechnology.C．Thenewtechnologyusedinthecars. D．Theconvenienceofthenewtechnology.15．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Mr.Saihanshowslessinterestinthetechnology.B．ThetechnologycanonlybeappliedinTVs.C．Thedisabledmaybenefitfromthetechnologyinthefuture.D．Thetechnologywillimprovethedevelopmentofbrains.【答案】12．A13．A14．D15．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了精神控制电视可能很快就会成为现实，这项技术有一天可能会取代遥控器。文章介绍了这项技术的优势以及未来的发展方向。12．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Itmightsoundunbelievable,butmindcontroltelevisioncouldsoonbeeareality.Thistechnologycouldonedayreplacetheremotecontrol.(这听起来可能难以置信，但精神控制电视可能很快就会成为现实。这项技术有一天可能会取代遥控器)”以及第二段中“CyrusSaihan,headofBusinessDevelopmentatBBCDigital,saidthetechnologywasstillatanexperimentalstage.(BBCDigital业务发展主管CyrusSaihan表示，这项技术仍处于实验阶段)”可知，精神控制电视目前仍处于测试阶段。故选A。13．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Whentestingtheprototype,theuserswereabletooperateaheadsetthatallowedthemtooperateitandchoosewhattheywantedtowatchbyconcentrating.Thedevicecanknowwhatyouwanttowatchbyreadingthechangesinbrainactivity.(在测试原型时，用户可以通过耳机来操作，并通过集中注意力来选择他们想看的节目。该设备可以通过读取大脑活动的变化来知道你想看什么)”可知，在测试中耳机的作用是读懂用户的想法。故选A。14．D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“WritinginaBBCblog,hesaidanexperimentwithtenmembersfoundtheycouldallusetheheadsettostartwatchingaprogram.Hecontinued,“Youcanimagineaworldwhereinsteadofhavingtogetupfromyoursofaorreachforyourremotecontrol,youjustthink‘putBBC1on’whenyouwanttowatchTV.Imaginesittinginyourcarandthinking‘IwanttolistentoRadio4’andhearingtheradiostationeon.Perhapsyouwouldbeabletojustthink‘givemethelatestnews’,andthengetservedwithasetofnews.”(他在BBC的博客中写道，他对10名成员进行了一项实验，发现他们都可以使用耳机开始观看节目。他继续说道：“你可以想象这样一个世界，当你想看电视时，你不用从沙发上起来，也不用伸手去拿遥控器，你只要想‘打开bbc1频道’就行了。想象一下，你坐在车里，想着“我想听第4广播”，然后听到广播电台的声音。也许你只要想想‘告诉我最新的消息’，就能得到一系列的消息。”)”可知，第三段主要谈论了新技术的便利。故选D。15．C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Itishopedthatthesystemcouldbeusedtohelpthosewithdisabilitiesinthefuture.(人们希望这个系统将来可以用来帮助那些残疾人)”可推知，残疾人将来可能从这项技术中受益。故选C。六2021-2022学年山东省菏泽市高一上学期期中考试英语试题Plantsdon'tbleedredandscreamthewayantelopes(羚羊)dowhenlionsbitethem,buttheyoftendieallthesameiftheycan'tdefendthemselves.AstudybyresearchersatMissouriandtheUniversityofBritishColumbiaprovesthatplantsnotonlyknowwhenthey'rebeingeaten,butthattheycantellseveraldifferentinsectsapartevenwhentheycatatthesametime.Appelandhercoauthors-JackSchultz,aUniversityofMissouriresearcherwholedthestudy,andJoergBohlmann,aUniversityofBritishColumbiaresearcherwhoperformedgenetic(基因的)studies,alongwithsixothers-plantedArabidopsisseedsinalabandallowedthemtogrowtoasizethatcaterpillars(毛毛虫)andwormslove.Thentheylettheinsectseattheplants.Plantslosewaterandtissueand,worse,mightgetinfected(感染)withsomesortofbacteria,butgenerallytheylivetoseeanotherday.Theresearchersfoundthattheplantsproducedchemicalsthatgavethemtheunpleasantsmellstodrivetheinsectsaway.Moreover,thereweredifferentgeneticresponsestoeachworm,showingthattheplantactuallyknewwhatwaseatingthem.Thestudy,financedbytheNationalScienceFoundationandpublishedinthejournalFrontiersinPlantScience,wasn'tcarriedoutforcharity.Arabidopsisisanimportantplantthatcanbringinalotofmoneyforfarmers.Thiscouldallowagriculturalistswhogrowanddesigncashcropstogivethemtheskillstodriveofffarmpests(害虫).