珠海市某香山别墅能源系统综合设计

北京理工大学珠海学院2020届本科生毕业设计[11]。综上所述，别墅热水系统机组的选择是空气能热泵热水器。4.3热泵设计说明热水用量确定：表4.2热水用水定额表序号建筑物名称单位最高日用水定额（L)使用时间（h)1住宅有自备热水供应和沐浴设备有集中热水供应和沐浴设备每人每日每人每日40~8060~100242别墅每人每日70~110243酒店式公寓每人每日80~110244宿舍1类、2类3类、4类每人每日每人每日70~10040~8024或定时供应5招待所、培训中心、普通旅馆设公用清洗室设公用清洗室、淋浴室设公用清洗室、淋浴室、洗衣室、设单独卫生间、公用洗衣室每人每日每人每日每人每日每人每日25~4040~6050~8060~10024或定时供应6宾馆客房旅馆员工每床位每日每人每日120~16040~50247医院住院部设公用清洗室设公用清洗室、淋浴室设单独卫生间医务人员门诊部、诊疗所疗养院、修养所住房部每床位每日每床位每日每床位每日每人每班每个病人每次每床位每日60~10070~130110~20070~1307~13100~1602424248824设计参数珠海市某别墅预计人员：共6人；别墅需24小时供应热水。要保持相对稳定状态。表4.3别墅热水参数设定表别墅计算人口（人）6每人用水量选择（L）100用水总量600计算终止温度（℃）50计算冷水温度（℃）15热量总负荷（kw.h）24.424.4别墅供热水系统4.4.1别墅热水机型选型（1）、设备选型：根据表4-3别墅热水参数设定表，本别墅的热水系统方案设计选用某品牌“热水湾—KFRS-19M/NaBS”直热循环式空气能热泵水机组作为制取热水的设备。品牌设备型号数量外形尺寸某品牌-“热水湾”KFRS-19M/NaBS11078×453×1510表4.4别墅热水系统机组型号表（2）、“某品牌－热水湾”直热循环空气能热水机组参数：表4.5热水机组参数型号KFRS-19M/NaBS额定制热量（kW）19.5平均输入功率（kW）4.5额定热水产量(L/h)419总电源三相四线380V50Hz压缩机形式全封闭转子压缩机数量1型式低噪音调速轴流机风机台数1功率（kW）0.25外形尺寸长（mm）1510宽（mm）453高（mm）1510出水温度水箱温度：默认50℃；30-55℃可调制冷剂R410(3000g)换热器形式U型翅片式冷媒控制方式热力膨胀阀噪声dB(A)56重量（kg）140注：1、额定工况：环境干球温度20℃，湿球温度15℃；热水温度55℃。（3）、水箱容量选定别墅热水使用是分散型，使用时间不是集中式，因而对水箱的要求应满足最大热水量的要求，从经济上考虑该栋别墅选择350L的保温水箱（350L热水+419L/h机组热水660L测算日用水量）。4.4.2热水管道、设备布置图4.1别墅热水系统管路设备布置图另：别墅热水系统建筑平面CAD图，见附录图4.2直热循环空气能热泵水机组安装示意图4.4.3循环水泵别墅热系统水泵选型依据是水泵的流量和扬程：①冷水增压泵选型在这种情况下，当环境温度为20°c，进水温度为15°c时，单个机组的最大出水量为0.6m/h，考虑到1.2的安全系数，1台机组运行时，所选冷水增压泵流量：（式4.1）别墅楼层高:（式4.2）（式4.3）室外管网最低供水压力（式4.4）取最不利配水点流出水头（式4.5）计算冷水增压泵的扬程：（式4.6）余量系数1.1~1.2（本案例选1.15），进而选定冷水增压泵的扬程：（式4.7）即冷水增压泵的流量为0.72m3/h，扬程为7.65mH2O。