市2017届高三下学期教学质量检测二模英语试题及答案版

120140第I (共100分ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveA.Gotothe B.Keep C.Tryonline D.Seea B.An D.AnA.Atapost B.Atafast-foodC.Atabooking D.Atacheck-inA.Healreadyhas B.ThewomanshoulddecidewheretoC.Hewillmakea D.ThewomancanaskherbrotherforA.Hegotwetinthe B.TheshowerwasoutofC.Hedidn’thearthephone D.HegotoutoftheshowertoanswertheA. B. C. D.A.Send B.Go C.Dosome D.VisitaA.Herdoorbelldoesn’tneed B.Shedidn’texpecthimtocomesoC.Themanhasjustarrivedon D.ItisnottherighttimeforA.Shewon’tgotothebeachifit B.ShewouldlikethemantogototheC.Itwillclearup D.ItwaspouringwhenshewasattheA.Whattotakeupasa B.HowtokeepC.Howtohandle D.WhattoplaySectionDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingA.GreetguestsandtalktohotelB.HavebreakfastandexamineroomC.PrepareforthemeetingandwritenewD.Reviewthepreviousnight’sreportsandcheckA.Sayinghellotoevery B.ConsideringdifferentbathC.Diningwithadifferentstaff D.HoldingvariousoperationalA.Aday’slifeofahotel B.ThedailyroutineataC.Hotelserviceand D.MeetingsattendedbyahotelQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingA.Educating B.SavingrareC.Recreatingan D.MakingaA.Becauseanimalsmakevisitors B.BecauseanimalsmustlivetheirlivesinC.Becauseanimalscanfeelboredand D.BecauseanimalsareindangerofA.TheyarestillusefulandB.TheyhavemoredisadvantagesthanC.TheyareaperfectenvironmentforD.TheyarerecreativeplacesforQuestions17through20arebasedonthefollowingA. B. C. D.A.Eitheris B.Theguestdoesn’tmindC.Theguestdoesmind D.It’suptothehotelA.400 B.600 C.800 D.1200A.ThereisnofreeWiFiaccessintheroomsoftheB.ThereisonlyWiFiaccessinthelobbyoftheC.ThereisnofreeInternetaccessintheD.ThereisnoInternetaccessintheGrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.LossofBiodiversity(生物多样性AffectsHumanIfaspeciesofbeedisappearsforeveroraparticularplantisextinct,whatdoesithavetodowithushumans?Well,accordingtoateamofinternationalscientists,biodiversityisdroppingbelow(21) (consider)safeforthehealthandhappinessofhumanTheissueisthateverythingisinter-connectedandecosystemssupportoursocieties(22) theyprovideuswith,forexample,food,fibresandfuels.Ifspeciesgoondisappearing,thiscandisturbmanyvitalprocesses(23) croppollination(授粉)andthedecomposition(分解)ofwaste.Aframeworkwhichdefinestheenvironmentallimitswithin(24) humanscanreallyoperate--calledplanetaryboundaries--says(25) (lose)morethan10%ofthebiodiversityanareaplacesthelocalecosystematrisk.Ecosystemsarealldifferentbutthispercentageisconsideredasagoodmeasureofsafety.AstudypublishedinthemagazineSciencesuggeststhat58%oftheworld’slandsurface (reduce)belowthislevelalready.Theseareashouse71%oftheglobalpopulation.ProfessorAndyPurvis,fromImperialCollegeLondonandtheNaturalHistoryMuseum,isoneoftheauthorsofthestudy.Hesays,“Oncewe’rethewrongsideoftheboundary,(27) doesn’tmeaneverythinggoeswrongimmediately,butthereisaremarkablehigherrisk(28) thingswillgobadlyTheresearchersfoundthatgrasslands,savannasandshrublandsweremostaffectedbybiodiversitylossonaverage.Purvishopesthisreport(29) becomeawake-upcalltothosewhodesignpolicies.Here’shiswarning:“Decision-makersworryalotabouteconomicrecessions(衰退),butanecologicalrecessioncouldhaveeven(30) (bad)consequences–andthebiodiversitydamagewe’vehadmeanswe’reatriskofthathappening.Untilandunlesswecanbringbiodiversitybackup,we’replayingecologicalroulette(轮盘赌).”SectionDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A. B.C.D.E. H.I.J.K.ChinaSettoMakeOwnBallpointPenOneofChina’smajorstainlesssteel(不锈钢)producershasindependentlydevelopedthespecialsteelneededtomaketheballpointpentipsandplanstomass-producethematerialtoreplace31intwoyears.Thegrouphasspentfiveyearsonresearchanddevelopmentto32thetechnology,endingalong-termChineserelianceonforeignpentips.Withoutthistechnology,China’spenmanufacturers,whichproduce38billionballpointpensperyear,havehadtopurchasethe33partsfromoverseasmarkets,costingtheindustry$17.3millionayear,accordingtotheChinaNationalLightIndustryCouncil.