译林版英语必修三新素养讲义Unit3BacktothepastSectionⅠWeletotheunitReading-WarmingUp

古罗马帝国不仅仅在政治上强大、版图上辽阔，它所创造的古罗马文化在哲学、文学、建筑等方面，也是全人类巨大的精神财富，是世界古典文化中的瑰宝。AncientRomeisthattimeinhistorywhentheRomanEmpireexisted.Atitspeak,theempireincludedmostofEurope,northernAfrica,andtheMiddleEast.TheRomanswereknownfortheirarmy,architecture,andgovernment.Theempireexistedfromabout100 B．C.to500A．D.Althoughmanypeopletalkaboutthe“riseandfall”oftheRomanEmpire,othersfocusonhowthecivilizationchangedovertime.Bothpositives(i.e.,artandarchitecture)andnegatives(i.e.,slaveryandcruelty)canbeidentifiedintheculturethroughoutthehistoryofAncientRome.Thefirstsettlementswereestablishedaround753 B．C.Attheheightoftheempirearound200A．D.,theempirecovered2.5millionsquaremiles.TheWesternEmpirefellin476A．D.andtheEasternEmpirelasteduntil1453.Basedonstrictorganizationandcentralized(中央集权的)control,theempirewasconnectedbyahugenetworkofroadswiththecityofRomeinthecenter.Eachtownwasplannedinexactlythesamewayincludingasystemofstreets,runningwater,andsewers(污水管)．TheForumatthecenteroftownwassurroundedbyshops,temples,andgovernmentbuildings.Astrongarmydefendedandexpandedtheempire.Thesoldiersbelongedtolegions(军队)ofabout5，000people.Theywerehighlytrainedandwell­equippedwitharmor,shields,spears,andswords.Awell­organizedcivilservicesystemgovernedthepeople.RomanhistorycontainsmanyfamousfiguresincludingAugustus,thefirstemperor,JuliusCaesar,Caligula,andNero.TheRomanshadmanyfestivalsandrituals(仪式)foreventssuchaschildbirth,marriage,andfunerals.LikeGreekculture,Romanculturewasknownforitsmythology.TheRomansenjoyedfood,baths,andallkindsofentertainment.SectionⅠWeletotheunit&Reading—WarmingUp[学生用书P54]eq\a\vs4\al([基础词汇])1．found__vt. 兴建，创建2.flee_ vt.&vi. 逃避，逃跑；迅速离开3．destroy_vt. 毁坏，摧毁4．ruin_n. 废墟，毁坏vt. 破坏；毁灭eq\a\vs4\al([拓展词汇])5．mercial_adj.商业的，贸易的→mercen．贸易；商业6．unfortunate_adj.不幸的，遗憾的→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunateadj.幸运的；侥幸的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地；幸亏7．decorate_vt.装饰，装潢→decorationn．装饰；装饰品8．civilization_n．文明→civilizevt.使开化；使文明9．graduallyadv.渐渐地，逐渐地→gradualadj.逐渐的；逐步的10．remainsn．遗物，遗迹，遗骸→remainv．剩余；逗留；留下；依然；保持1．protect...from... 保护……免受……2．be_known_as 作为……而出名3．take_over 夺取；接管4．be_buried_alive 被活埋5．turn_out 证明是6．together_with 和……一起7．cut_down 砍倒8．result_in 导致……9．break_down 毁掉；(身体)垮掉；(谈判等)失败；分解10．fail_to_do 未能做……1．完全倒装Nearthecitywas_a_volcano(是一座火山)．2．so＋助动词＋主语……也是如此Manypeoplewereburiedalive,and_so_was_the_city(这座城市也是一样)．3．Itturnsoutthat...结果……It_turns_out_that(结果)aftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity,theirbodiesnearlypletelybrokedownanddisappeared...4．it作形式主语It’s_hard_to_imagine(很难想象)howthispeacefulvolcanodestroyedthewholecity!5．bebelievedtohavedone人们相信……It_is_believed_to_have_been_gradually_covered(人们相信它逐渐被埋)overbysandstormsfromAD200toAD400.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)Scanthetextandmatchthemainideaofeachdiary.Diary1 A．avisittoPompeiicityDiary2 B．thepurposeanddestinationofthetripDiary3 C．thediscoveryoftheLoulanKingdomDiary4 D．alectureaboutPompeiiandvolcanoDiary5 E．generalinformationaboutLoulan答案：BDAECeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．LoulaniscalledChina’sPompeiiinthedesertbecause________．A．bothofthemoncehadgreatcivilizationsB．