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现代物理学智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下苏州大学苏州大学
第一章测试
Asahigh-speedspaceshipfliespastyou,itfiresastrobelightthatsendsoutapulseoflightinalldirections.Anobserveraboardthespaceshipmeasuresasphericalwavefrontthatspreadsawayfromthespaceshipwiththesamespeedinalldirections.Whatistheshapeofthewavefrontthatyoumeasure?()
A:sphericalB:ellipsoidal,withthelongestaxisoftheellipsoidalongthedirectionofthespaceship’smotion;C:notenoughinformationisgiventodecide.D:ellipsoidal,withtheshortestaxisoftheellipsoidalongthedirectionofthespaceship’smotion
答案:spherical
Stanley,whoworksfortherailsystem,hascarefullysynchronizedtheclocksatalloftherailstations.AtthemomentthatStanleymeasuresalloftheclocksstrikingnoon,Mavisisonahigh-speedpassengercartravelingfromOgdenvilletowardNorthHaverbrook.AccordingtoMavis,whentheOgdenvilleclockstrikesnoon,whattimeisitinNorthHaverbrook?()
A:beforenoonB:noonC:notenoughinformationisgiventodecideD:afternoon
答案:afternoon
Samir(whoisstandingontheground)startshisstopwatchattheinstantthatMariafliespasthiminherspaceshipataspeedof0.600c.Atthesameinstant,Mariastartsherstopwatch.AsmeasuredinSamir’sframeofreference,whatisthereadingonMaria’sstopwatchattheinstantthatSamir’sstopwatchreads10.0s?()
A:notenoughinformationisgiventodecideB:morethan10.0sC:10.0sD:lessthan10.0s
答案:lessthan10.0s
InframeSeventsP1andP2occuratthesamex-,y-andz-coordinates,buteventP1occursbeforeeventP2.InframeS’,eventP1occursfirst。()
A:对B:错
答案:对
Accordingtorelativisticmechanics,whenyoudoublethespeedofaparticle,themagnitudeofitsmomentumincreasesby()
A:afactorgreaterthan2B:afactorbetween1and2thatdependsonthemassoftheparticleC:afactorsmallerthan1D:afactorof2
答案:afactorgreaterthan2
第二章测试
Siliconfilmsbecomebetterelectricalconductorswhenilluminatedbyphotonswithenergiesof1.14eVorgreater,aneffectcalledphotoconductivity.Whichofthefollowingwavelengthsofelectromagneticradiationcancausephotoconductivityinsiliconfilms?()
A:infraredlightwithλ=1200nmB:redlightwithλ=600nmC:ultravioletlightwithλ=300nm
答案:redlightwithλ=600nm;ultravioletlightwithλ=300nm
Intheapparatususedtoproducexrays,similartoRöntgen’s1895apparatus,supposeyouincreasethenumberofelectronsthatareemittedfromthecathodepersecondwhilekeepingthepotentialdifferenceVACthesame.HowwillthisaffecttheintensityIandminimumwavelengthλminoftheemittedxrays?()
A:IwillincreasebutλminwillbeunchangedB:IwillincreasebutλminwilldecreaseC:noneoftheseD:IwillremainthesamebutλminwilldecreaseE:Iandλminwillbothincrease
答案:Iwillincreasebutλminwillbeunchanged
Ifyouusedvisible-lightphotonsintheCompton-effectexperiment,thephotonswouldundergoawavelengthshiftduetothescattering.()
A:错B:对
答案:对
Ifyouusedvisible-lightphotonsintheCompton-effectexperiment,itispossibletodetecttheshiftwiththehumaneye。()
A:错B:对
答案:错
Throughwhichofthefollowinganglesisaphotonofwavelengthλmostlikelytobedeflectedafterpassingthroughaslitofwidtha?Assumethatismuchlessthana.()