“Itwillbeoneofour34productsinthelongrun,andwewilltrymorematerialsfortipsofballpointpenstoremaincompetitive,”saidLiJianmin,directorofTISCO’sresearchanddevelopmentWangHuimian,TISCO’sseniorengineer,saidthecompanywill35morefinancialresourcesandmanpowertodevelopnext-generationballpointpentipsina(n)36friendlywaytofurthercompetewithrivalsinJapanandSwitzerland.“Iftheserealeconomy-relatedfactorsareunderdeveloped,itskey37won’tbestrong,”saidThepentipissuewasfirstbroughtintothespotlightbyPremierLiKeqianginJanuarylast38amajorissuefacingChinesemanufacturers—weakcompetitivenessinkeyMakingsuchproductsrequireshigh-precision39andextremely-thinsteelplates.Specialmicroelementsmustbeaddedtoliquidsteeltomakeaqualitytipthatcanwritecontinuallyforatleast800meters.Eagertoenhanceitsearningability,thecompany40thatitplannedtoproduce10.5millionmetrictonsofsteelthisyear,including4.5millionstainlesssteelproducts.ZhaoYing,aresearcherattheInstituteofIndustrialEconomicsoftheChineseAcademyofSocialSciencesinBeijing,said,“Alltheseelementscanbereachedonlythroughlong-terminvestmentandincreasingdevelopment,”hesaid.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Throughouthistory,manyliveshavebeenlostatthehandsofsevereweather.Meteorologists(气象学家andscientistsalikearealwaysinvestigatingnewwaystoincreasethewarningtimeforstorms,withthehopeofreducingthe41oflives.Inthepastfewdecades,localweatherradaradvancementshavebeenmade,whichallowforbetteraccuracyin42thepathsofstorms.MeteorologistsandscientistshavebeenabletosuccessfullytrackseverethunderstormsandpossibletornadoesbyusinganadvancedtrackingsystemcalledNEXRAD(Next-GenerationRadar).NEXRADisatrackingnetwork43158Dopplerweatherradars.Andduringastormthishigh-resolutioncomputerized44takesreadingsontheamountofprecipitation(降水)intheair,themovementsintheclouds,andthewindspeeds.These45arebouncedbacktoalocalweathercomputer,andacolorfulimageappearsonthescreen,givingmeteorologistsaclearpictureofwhatkindofweatherisonthehorizon.Thisfinalimageiswhatyouseewhenthemeteorologistbreaksinwithsevereweatherreportsandwarnings.46,onyourtelevisionscreenyouwillseeacomputeranimatedimageoftheapproachingstorm.Ifthestormissevereenough,thentheNationalWeatherService(NWS)will47severeweatherreportsofseverethunderstormwarningsforyourarea.48thestormcapturedontheradarwillhaveproducedstrongreadablewinds,detectablelightning,andsomehail(冰雹).Payingattentiontotheweathermapis49whensevereweatherisaround.Onthetelevisionscreenyouwillseeseveralcolorsontheprecipitationmap,50fromblue(thelightest)toblack(theheaviest).Ifthecolorsforyour51areaareyellow,takecaution.Ifthecolorsrangebetweenorangeandred,takecoverimmediately,asdamagingwindsanddangerouslightninghavebeenreported.WhenlocalweatherradarinAtlanta,Georgiareportedhighwinds,52windpatternsandlargehailearlierthisyear,theNationalWeatherServiceissuedatornado53.Meteorologistsintheareausedthecollecteddatatopredictwhatpaththestormwouldtake,54whichareasneededtobewarned.Thankstothistechnology,mostresidentsreceivedthesevereweatherreportsearlyenoughtoseek55beforethestormhit.Payingattentiontoyourlocalweathersourceduringsevereweatherplaysavitalroleinyoursafety.41.A.B.C.D.42