bothofthemoncehadsimilarbuildingstructuresC．theywerebothdestroyedbyvolcanoeruptionD．theywerebothpowerfulintheancientpast2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutLoulan?A．ItwasastoppingpointonthefamousSilkRoad.B．Itwasdestroyedbysandstormsgradually.C．ItwasdiscoveredbytheEuropeanexplorerSvenHedinmorethan100yearsago.D．Itwasn’tburiedpletelybecauseofenormoustrees.3．What’sthemainsimilaritybetweenPompeiiandLoulan?A．Theywereburiedatthesametime.B．Theywerebothwealthycities2，000yearsago.C．Theyweredestroyedinthesameway.D．Theywerediscoveredbyexplorers.4．Thepurposeofwritingthispassageis________．A．toshowhowhappythewriterwastohaveachancetovisitthesitesB．toarousepeople’ssenseofprotectingcivilizationsC．toparethecivilizationsofPompeiiandLoulanD．totellushowPompeiiandLoulanweredestroyed答案：1－4.ADBBeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．WhenIwalkedaroundthecity,Isawstreetsjustastheyhadbeen,withsteppingstonesalongtheroadsoyoudidnothavetostepinthemudonrainydays!eq\a\vs4\al()WhenIwalkedaroundthecity是when引导的____________从句；Isawstreets是主句；justastheyhadbeen是as引导的方式状语从句；withsteppingstonesalongtheroad是with复合结构作状语；soyoudidnothavetostepinthemudonrainydays是so引导的____________从句。[尝试翻译]当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样________你就不用在泥泞中行走了！答案：时间状语；结果状语；下雨天2．Itturnsoutthataftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity,theirbodiesnearlypletelybrokedownanddisappeared,leavingemptyspacesintheash.eq\a\vs4\al()本句是主从复合句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的主语从句；该主语从句中还包含一个由after引导的时间状语从句aftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity；此状语从句中还包含有一个由who引导的________从句whofailedtofleethecity,修饰先行词people。分词短语leaving...intheash充当________状语。[尝试翻译]原来，火山灰覆盖了__________________，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。答案：定语；结果；没能逃离城市的人

[学生用书P56]Lostcivilizations①Day1，15JulyIfeelluckytohavewonaplaceonthistrip.WeareinItalynow,andtomorrowwearevisitingPompeii.Nextweekweareflying②toChina,andgoingtoLoulan,whichisknownasChina’sPompeiiinthedesert③.BothPompeiiandLoulanbecamelostcivilizationslongago.Day2，16JulyThismorningweattendedalecture④aboutPompeii.Thecitywasfounded⑤inthe8thcenturyBC⑥.In89BC，theRomans⑦tookover⑧Pompeii.Itthenbecamearichandbusycity.Nearthecitywasavolcano⑨.On24AugustAD⑩79,thevolcanoerupted⑪andlava⑫，ash⑬androckspoured⑭outofitontothesurroundingcountryside.Itcontinuedtoeruptforthenexttwodays.Manypeoplewereburied⑮alive⑯，andsowasthecity⑰.Howunfortunate⑱！Day3，17JulyTodayIsawtheancientRomancityofPompeiiasitwas2，000yearsago⑲.Howamazing！⑳Thecitywasforgottenformanyyearsuntilthe18thcenturywhenafarmerdiscoveredastonewithwritingonit.Peoplestartedtodigintheareafortreasure,whichcausedmuchdamage.Thus,in1860,theareawasputundergovernmentprotectionsoitcouldbepreservedandstudied.①civilization[ˌsIvəlaI'zeIʃn]n.文明②arevisiting和areflying都是现在进行时，表示的是将要发生的动作。③whichisknownas...是非限制性定语从句，修饰Loulan。④lecture['lektʃə(r)]n.讲座attendalecture听讲座⑤found[faʊnd]vt.兴建，创建⑥BC[ˌbiː'siː]abbr.公元前(beforeChrist的缩写)⑦Roman['rəʊmən]n.罗马人adj.罗马的，罗马人的⑧takeover夺取；接管⑨volcano[vɒl'keInəʊ]n.火山(pl.)volcanoes/volcanos表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装语序。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))AD[ˌeI'diː]abbr.公元(AnnoDomini的缩写)⑪erupt[I'rʌpt]vi.