英语现在分词短语做状语详解Verb-ing-phrases课件

英语语法Verb-ing

phrases-ing短语作状语称为现在分词短语作状语现在分词短语作状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬．2–

Relying

on

our

own

efforts,

we

overcame

allthe

difficulties.–

They

stood

there

for

an

hour

,watching

thegame.–

Don’t

just

stand

there

doing

nothing.3现在分词作状语有四种形式4一般形式，由动词原形＋ing构成．完成形式，由having+过去分词．进行被动式：由being＋过去分词完成被动式：由having

been＋过去分词构成1.现在分词何时用一般形式?5⑴当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且和谓语动词同时发生，则用分词的一般形式．He

was

ill

and

didn’t

attend

themeeting.•

=Being

ill,

he

didn’t

attend

themeeting.When

he

saw

those

picture

,hecouldn’t

help

thinking

of

thosedays

in

the

war.=Seeing

those

pictures,

hecouldn’t

help

thinking

of

thosedays

in

the

war.6⑵如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立即发生,也用分词的一般形式.Hearing

the

news,

they

alljumpedwith

joy.Walking

out

ofthe

room,

he

foundthe

boy

still

there.72.现在分词何时用完成形式？8当分词的动作是由主语发出，而且发生在谓语动作之前，则用分词的完成形式．Having finished

the

class,shewent

home.•

=After

she finished

the

class…Having worked

among

thepeasants

for

many

years,

heknew

them

verywell.9=As

he

hadworked…3.现在分词何时用进行被动式？10当分词的动作由主语承受，而且分词的动作与谓语动词同时发生时．Being

criticized

by

the

employer,the

new

employee

hung

hishead.4.现在分词何时用完成的被动式？当分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，且分词表示的动作由主语承受．Having

been

praised

for

his

job,Tom worked

harder.11现在分词作状语相当于状语从句可表时间，原因，方式，伴随情况，结果或条件等12(1)相当于原因状语从句13a.

Being

ill,

she

didn’t

g

toschooltoday.•

=As

she

is

ill,

…b.

Having

seen

the

film

,hedidn’tgo

to

the

cinema

with

them.•

=Because

he

had

seen

the

film

,…c.

Feeling

tired

，I

went

to

bedearly.•

=Because

I

felt

tired,

…d.

Not

knowing

her

address,

wecouldn’t

get

in

touch

with

her.＝Because

we

didn’t

know

heraddress,

…14Greatly

interested,

I

asked

tohave

a

try

myself.Delighted,

the

girls

thought

upmany

good

ideas.15a.

Walking

in

the

street(=When

I

waswalking

in

the

street),

I caught

sight

ofa tailor

shop.b.

Turning

around

(When

she

turnedaround),

she

saw

an

ambulancedriving

up.16（2）相当于时间状语从句c.

When

leaving

theairport(When

they

left

the

airport),

theywaved

again

and

again.D.

Don’t

mention

this

whiletalking

to

him(while

you

aretalking

tohim).17(3)表示行为方式，伴随情况或补充说明等18a.

Holding

the

note

in

hishand,he

stood

there

dumbfounded.b.

The

students

went

away,running

and

laughing.c.

Staving,

he

wandered

about.(4)表示结果19a.

The

old

man

died,

leavingnothing

but

debts.b.

we

hurried

to

school

,findingthere

were

no

students

in

theschool.c.

They

opened

fire,

killing

one

ofour

patrolmen.(5)表示条件a.

Staying

here

for

some

time,you’ll

find

the

people

here

arefriendly.b.

If

playing

all

day

,you

willwaste

your

valuable

time.20注意1：不是每个状语从句都能用分词替换只有当分词和句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系时，才能用分词替换．21Before

I

came

into

the

lab,

thestudent

had

been

seated.Come

into

的动作既不是students发出的也不是students承受，所以不能这样说Coming

into

the

lab,

thestudentshad

been

seated.22注意2：分词作状语时，分词和句子的主语一定要有逻辑上的主谓关系逻辑上的主谓关系即分词的动作由句子的主语发出或承受．23We

are

sitting

here,makingnotes.make的动作由主语我们发出Being

scolded

by

his

mother,the

boy

hung

his

head.Scold的动作由the

boy承受24注意3：如果分词和句子没有逻辑上的主谓关系，则不能用单个的分词作状语，可以用分词的独立主格结构或状语从句．25现在分词的独立结构为名词或代词＋分词，名词或代词是分词的逻辑主语Time

permitting,

I’ll

call

on

youthisSunday.There

being

no

money,

hecouldbuy

nothing.26He

entering

the

office,

aletterwas

found

on

theground.Professor

Zhang

having

finishedthe

lecture,

his

driver

drove

himhome.27分词作状语时,在少数情况下,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,分词用来修饰全句