.A.B.C.D.43.A.facedB.exposedC.involvedD.madeup44.A.B.C.D.45.A.B.C.D.46.A.MostB.MostC.MostD.Most47.A.B.C.D.48.A.BytheB.InthatC.TosomeD.Onthe49.A.B.C.D.50.A.B.C.D.51.A.B.C.D.52.A.B.C.D.53.A.B.C.D.54.A.B.C.D.55.A.B.C.D.SectionDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.InthissectionweconsiderwhatyoucandototrainyourbraintoimproveyourgameplayingDailyItisveryeasytofindtacticalpuzzlesandtrain.However,youmusttrytosolvethem.Don’tjuststareatthepositionfor10secondsandthenturntothesolution.Youwon’tlearnanything.Haveagoattryingtosolvethepuzzle.Ifyougotitrightthengreatwelldone.However,ifyougotitthenhaveanotherlook.AskyourselfquestionssuchastheWhydidIgetitWhatwaswrongwithmyWhatwastheweaknessthatthetacticexploited?Wherecanyoufindtacticalpuzzles?It’seasy.Theyareeverywhere.Manynewspapers,includingIndependent,andmagazineshaveadailyorweeklychesspuzzle.Key“chesspuzzles”intoGoogleandyou’llfindawholeloadofthem.Thereareplentyofpuzzlebooks.UseNowadayschesssoftwareisterriblycheap.WorldChampionVladimirKramnikrecentlylostamatch4–2againstasoftwareprogram.Thisprogramisavailableforabout￡30.Ingeneral,peopleusechesssoftwareforthewrongreasons.Theyoftenplaygameaftergameagainstthemachineandgetbeateneverytime.Boredwiththis,theyturntheplayinglevelrightdownsothattheprogramisalmostplayingrandommovesandthentheycanbeatiteverytimeandfeelNeithermethodwillhelpyouimprove.However,chesssoftwarecanbeafantasticallyusefullearningtoolifusedintwoparticularways.Thefirstisifyouhavetriedtosolveapuzzlebutit’sabittoodifficultandyoudon’treallyunderstandthesolution.Nevermindwelldonefortrying.Nowsetthepositionupontheandtrydifferentmoves.Chesssoftwareisfaultlessattacticalplay.Itwillinstantlytellyoutherightandwrongmovesandwhytheydoordon’twork.Secondlyyoucanrunovergamesyouhaveplayedtolearnwhereyouhavegonewrongandwhereyoucouldhaveimproved.Getintothehabitofkeepingthescore(i.e.writingdowntheofgamesthatyouplay.Thiswillhelpyoutoimproveandrefineyourunderstandingoftacticalthemesandpatterns.WhatwouldbethebesttitleofthisWheretoFindTacticalDailyWorkoutandUseofHowtoImproveYourChess-PlayingTheunderlinedpart“tacticalpuzzles”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans puzzlesmakingusbetterunderstandthemesandpatternsofdifficultpuzzlesshowingushowtotrainourbrainstothinkmorepuzzlesteachingussomeskillstoplaymoredifficultpuzzlesonlyteachingushowtoplaychessgamesWhichofthefollowingwouldbetherightwayofusingchessPlayingasmanygamesagainstthemachineasAlwaystryingdifficultpuzzlestoimproveyourchessRunningovergamesyou’veplayedtolearnfrommistakesandTurningtheplayingleveldowntobuildyourselfconfidenceandfeelWhatdoesthewriterthinkaboutchessChesssoftwarewillhelpalotifproperlyChesssoftwarebelow30poundsistoocheaptoChesssoftwareisafantasticallyusefullearningtoolindailyChesssoftwarehelpsimproveunderstandingoftacticalthemesandInnovationforEveryone–CareerSkillsforInvitationtoAlumni(校友)NetworkingEventOrganizedbyUniversityofWarwickandBritishWearedelightedtoinviteyoutoanalumninetworkingeventonTuesday14March,7-9pmattheLeRoyalMéridienHotel,Shanghai.TheeventisorganizedbytheUniversityofWarwickandtheBritishCouncilandisopentoallalumni.Comeandjoinusforrefreshments,followedbyfourshortpresentationsontheimportanceofinnovationandentrepreneurship(创业skillsinyourcareerandthelaunchofnewcareerinitiativesforstudentsandalumni,beforespendingtimenetworkingwithfriendsandotherUKalumnioverabuffetTheplaceforthiseventistheLeRoyalMéridienHotel,No.789NanjingEastRoad,HuangpuDistrict,Shanghai.TheLeRoyalMéridienHotelislocatedinPeople'sSquareinShanghaiandiseasilyaccessedbysubway