(火山等)爆发⑫lava['lɑːvə]n.熔岩，火山岩⑬ash[æʃ]n.灰，灰烬ashesn.废墟；骨灰⑭pour[pɔː(r)]vi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)⑮buryvt.埋，埋葬；安葬⑯aliveadj.活的，在句中作主语补足语。⑰sowasthecity是“so＋系动词＋主语”的部分倒装结构。⑱unfortunate[ʌn'fɔːtʃənət]adj.不幸的，遗憾的⑲as用作连词，意为“正如”，引导方式状语从句。⑳Howamazing!多令人惊奇啊！amazingadj.惊人的，了不起的eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))whenafarmerdiscovered...是定语从句，修饰the18thcentury,when相当于inwhich。eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))digv.挖，掘n.触，碰；挖苦，讽刺；挖掘eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))preservev．保存，保护preservesb./sth.from...保护……免受……eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))soitcouldbe...是目的状语从句。eq\a\vs4\al()失落的文明第一天，7月15日能获得这次旅行的机会我感到很幸运。现在我们在意大利，明天我们将游览庞贝。下周我们会飞往中国并打算去楼兰，那是沙漠中的一座被誉为“中国庞贝”的古城。庞贝和楼兰都是很久以前失落的文明。第二天，7月16日今天上午我们听了一场有关庞贝的讲座。这座城市创建于公元前8世纪。公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝。后来庞贝成了一座繁华的城市。离该城不远处有一座火山。公元79年8月24日，火山喷发，火山岩浆，火山灰及岩石喷涌而出覆盖了周围的村庄。火山喷发持续了两天。很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋。多么不幸啊！第三天，7月17日今天我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它就跟两千年前一模一样。多令人惊奇啊！这座城市多年来一直被人们遗忘，直到18世纪时一个农民发现了一块刻有文字的石头。人们开始在这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大的破坏。因此在1860年，政府将这一区域保护了起来，便于保存和研究。WhenIwalkedaroundthecity,Isawstreetsjustastheyhadbeen，withsteppingstonesalongtheroadsoyoudidnothavetostepinthemudonrainydays!Isawseveralhouseswhichweredecoratedwithwallpaintings.Ialsosawthepeoplewhohadbeenburiedalive.Itturnsoutthataftertheashcoveredthepeoplewhofailedtofleethecity,theirbodiesnearlypletelybrokedownanddisappeared,leavingemptyspacesintheash.Yearslater,researcherswereabletousetheseemptyspacestoproducetrue­to­lifefiguresofthepeoplewhohaddiedinthedisaster.YoucanseethemtodayinPompeii,inthesameplaceswherethepeoplefell.Thevolcanoisstillthere,butlooksveryquietnow.It’shardtoimaginehowthispeacefulvolcanodestroyedthewholecity!Day10，24JulyFinally,wearrivedinLoulanafterseveraldaysoftravelling.Thismercialcitywasbusyandwealthyabout2，000yearsago.ItwasastoppingpointonthefamousSilkRoadbetweentheEastandtheWest.ItisbelievedtohavebeengraduallycoveredoverbysandstormsfromAD200toAD400.Iamsoexcitedtobehere！,eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))when引导时间状语从句；as引导方式状语从句。withsteppingstones...是with复合结构(with＋宾语＋介词短语)，作状语，修饰hadbeen。eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))mud[mʌd]n.泥浆，烂泥eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))decorate['dekəreIt]vt.装饰，装潢bedecoratedwith装饰有……eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))which引导定语从句，修饰houses。eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))flee[fliː](fled，fled)vt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))researcher[rI'sɜːtʃə(r)]n.研究者，调查者eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))true­to­life['truːtəˌlaIf]adj.逼真的eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))disaster[dI'zɑːstə(r)]n.灾难whohaddied...是定语从句，修饰thepeople。eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))wherethepeoplefell是定语从句，修饰places。eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))imaginev.想象；认为，想，后接名词、代词、v.­ing或从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))destroy[dI'strɔI]vt.毁坏，摧毁eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))howthispeacefulvolcano...