A:θ=λ/aB:θ=2λ/aC:notenoughinformationgiventodecideD:θ=3λ/2aE:θ=3λ/a
答案:θ=3λ/2a
第三章测试
Aprotonhasaslightlysmallermassthananeutron.Comparedtotheneutron,wouldaprotonofthesamewavelengthhave()?()
A:morekineticenergyB:lesskineticenergyC:thesamekineticenergy
答案:morekineticenergy
SupposeyourepeatedRutherford’sscatteringexperimentusingathinsheetofsolidhydrogeninplaceofthegoldfoil.(Hydrogenisasolidattemperaturesbelow14.0K.)Thenucleusofahydrogen
atomisasingleproton,withaboutone-fourththemassofanalphaparticle.Comparedto
theoriginalexperimentwithgoldfoil,wouldyouexpectthealphaparticlesinthisexperiment
toundergo()?()
A:thesameamountoflarge-anglescatteringB:morelarge-anglescatteringC:lesslarge-anglescattering
答案:lesslarge-anglescattering
ConsiderthepossibletransitionsbetweenenergylevelsinaHe+ion.ForwhichofthesetransitionsinHe+willthewavelengthoftheemittedphotonbenearlythesameasoneofthewavelengthsemittedbyexcitedHatoms?()
A:n=3ton=2B:n=4ton=3C:noneoftheseD:n=2ton=1E:morethanoneofthese
答案:morethanoneofthese
Anordinaryneonlightfixturelikethoseusedinadvertisingsignsemitsredlightofwavelength632.8nm.Neonatomsarealsousedinahelium–neonlaser(atypeofgaslaser).Thelightemittedbyaneonlightfixtureis()
A:bothspontaneousandstimulatedemissionB:spontaneousemissionC:stimulatedemission
答案:spontaneousemission
Ablackbodyat2000Kemitsxraysanditalsoemitsradiowaves.()
A:对B:错
答案:对
第四章测试
Awavepacketgivenbythisequation,,representsastationarystate.()
A:对B:错
答案:错
Ifaparticleinaboxisinthenthenergylevel,whatistheaveragevalueofitsx-componentofmomentumpx?()
A:B:C:D:E:zero
答案:zero
Supposethatthewidthofthefinitepotentialwellisreducedbyone-half.HowmustthevalueofU0changesothattherearestilljustthreeboundenergylevelswhoseenergiesarethefractionsofU0?U0must:()?()
A:increasebyafactoroffourB:decreasebyafactorofone-fourthC:remainthesameD:increasebyafactoroftwoE:decreasebyafactorofone-half
答案:increasebyafactoroffour
Itispossibleforaparticleundergoingtunnelingtobefoundwithinthebarrierratherthanoneithersideofit.()
A:错B:对
答案:对
Aquantum-mechanicalsysteminitiallyinitsgroundlevelabsorbsaphotonandendsupinthefirstexcitedstate.Thesystemthenabsorbsasecondphotonandendsupinthesecondexcitedstate.Forwhichofthefollowingsystemsdoesthesecondphotonhavealongerwavelengththanthefirstone?()
A:aparticleinaboxB:ahydrogenatomC:aharmonicoscillator
答案:ahydrogenatom
第五章测试
Inacertainregionofspacethepotential-energyfunctionforaquantum-mechanicalparticleiszero.Inthisregionthewavefunctionforacertainstationarystatesatisfies,,and.TheparticlehasadefiniteenergyEthatispositive.Whatcanyouconcludeaboutinthisregion?()
A:itmustbezeroB:itmustbenegativenotenoughinformationgiventodecideC:ItmustbepositiveD:itmustbezero
答案:itmustbezero
RankthefollowingstatesofaparticleinacubicalboxofsideLinorderfromhighesttolowestenergy:
(i)(nX,nY,nZ)=(2,3,2);(ii)(nX,nY,nZ)=(4,1,1);(iii)(nX,nY,nZ)=(2,2,3);(iv)(nX,nY,nZ)=(1,3,3).Theansweris:(iv),(ii),(i)and(iii)(tie).()