,busortaxi.Tue14March201719:00–21:00CSTLeRoyalMéridienHotelNo.789NanjingEastRoadHuangpuDistrict7:00Registrationandwelcome7:15–7:25“AnoverviewofGraduateEmployability(就业能力amongUK-educatedAlumniandBritishCouncilActivitiestoSupportAlumniCareerDevelopment”,CathyHe,HeadofEducationServices,BritishCouncil7:25–7:35“TheImportanceofCareerPlanning:fromtheSJTUViewpoint”,MrShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity7:35–7:45“TheImportanceofInnovationSkillsThroughoutYourCareer:AnEmployerViewpoint”,JohnHung,ManagingPartner,ChinaConsumer&IndustrialIndustryandAutomotiveSector,Deloitte,7:45–7:55“NewResourcestoEnhancetheEmployabilityofChineseStudentsGraduates”,EstherdePerlaky,InternationalManager,Universityof8:00–9:00NetworkingandbanquetbuffetFreebutupto80tickets,pleaseregisterviaREADThemainpurposeofholdingthisalumninetworkingeventis toinvitethealumnifortospendtimenetworkingwiththetohelpthealumnitolaunchnewcareertosharetheexperienceofinnovationandcareerskillsforThepeopleattendingtheeventaremostprobablythose onlyfromUniversityofUK-educatedAlumniandtheirUK-educatedChineseAlumniandfromtheWhatdothefourshortpresentationsmainlytalkHowtoimprovetheemployabilityoftheHowtohelpthealumnifindandimproveHowtoenhancetheemployabilityincareerHowtomakecareerplanningandtrainthealumni’sinnovationCulturecanaffectnotjustlanguageandcustoms,butalsohowpeopleexperiencetheworldonsurprisinglybasiclevels.Researchers,withthehelpofbrainscans,haveuncoveredshockingdifferencesinperception(感知)betweenWesternersandAsians,whattheyseewhentheylookatacitystreet,forexample,orevenhowtheyperceiveasimplelineinasquare,accordingtofindingspublishedinaleadingsciencejournal.Inwesterncountries,culturemakespeoplethinkofthemselvesashighlyindependententities(实体).Whenlookingatscenes,Westernerstendtofocusmoreoncentralobjectsontheirsurroundings.EastAsiancultures,however,emphasizeinter-dependence.WhenEasternerslookatascene,theytendtofocusonsurroundingsaswellastheobject.Usinganexperimentinvolvingtwotasks,DrHeddenaskedsubjectstolookatalinesimplytoestimateitslength,ataskthatisplayedtoAmericanstrengths.Inanother,theyestimatedtheline’slengthrelativetothesizeofasquare,aneasiertaskfortheAsians.Thelevelofbrainactivity,bytrackingbloodflow,wasthenmeasuredbyBrainScanners.Theexperimentfoundthatalthoughtherewasnodifferenceinperformance,andthetaskswereveryeasy,thelevelsofactivityinthesubjects’brainsweredifferent.FortheAmericans,areaslinkedtoattentionlitupmore,whentheyworkedonthetasktheytendedtofindmoredifficult--estimatingtheline’ssizerelativetothesquare.FortheAsians,theattentionareaslitupmoreduringthehardertaskalso--estimatingtheline’slengthwithoutcomparingittothesquare.Thefindingsareareflectionofmorethantenyearsofpreviousexperimentalresearchintoeast-westdifferences.Inonestudy,forinstance,researchersofferedpeopleachoiceamongfivepens;fourredandonegreen.EasternersweremorelikelytochoosearedpenwhileWesternersweremorelikelytochoosethegreenone.Cultureisnotaffectinghowyouseetheworld,buthowyouchoosetounderstandandinternalize(使内化)it.Butsuchhabitscanbechanged.SomepsychologicalstudiessuggestthatwhenanEasternergoestotheWestorviceversa,habitsofthoughtandperceptionalsobegintochange.Suchresearchgivesuscluesonhowourbrainworksandishopefulforustodevelopprogramstoimproveourmemory,memorytechniquesandenhanceandaccelerateourlearningskills.Accordingtothepassage,Chinesepeoplearemostlikelyto moreemphasizeindependentalwaysfocusmoreontheirfocusmoreonthecontextaswellasthethinkofWesternersashighlyindependentWeknowfromthepassagethatpeople’sbrainswillbemoreactivewhen