是宾语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))mercial[kə'mɜːʃl]adj.商业的，贸易的eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))wealthy['welθI]adj.富有的，富裕的eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))gradually['ɡrædʒʊəlI]adv.渐渐地，逐渐地eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))coversth.over(完全)盖住/遮住某物eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))sandstorm['sændstɔːm]n.沙尘暴，风沙snowstormn.暴风雪eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))Itisbelievedtohave...中it指代上文提到过的Loulan。eq\a\vs4\al()本句使用了“Itisbelievedtodosth.”句型，常可转换为“Itisbelievedthat...”。当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了！我看到了几处装饰着壁画的房子。我也看到了被活埋的人。原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。多年之后，研究者们能够利用这些人形空当制作出逼真的遇难者轮廓。你现在可以在庞贝看到他们，就在他们原来倒下的同样的位置。火山还在那里，但现在看起来非常平静。很难想象这座平静的火山是如何毁掉整座城市的！第十天，7月24日经过好几天的旅程，我们终于抵达了楼兰。这座商业城市在大约两千年前也曾繁华过。它是连接东西方著名的丝绸之路上的停靠点。人们相信，从公元200年到公元400年，它已被沙尘暴逐渐吞没。能在这里我很兴奋！Day11，25JulyAscholarfromthelocalculturalinstitute，ProfessorZhang,toldusthataroundtheyear1900theEuropeanexplorerSvenHedindiscoveredtheruinsoftheLoulanKingdom.Svenfoundtheremainsofbuildingsburiedbeneaththesand,togetherwithalotoftreasures,includingcoins,paintedpots,materialsuchassilk,documentsandwallpaintings.Whenwewenttothecity,wesawthecitywalls,palaces,temples,workshopsandtowers.Wefoundtheruinsmostinteresting.Therewasanancientwatersystemthatranthroughthemiddleofthecity.Thedesertwasonceagreenlandwithhugetrees，buttheywerecutdownandthatresultedinthecitybeingburiedbysand—whatapity！eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))cultural['kʌltʃərəl]adj.文化的eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))institute['InstItjuːt]n.(教育或其他专业)机构，研究所eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))ruin['ruːIn]n.废墟，毁坏vt.破坏，毁灭eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))remains[rI'meInz]n.遗物，遗迹，遗骸eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))beneath[bI'niːθ]prep.在……之下eq\o(○,\s\up1(49))buriedbeneaththesand...是过去分词短语作后置定语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(50))togetherwith又，连同(同aswellas)连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与第一个主语保持一致。eq\o(○,\s\up1(51))paintvt.(用颜料等)画；(给……)上油漆eq\o(○,\s\up1(52))pot[pɒt]n.罐，壶eq\o(○,\s\up1(53))material[mə'tIərIəl]n.材料；物质adj.物质的eq\o(○,\s\up1(54))document['dɒkjʊmənt]n.文献，文件eq\o(○,\s\up1(55))workshop['wɜːkʃɒp]n.作坊，车间eq\o(○,\s\up1(56))find复合结构，即find＋宾语＋adj.(作宾语补足语)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(57))runthrough流经，贯穿eq\o(○,\s\up1(58))that引导定语从句，修饰watersystem。eq\o(○,\s\up1(59))cutdown砍倒eq\o(○,\s\up1(60))resultin导致resultfrom起因于；由……导致eq\a\vs4\al()第十一天，7月25日来自当地文化研究所的一位学者张教授告诉我们，大约在1900年，来自欧洲的探险家斯文·海定发现了楼兰王国的遗迹。斯文发现了埋藏于沙子下面的建筑物遗迹以及许多宝藏，包括钱币、彩绘罐、像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画。当我们到这座城市时，我们看到了城墙、宫殿、庙宇、作坊及高塔。我们发现楼兰废墟非常有趣。有一条古老的供水系统贯穿市中心。这片沙漠曾经是大树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍倒了，导致楼兰这座城市被沙子埋没——多遗憾啊！