A:对B:错
答案:对
Rankthefollowingstatesofthehydrogenatominorderfromhighesttolowestprobabilityoffindingtheelectroninthevicinityofr=5a(i)n=1,l=0,ml=0;(ii)n=2,l=1,ml=+1;(iii)n=2,l=1,ml=0.()
A:(ii),(iii),(i)B:(i),(iii),(ii)C:(ii)and(iii)(tie),(i)D:(iii),(ii),(i)
答案:(ii)and(iii)(tie),(i)
Inthissectionweassumedthatthemagneticfieldpointsinthepositivez-component.Theresultswouldbedifferentifthemagneticfieldpointedinthepositivex-direction.()
A:对B:错
答案:错
Inwhichofthefollowingsituationsisthemagneticmomentofanelectronperfectlyalignedwithamagneticfieldthatpointsinthepositivez-direction?()
A:ms=+1/2B:bothAandBC:neitherAorBD:ms=-1/2
答案:neitherAorB
第六章测试
Ifelectronsobeyedtheexclusionprinciplebutdidnothavespin,howmanyelectronscouldparticipateinacovalentbond?()
A:twoB:threeC:morethanthreeD:one
答案:one
Arotatingdiatomicmoleculeemitsaphotonwhenitmakesatransitionfromlevelltol-1levelIfthevalueoflincreases,doesthewavelengthoftheemittedphoton()?()
A:decreaseB:increaseC:remainunchanged
答案:decrease
IfaisthedistanceinanNaClcrystalfromanNa+iontooneofitsnearest-neighborCl-ions,whatisthe
distancefromanNa+iontooneofitsnext-to-nearest-neighborCl-ions?()
A:noneoftheseB:C:2aD:
答案:
Onetypeofthermometerworksbymeasuringthetemperature-dependentelectricalresistivityofasample.Whichofthefollowingtypesofmaterialdisplaysthegreatestchangeinresistivityforagiventemperaturechange?()
A:insulatorB:semiconductorC:resistor
答案:semiconductor
AnidealgasobeystherelationshippV=nRT.Thatis,foragivenvolumeVandanumberofmolesn,asthetemperatureTdecreases,thepressurepdecreasesproportionatelyandtendstozeroasTapproachesabsolutezero.Thisisalsotrueofthefree-electrongasinasolidmetal.()
A:对B:错
答案:错
第七章测试
Bywhatfactormustthemassnumberofanucleusincreasetodoubleitsvolume?()
A:2B:C:8D:4
答案:4
Rankthefollowingnucleiinorderfromlargesttosmallestvalueofthebindingenergypernucleon.Theansweris:(ii),(iii),(v),(iv),(i)()
A:错B:对
答案:错
AnucleuswithatomicnumberZandneutronnumberNundergoestwodecayprocesses.TheresultisanucleuswithatomicnumberZ-3andneutronnumberN-1.Whichdecayprocessesmayhavetakenplace?()?()
A:TwodecaysB:TwodecaysC:andecayandadecayD:andecayandadecayE:Twodecays
答案:andecayandadecay
Whichsamplecontainsagreaternumberofnuclei:asampleof(half-life6560y)orasampleof(half-life7370y)?()
A:thesampleB:bothhavethesamenumberofnucleiC:thesample
答案:bothhavethesamenumberofnuclei
Alphaparticleshave20timestherelativebiologicaleffectivenessof200-keVxrays.Whichwouldbebettertousetoradiatetissuedeepinsidethebody?()
A:abeamof200-keVxraysB:abeamofalphaparticlesC:bothareequallyeffective
答案:abeamof200-keVxrays
第八章测试
Eachofthefollowingparticlescanbeexchangedbetweentwoprotons,twoneutrons,oraneutronandaprotonaspartofthenuclearforce.Ranktheparticlesinorderoftherangeoftheinteractionthattheymediate,fromlargesttosmallestrange.(i)the(pi-plus)mesonofmass(ii)the(rho-plus)mesonofmass(iii)the(eta-zero)mesonofmass(iv)the(omega-ze
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