thetaskismuch B.thebloodflowisC.peoplebegintochoose D.thetaskismoreWhatdothefindingsoftheexperimentsmentionedinthepassageTheyindicatethatculturehasagreatimpactonthewaypeopletalkandTheyshowthatEasternersandWesternershavegreatdifferencesinperceivingtheTheysuggestthatpeople’shabitsofthoughtandperceptioncanbechangedindifferentTheymakeitclearthatEasternersandWesternerslayemphasisondifferentItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat EasternersprefercollectivismtoEastAsiancultureslaymoreemphasisonIttookovertenyearstofindouthowtoimproveourAmericanswillchangetheirhabitsofperceptionwhenthey’reinSectionDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.TheThegreatestadvantageofthetutorialsystemistheindividualattentionthatstudentsTutorialscanbeconsideredthebackboneofundergraduateteachingatSometimes,thestudentmayleaveatutorialwithonlyareadinglistandthetitleofthenextTutorialscangreatlyenhancetheundergraduates’academicThegreatestadvantageofthetutorialsystemisthevariouscurriculumsthatstudentsInthemeantime,tutorialsarealsobeneficialfordevelopingstudents’skillsofcriticalTheTutorialSystemofOxfordIntheUniversityofOxford,teachingisconductedprimarilythroughthetutorialsystem.Itisoneofthemostuniqueandwell-knownmethodsofteachingacrosstheworld.Theweeklytutorialconsistsofaone-hourmeetingbetweenthetutorandsmallnumbersofstudents(usuallytwotofour).Duringthistime,anessaypreparedspecificallyforthattutorialisreadbystudentsandcommenteduponbythetutor.Attheendofthetutorial,thetutorwillassignthetopicofstudyforthecomingweekandsuggestreadings67Meanwhile,theyarealsocomplementedbydepartmentallectureswhichareconductedonauniversitywidebasislabworkandseminars(研讨会)oftenwithgroupsofperhaps10students.Tutorialshavegainedtheirreputationbecauseofthecloserelationshiptheymaintainbetweenthetutorandthestudent.Thetutorialsystemprovidesundergraduateswithdirectandinmostcasesweeklycontactwithtutorsintheiracademicfields.68Beforetheweeklytutorial,studentsarerequiredtoprepareanessayorotherworks,whichtheyreadorpresenttothetutorDuringeachtutorial,studentsareexpectedtocommunicate,debate,analyzeandcritiquetheideasofothersaswellastheirowninconversationswiththeprofessorandfellow-students.Thetutorialsystemhasgreatvaluethatitcreateslearningandassessmentopportunitieswhicharehighlyauthentic(可靠的)anddifficulttofake,asthestudent’sworkisdiscussedonthespot.69ThecontrastbetweentutorialsandlargelecturescommonintheAmericanuniversitiesisobvious.InthetypicalAmericanuniversity,studentsaretaughtbythesamespecialists,inthesamemanner,andheldtothesamestandards.However,duringtutorials,studentshavetheopportunitytoexploretheirownideasdirectlywithexpertsinparticularsubjects.70Asaresult,studentsmustengageinextensiveindependentreadingandresearch,usingtheresourcesavailable,undertheguidanceofthetutor.SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.HowSafeIsYourDoyouconsideryourbedasafeplaceofrestandcalm?Doyousinkintoamattress(床垫)afterahardday’sworkandfeeltensionandstressdrainawayasyourestyourwearyheadonasoftpillow?Well,youmightnotfeelsorelaxedifyouknewthattinypestswerehidingthere!Itseemsthatbedsmaynotbesuchagoodplaceforourhealthandhappinesstheycouldactuallybemakingusill!Recentstudieshaveshownthatbacteria,fungianddustmites(螨虫),somesmallerthanthediameterofahair,liveinourbedding.Whenwemovearoundinoursleep,wedisturbthemandtheyarebouncedupintotheair--whichwethenbreatheinaswesleep.AccordingtotheAmericanLungAssociation,fouroutoffivehouseholdsintheUnitedStatesnowhavehighlevelsofdustmites,althoughit’snotthemitesthemselvesthatcausetheproblems,but