A卷[学生用书P117(单独成册)]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)阅读理解AWantedProjectManagementAssistantResponsibility：ProvideservicefortheprojectinChongqing.Provideassistancetotheprojectmanagerforeverydaywork.Responsibleforfilemanagement,customerserviceforstudents&parents.Requirements：Collegedegreeandabove.GoodEnglishandputerskill.Relatedworkingexperienceinaninternationalorganization.Patient,careful,supportive.Havestrongteamworkspirit.EnglishTeacherResponsibility：ConductEnglishteachingaccordingtoBritisheducationsystem.Requirements：UniversitydegreeandaboveinEnglishmajorornormalEnglish.Eagertolearnandopen­mindedwithcreativity.Withdeepunderstandingfordifferentcultures.(Warmlywelethefreshgraduatestoapplyforthisposition.)MarketingAssistantResponsibility：Responsibleforthelocalmanagementofmarketing&salesactivitiesaccordingtotheinstructionsfromtheheadoffice.Collectrelatedinformationtotheheadoffice.Developrelationshipwithlocalmediaandcustomers.Requirements：CollegedegreeandabovewithgoodEnglish(speaking&writing)．Withbasicideaofsalesandmarketing,relatedexperienceispreferred.Workingexperienceintheinternationalorganizationsisamust.Goodmunicationandpresentationskills.AccountantResponsibility：AccountantworkforChongqingofficeandproject.Performthefinancemanagementlocallyaccordingtotherules&policyofthepany.Requirements：Collegedegreeandaboveinfinancearea.GoodEnglishandgoodputerskill.Havesenseoffinancemanagement.Atleast2years’experienceasanaccountantinaninternationalorganizationisamust.Self­management,hardworking,independentandabletodealwithpressure.Youcangoto：//51jobformoreinformation.Pleasemailorfaxyourresume(bothinEnglish&Chinese),diploma,trainingcertificatesandexpectedsalarytothefollowingaddresswithintwoweeks.Nopersonalvisitortelephonecallbeforethat.YourmaterialswillbekeptinACEfiles.Add：Room1806PlazaBuildingYuzhongDistrictChongqing40010FaxNo:023­63728428Email:acercq@cta.cq【解题导语】文章为招工启事。主要讲了招收项目管理助理、英语老师、市场部助理以及会计的要求和联系方式。1．Ifyouhavejustgraduatedfromauniversity,youshouldapplyforthepositionas________．A．aprojectmanagementassistantB．anaccountantC．amarketingassistantD．anEnglishteacherD解析：细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，除了英语老师，其他三份工作都是需要工作经验的。故选D。2．Ifyouwanttogetthepositionastheprojectmanagementassistant,inyourresumeyou’dbettersay________．A．youalwayshavenewideasandcan’twaittoseethemrealizedB．youcandecideeverythingforyourselfandhaveyourplancarriedoutC．youaregoodatpersuadingotherstofollowyouandbeingagoodleaderD．youarealwaysreadytolistenandhelpcarryoutgooddecisionsD解析：推理判断题。根据ProjectManagementAssistant下的内容Patient,careful,supportive.Havestrongteamworkspirit.可知项目管理助理需要有耐心，仔细，支持工作，以及团队精神。A、B、C文章都没有提及。D选项意为：随时准备倾听和帮助实施好的决定。故选D。3．Ifyouwanttoapplyforaposition,youcan________．A．gotothepanyormakeatelephonecallatanytimeB．tellthepanyhowmuchmoneyyouwantforyourpositionC．gotoacercq@cta.cqfortheinformationabouttheemploymentD．writeaboutyourselfeitherinEnglishorinChineseB解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一部分内容Pleasemailorfaxyourresume(bothinEnglish&Chinese),diploma,trainingcertificatesandexpectedsalarytothefollowingaddresswithintwoweeks.可知如果你想申请工作，要在简历上写明你期待的薪水。故选B。