Judging

from

his

accent,

heseemed

to

be

from

Maba.•

=If

we

judge…28Generally

speaking,

every

spyhas

a

contact.Considering

his

age,

he

washelped

by

the

young

fellow.29时间条件伴随方式原因结果Verb-ingphrases现在分词作状语现在分词作状语：时间，条件，伴随方式，原因，结果1.时间状语：Working

in

the

factory,he

learned

a

lot

from

theworkers.(分词一般式）Having

read

theletter,shegotvery

excited.（完成式）注①：现在分词作时间,原因状语：如果分词所表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，用现在分词的一般式。如果分词动作明显在谓语之前发生，用现分完成式。Hearing

the

news,

they

all

jumped

with

joy.Having

arrived

at

the

factory,

theyimmediatelyset

to

work.注②：在作时间状语的分词前，可加连词while,when，

介词after,before,on.Be

carefulwhen

crossing

the

street.Don’t

mention

this

while

talking

to

him.On

arriving

in London

,

he

managed

to

get

intouch

with

her.=As

soon

ashe

arrived

in

London,

….2.现在分词作条件状语：Working

hard,

you

willsucceed.Turning

to

the

left,

you

will

find

the

pathleadingto

the

site.3.现在分词作伴随方式状语：She

camerunning

towards

me.The

children

ran

out

of

the

room,

laughing

andtalking

merrily.They

stood

there

for

an

hour ,

watching

thegame.She

sat

at

the

desk

reading

a

newspaper.Traveling

by

jeep,

we

visited

a

number

of

cities.Following

the

guide,

they

started

to

climb.4.现在分词作原因状语：Seeing

nobody

at

home,

she

decided

to

leave

them

anote.Not

knowing

her

address,

we

couldn’t

get

in

touchwith

her.Being

so

poor

in

those

days

,

we

couldn’t

afford

tosend

the

boy

to

hospital.注：

Having

worked

among

the

peasants

for

manyyears

,

he

knew

them

very well.

（分词完成式的肯定式）Not

having

received

an

answer

,

he

decided

towrite

another

letter.（分完否）5.现在分词作结果状语： （多用于句尾）Her

husband

died

in

1942,

leaving

her

withfivechildren.The

bus

was

held

up

by

snowstorm,

thuscausing

thedelay.Note:现在分词表示必然结果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的结果，前可加only.He

was

caught

in

the

rain,

thus

makinghimself

catch

cold.I

hurried

to

school,

only

to

find

that

itwas

Sunday.Note:在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,如不一致则要加上它自己逻辑上

的主语,这种结构称为:

独

立主格结构I.名词普通格（代词主格）+现在分词The

Night

coming

on

,they

started

forhome.The

last

bus

having

gone,

he

had

to

walkhome.Time

permitting,

we

are

going

to

climb

themountaintomorrow.They

are

talking

with

the

teacher,

their

children

playing

outside.It

raining,

I

went

to

work

with

an

umbrella.II.名词普通格（代词主格）+过去分词His

tea

finished,he

went

on

with

his

work.（时间His

homework

done,

he

went

to

watch

the

game.His

leg

badly

hurt,

he

had

to

be

sent

to

hospital.（原因）The

report

read,

discussion

began.III.名词普通格（代词主格）+(being)+adj.(adv./

prep-phrase

/n

./todo)Everything

(being)

ready,

they

startedout.The

meeting(being)

over,we

all

left

the

hall.WuSong

beat

the

tiger

to

death,

two

fists

(being)

his

onlyweapon..Gun

in

hand,

the

soldiers

ran

up

thehill.Here

are

the

first

two

volumes,

thethird

one

to

come

out

nextmonth.ConsolidationThesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,

a

longspeech

for

the

president.A.to

prepare

B.preparing

C.prepared

D.waspreparingThe

visiting

minister

expressed

his

satisfactionwiththetalks,

that

he

had

enjoyed

his

stay

here.A.having

added B.to

add

C.adding

D.addedEuropeanfootballisplayedin80countries,

itthe

most

popular

sport

in

theworld.A.

making

B.makes

C.made D.to

make

up

at

his

father,

he

asked

what

was

thematterwith

him.A.Having

looked B.

Looking C.Tolook

D.Look

from

his

clothes,

he

is

not

sopoor.A.Judged B.

Judging C.

To

judge D.Having

judged

such

heavy

pollution

already,

it

may

now

betoo

late

to

clean

up

theriver.A.

HavingsufferedC.TosufferB.SufferingD.Suffered1.作时间状语,

可以表示三个时间概念Verb-ing

phrasesA.表示和谓语动作同时发生,相当于

“as soon

as”

引导的时间状语从句Hearing

the

good news,

I

laughedwith

tears.•

=

As

soon

as I

heard

the

goodnews,

I

…B.谓语动词的动作发生在分词动作的过程中,表示“在做某事期间”，相当于由when/while

引导的时间状语从句。Walking

in

the

street,

Icameacross

an

old

acquaintance.•

=

When/While

I

was

walking

in

thestreet,

I

came

across

anoldacquaintance.•

=

When/While

walking

in

the

street,I

came

across

…C.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。如:Having

done

our

homework,

wewentout

to

play.2.作原因状语,相当于because/as引导的原因状语从句。A.和谓语动词的动作同时发生Being

ill,

Joe

didn’t

go

to

school.=Because/As

he

was

ill,

he

didn’t

go…Not

knowing

what

to

do

next,

he

wentto

his

doctor

for

advice.=

Because/As

he

didn’t

know

whatto

do

next,

he

went

to

…B.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。Having seen

the

film

many times,

Joedidn’t

go

to seeit

for

another

timelast

night.作结果状语,现在分词的动作

同谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生Themother died,

leaving

twelvechildren

behind.We

fired at

t