“Ifwewanttogrowplantsthatcankeepinsectsaway,”Appelsaid,wemightaswellfindouthowtheyrespondtodifferentinsectsthatfeedonthem.12．Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?A．PlantscanknowwhichinsectsareeatingthemB．NewplantshelpfarmersearnmoremoneyC．ScientistsfoundanewwaytogrowplantsD．Scientistsfoundplantscouldprotectthemselves13．Howdoplantsprotectthemselves?A．Bychangingtheirgenes. B．Byproducingspecialchemicals.C．Byloosingwaterandtissue. D．Bytellingwhoiseatingthem.14．Whatshowsthatplantsknowwhoiseatingthem?A．Plantshavedifferentgeneticreactions.B．Plantsproducethesamechemicals.C．Plantshaveskillstodriveofffarmpests.D．Plantscantellseveraldifferentinsectsapart.15．Theresultofthestudycanbehelpfulto________A．protectarareplantfromdyingout B．dealwithpestsC．todesignanewkindofinsect D．raisemoneyforcharity【答案】12．A13．B14．A15．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了植物可以知道哪些昆虫正在吃它们并通过研究发现其机制。12．A【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“AstudybyresearchersatMissouriandtheUniversityofBritishColumbiaprovesthatplantsnotonlyknowwhenthey'rebeingeaten,butthattheycantellseveraldifferentinsectsapartevenwhentheycatatthesametime.(密苏里州和英属哥伦比亚大学的研究人员进行的一项研究证明，植物不仅知道它们什么时候被吃掉，而且它们甚至能在同一时间分辨出几种不同的昆虫)”及全文可知，文章介绍了植物可以知道哪些昆虫正在吃它们并通过研究发现其机制。由此可知，“Plantscanknowwhichinsectsareeatingthem(植物可以知道哪些昆虫正在吃它们)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。13．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theresearchersfoundthattheplantsproducedchemicalsthatgavethemtheunpleasantsmellstodrivetheinsectsaway.(研究人员发现，这些植物产生的化学物质使它们散发出难闻的气味来赶走昆虫)”可知，植物通过生产特殊化学品保护自己。故选B。14．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Moreover,thereweredifferentgeneticresponsestoeachworm,showingthattheplantactuallyknewwhatwaseatingthem.(此外，对每一个蠕虫有不同的遗传反应，这表明植物确实知道是什么在吃它们)”可知，植物有不同的遗传反应表明植物知道谁在吃它们。故选A。15．B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thiscouldallowagriculturalistswhogrowanddesigncashcropstogivethemtheskillstodriveofffarmpests.(这可以让种植和设计经济作物的农民获得赶走农场害虫的技能)”可知，研究结果对害虫防治具有一定的指导意义。故选B。七2021-2022学年山东省烟台市高一上学期期中考试英语试题Germany’stopcourthasruledthatpartsofthecountry’s2019climate(气候)actionlawmustbechangedbecausetheydon’tdoagoodjobofprotectingyoungpeople.Theresultisabigvictoryforthenineyoungpeoplewhostartedthelawsuing(诉讼).Thecourtsuingstressesanimportantpartoftheclimatechange:Thechangewillimpactgreatlyonyoungpeoplefarmorethantheadults.That’sbecausetheeffectsofearthwarmingwillbeemoreseriousovertime.Asyoungpeoplebeeadults,they’llbelefttodealwithmanyproblemsthattoday’sadultshaveignored.Thegovernment’sfailuretoplancarefullywasputtingtheirfuturelivesindanger.In2019,Germanypassedanewlaw,promisingthatthecountrywouldbecarbonneutral(碳中和