BThedayafterThanksgivingisthestartoftheholidayshoppingseason.ThanksgivingisalwaysonaThursday,sothedayafterisaFriday.ThisdayhasetobeknownasBlackFriday.Ithasbeenthebusiestshoppingdayoftheyearsince2005.MoststoresoffergreatdealsonBlackFriday.Theyopentheirdoorsveryearlyinthemorning.Theytrytoattractshopperswithbigdiscounts.SomeproductslikeTVsaremuchcheaperthanusual.Storesmayevenlosemoneyontheseproducts.Theyhopethatshopperswillbuygiftsforotherpeoplewhiletheyareinthestore.BlackFridayisagreattimetogetgooddeals.Theproblemisthattherearenotenoughlow­pricedproductstogoaround.Eachstoremayonlyhaveafew.Peoplestandinlonglinestogetsuchgreatdeals,butnoteveryonewhowantsonewillgetone.Somepeoplelookcrestfallenastheyleave.SomeBlackFridayeventshavebeenviolent.Largecrowdshavetrampled(踩踏)workers.Fightshavebrokenoutovertoysorpeoplecuttinginline.ButmostBlackFridayeventsaresafeandfun.Still,ifyouplanongoing,expectlargecrowds.Thename“BlackFriday”wasfirstusedinPhiladelphiainthe1950s.PoliceofficerscalledthisdayBlackFridaybecauseoftheheavytrafficitdrew.Inthe1960s,storestriedtorenametheday“BigFriday”.Itdidnotstick.Thename“BlackFriday”continuedtobeusedacrossthecountry.Itseemsthatitisheretostay.NowpeoplealloverthecountrytakepartinBlackFriday.Itisevenspreadingtootherpartsoftheworld.StoreshaveheldBlackFridayeventsintheU．K.,Australia,andBrazilsince2012.InCostaRicaBlackFridayisknownas“ViernesNegro”．【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个重要的购物节日——“黑色星期五”。4．WhydosomestoressellTVsatlowprices?A．Theyareshortofmoney.B．Theywanttoselloutoldproducts.C．Theywantpeopletobuyotherthings.D．Theywantpeopletoenjoytheirshopping.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Theyhopethatshopperswillbuygiftsforotherpeoplewhiletheyareinthestore.可知，有些商店赔本卖电视是希望顾客能够买其他产品。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crestfallen”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Disappointed. B．Confused.C．Surprised. D．Excited.A解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的butnoteveryonewhowantsonewillgetone可知，没有买到廉价商品的顾客只能失望地离开。6．HowdidthefirstBlackFridaygetitsname?A．Itledtoviolentevents.B．Itcausedalotoftraffic.C．Itattractedlargecrowds.D．Itwastedtoomuchmoney.B解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的PoliceofficerscalledthisdayBlackFridaybecauseoftheheavytrafficitdrew.可知，黑色星期五的命名与那天的交通拥堵有关。7．WhatdoesthelastparagraphsayaboutBlackFriday?A．Ithasbeencelebratedasanoldtradition.B．ItisanationalholidayoftheUnitedStates.C．Ithasbeeaninternationalshoppingholiday.D．Itiscalled“ViernesNegro”intheEnglishworld.C解析：推理判断题。由最后一段可知，“黑色星期五”已经成为了一个国际购物节。CDonaldJohnTrumpisanAmericanbusinessmanandpoliticianwhobecamethePresident­electoftheUnitedStatesonNovember8,2016.Since1971hehaschairedTheTrumpOrganization,theprincipalholdingpanyforhisrealestateventuresandotherbusinessinterests.Duringhisbusinesscareer,Trumphasbuiltofficetowers,hotels,casinos,golfcourses,andotherbrandedfacilitiesworldwide.TrumpwasbornandraisedinNewYorkCityandreceivedabachelor’sdegreeineconomicsfromtheWhartonSchooloftheUniversityofPennsylvaniain1968.In1971,hewasgivencontrolofhisfatherFredTrump’srealestateandconstructionfirm.TrumphasappearedattheMissU．S.A.pageants,whichheownedfrom1996to2015,andhasmadecameoappearancesinfilmsandtelevisionseries.Trumpandhisbusinesses,aswellashisthreemarriages,havereceivedprominentmediaexposure.HehostedapopularNBCrealityshow,TheApprentice,from2004to2015.Asof2016,hewaslistedbyForbesasthe324thwealthiestpersonintheworld,and156thintheUnitedStates,withanetworthof$3.7billioninOctober2016.TrumpfirstcampaignedfortheU．S.presidencyin2000,winningtwoReformPartyprimaries.OnJune16,2015,Trumpagainannouncedhiscandidacyforpresident,thistimeasaRepublican.Trumpbecameknownforhisoppositiontoillegalimmigrationandfreetradeagreements,aswellashisfrequentlynon­interventionistviewsonforeignpolicy,andquicklyemergedastheRepublicannominationfront­runner.AsofMarch23,2016,Trumphaswon21contestsinthe2016Republicanpresidentialprimaries.Hewaselectedasthe45thU．S.presidentinthe2016electionontheRepublicanticket,defeatingDemocraticnomineeHillaryClinton,andtookofficeonJanuary20,2017.At70yearsold,hebecametheoldestpersontoeverassumethepresidency.【解题导语】本文介绍了美国总统特朗普的一些情况。8．Thispassageismostlyprobablytakenfrom________．A．astorybook B．abiographybookC．asciencebook D．anadvertisementB解析：文章出处题。本文主要介绍了特朗普的一些情况，所以应该是出自人物传记的书中。故选B项。9．WhereisDonaldTrump’shometown?A．London B．ParisC．NewYork D．BeijingC解析：细节理解题。根据文中的TrumpwasbornandraisedinNewYorkCity可知，特朗普的家乡是在纽约。10．Fromthepassage,wecanknowthatDonaldTrumpwas________．A．wealthyandsuccessfulB．intelligentbutmeanC．good­temperedandtolerantD．forgetfulandsensitiveA解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的介绍和文中的Asof2016,hewaslistedbyForbesasthe324thwealthiestpersonintheworld,and156thintheUnitedStates,withanetworthof$3.7billioninOctober2016.可知，特朗普是成功并富有的。故选A项。11．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________．A．DonaldTrumpisonlysuccessfulinbusinessfield.B．DonaldTrumpwasborninapoorfamily.C．DonaldTrumpisinfavorofillegalimmigration.D．DonaldTrumpwastheoldestpresidentoftheUnitedStates.D解析：细节理解题。根据文中的最后一句At70yearsold,hebecametheoldestpersontoeverassumethepresidency.可知，特朗普将成为美国最老的总统。故选D项。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)七选五Inordertoachievebigthingsinyourlife,youmustbewillingtothinkbig.1.________Whenyou’rebusyworkingtowardbringingyourgoalstolife,youalsofeelhappierinyourjourney.Followthesestepstomakeyourgoalsareality.2．________Wheredoyouseeyourselfinayear,fiveyearsorten?Doyouseeyourselfwithafamily,children,agoodjobandacollegedegreeintenyears?Trytothinkasfaraheadasyoucan.Payattentiontoeverydetail,andletyourdreamsetolifeinyourmind,showingyouwhatmattersmosttoyou.3．________Writedowneverythingyouimagine.4.________Writedownthemostimportantachievementsthatyouwanttocenteronandthedetailsabouteach.Whatmattersmosttoyou?Onceyouhavealistofgoalsinmind,workoutaplan.Howwillyouachievethesegoals?Divideyourgoalsintoachievablesteps.Startachievinggoalstoday.Putyourplansintoactiontoday.5.________Moveforwardeveryday,evenifyouareonlytakingasmallstepatatime.Whenyoucanpicturewhatyourdesiredlifeislike,youcanbetterdecidethegoalsyouneedtosetandachieve.Allittakesaresmallstepstowardyourdesiredfuture,andyoucanachievethelifeyouwant.A．Centeronwhatyouwanttoachieve.B．Closeyoureyesandimagineyourfuture.C．Takeasmallsteptowardthefutureeachday.D．Youshoulddreambigandtrytomakeyourgoalshappen.E．It’sokaytochangeyourdreamsandgoalsbasedonyourneeds.F．Useasmuchdetailasyoucanwhenwritingdownwhatyouremember.G．Thinkaboutwhereyouwanttobeinthefutureandhowyouwanttogetthere.【解题导语】人生中应该有大的梦想并且要去实现，作者告诉我们实现目标的几个具体步骤及做法。1．D解析：上句说的是人生中想成就大事情就要敢想，D项：就应该有大梦想并且去实现目标，与上一句衔接。故选D项。2．B解析：本段主要讲要敢于设想将来的生活，注重细节并为之努力去实现。B项(闭上眼睛设想将来)，概括全段。故选B项。3．G解析：下句说要把你想象的每件事都记下来。G项：考虑你将来想去哪里和怎样去，是对下句的具体说明。故选G项。4．F解析：上句说把你想象的每件事都记下来。下句说把你最重要的成就的细节记下来。F项：当你写的时候尽可能多的写细节，连接前后承上启下。故选F项。5．C解析：本段说的是从现在起为目标采取行动，每天迈步。C项与本段意思相符。故选C项。B卷[学生用书P119(单独成册)]eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)阅读理解Manypeopleintheworldmightthinkthatbeingeducatedissomewhatnotimportant.However,knowledgeisjustthebasicthingyoucangetfromeducation.Ofcourse,youwillknowvariousthingsfromhistorytomathematics,fromsciencetoliterature.Thisknowledgewilldefinitelyplayahugeroleinyourlifeandguideyoutofullyunderstandeventsinarightmanner.Beingeducatedwillallowyoutoknownotonlyyourresponsibilitiesasacitizen,butalsotherightsyoucanenjoy.Perhapsknowingaboutyourrights,suchasconsumerrightsagainstcheating(欺诈)frombusinessowners,cangreatlyhelptoraiseyourvoiceifyounoticethatthereissomethingwrongaroundyou.Humankindisconsideredasasocialanimal.Beingeducatedwillbringyouintoasystemwhereyoumustinteract(交往)withpeopleandhaveconversationswitheachother.Itwillhelpyoulivehappily.Yougettohavenicefriendswhowillhelpyougrow.Asonegrows,leadershipqualitiesaredeveloped.Someofthethingsthatcanhelpimproveanindividual’scharacteristicsandqualitiesincludedifferentschoolactivitiesanddifferentlessonsregardingworldleaders.Theknowledgeyoucangetfromeducationcanbeusedinleadingrevolutionsorperhapsanofficeteam.Ifyouknowtheworld,youwillgainconfidence.Agreateducationwillmakesurethatyourskillswillbeenhancedandthatyougettogainalevelofconfidencetousetheseskills.Intoday’sworld,youmaybecheatedeasilysincepeoplecantakeadvantageofthosewhoarenotwell­educated.Ifyouhavebothknowledgeandwisethoughts,youcanpreventthesekindsofpeoplefromingnear.Technologyisdevelopingeveryday.Aneducatedpersonwillunderstandthesenewtechnologyimprovementsandusethemtotheiradvantage.【解题导语】教育不仅能够让人学到有用的知识，还能为人们今后的生活与发展提供帮助。1．Beingasocialanimal,whatbenefitdopeoplegetfromeducation?A．Theycanbuildasystemforliving.B．Theycanmakefriendswithothers.C．Theywillfeelmuchmoreconfident.D．Theybeegoodatsolvingproblems.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，教育能够促使人们与他人交流，从而结交到好朋友。2．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“enhanced”inParagraph4?A．Ignored. B．Hidden.C．Improved. D．Exchanged.C解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的andthatyougettogainalevelofconfidencetousetheseskills可知，好的教育能够帮助人们“提高”技能。3．What’sthewriter’sunderstandingofeducation?A．Ithelpspeopletofindtheirmistakes.B．Itrequirespeopletohelpeachother.C．Ithelpspeopleprotectthemselves.D．Itissomewhatnotsoimportant.C解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的Ifyouhavebothknowledgeandwisethoughts,youcanpreventthesekindsofpeoplefromingnear.以及综合文章内容可知，作者认为教育可以让我们有聪明的头脑，从而能很好地保护自己。4．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Whyreceivingeducationisimportant.B．Thecurrentsituationofeducation.C．Howtheeducationsystemworks.D．Thedevelopmentofeducation.A解析：主旨大意题。作者认为教育对人是具有重要意义的，并在文中通过几个方面论述了接受教育的重要性。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)完形填空Doyoubelievecatshaveninelives?Iftheydo,thenacatnamedScarlettmayhaveusedafewofher__1__allatonce.Scarlettwasacat__2__inanold,emptybuildinginNewYork.Oneday,thebuildingcaughtfire.Mostanimalswouldhavetriedtoquickly__3__．But,Scarletthadfivekittensto__4__．Asthefiregotbigger,Scarlettignoredthe__5__.Onebyone,shecarriedher__6__tosafety.BythetimeScarlett__7__thelastkitten,herfurwasbadlyburned,andhereyeswereburnedshut.A__8__firefighterfoundallthekittensand