表4.6冷却水泵参数表机型扬程（m³）（m³/h）功率（kw）ISG25-110(I)(B)(C)82.50.55②热水循环水泵选型热水循环水泵流量确定热水系统选用机组KFRS-19M/NaBS所需循环水泵的流量为：（式4.8）热水循环水泵静压确定：热水出水与水箱最低水位高差为1.2m,则（式4.9）最不利配水点流出水头（式4.10）（式4.11）计算热水循环水泵的扬程：（式4.12）余量系数1.1~1.2（本案例选1.15）进而选定循环泵扬程：（式4.13）即热水循环水泵流量为0.72m3/h，扬程为20mH2O。表4-7热水循环水泵参数表机型扬程（m³）（m³/h）功率（kw）ISG25-160(I)(B)(C)202.51.13）热水机组水阻力表：表4-8热水机组水阻力表型号循环水阻力（kPa)循环水阻力（m)KFRS-10(M)A1505KFRS-12M/NaB3545.4KFRS-19M/NaBS858.5KFRS-39M/NaBS585.8KFRS-39M/NaB3S505KFRS-80SM/NaBS606KFRS-130FMA1S303KFRS-150FMA2S3034.4.4水管选型热水机组进、出水管径的确定是根据机组额定水流量和设计水流量来确定的。（参考GB50015-2003建筑给水排水设计规范）表4-9水管选型推荐表

5.能源系统综合设计方案5.1基于智能家居控制的中央空调控制系统方案在大数据时代，科技技术的飞快发展，智能手机使用越来越普遍，智能家家居应运而生——“小米生态圈”、“某品牌万物网”等，在互联网时代下，中央空调将会实现云控制。因此，针对中央空调系统控制设计出一个WIFI控制模块器，控制器接通网络，通过手机APP与控制模块器匹配实现远程操控。以下是针对WIFI控制模块器的设计：图5.1WIFI控制器外观图表5.1WIFI控制器功能特点表外观形状整体外观为圆盘状，呈白色，中间带有透光环，小巧精美电源有多种电源可以选择（12V、24V、220V）控制范围一个WIFI控制器对应一个空调系统，最多可控制64个末端远程控制用户可通过手机App，实现在家中或户外控制空调机组。场景设置可根据用户需求，设置不同设备开关时间间隔、功能切换等。功能1.控制整个空调系统的运行和停止2.独立控制每个房间的每一台室内末端的开关3.独立控制每个房间的送风温度、湿度3.预约功能4.末端清洁提醒功能图5.2WIFI控制器网络拓扑图每个WIFI控制器最多控制六十四个中央空调室内末端及一台中央空调室外机的空调网络。在WIFI控制器连接互联网的情况下，智能手机可以通过互联网对别墅中央空调系统进行远程控制。5.2基于智能家居新风系统的控制针对新风系统可以设计一个空气检测盒进行对新风机组进行远程控制，空气检测盒是WIFI控制器的升级版，它可以实现联网远程控制新风机组的开关及调节送风量大小的功能，同时具备WIFI控制器不具有的空气质量检测功能和空气严重污染报警功能，空气检测包含了PM2.5浓度检测、CO2含量检测、温度和湿度的检测，并且可以根据检测空气中PM2.5、CO2的浓度值，环境温度值和湿度值，计算出空气质量等级。表5.2空气质量等级表空气质量指数级别空气质量评级等级指标对应颜色是否报警一级优绿色否二级良黄色否三级轻度污染橙色否四级中度污染橙色否五级重度污染红色是六级严重污染红色是线控器、空气检测盒及全热交换新风除霾机组的连接：图5.3新风除霾机组控制连接示意图空气检测盒子显示空气质量等级有两种模式：夜灯模式和呼吸灯模式，呼吸灯模式：类似呼吸动作亮暗交替工作；夜灯模式：亮度固定不变。可以通过手机APP进行设置和切换，同时用户也可以通过手机了解到具体每个房间的空气质量等级，如果某个房间被检测到空气质量为重度或严重污染，手机将会接收到通知且空气检测控制盒会发出警报声。5.3基于智能家居控制的热水系统控制基于智能家居控制的热水系统控制是通过电器盒子来实现的。通过智能手机APP匹配对应电器盒子，将电器盒连接路由器实现通网，再将电器盒连接空气源热泵水机组、储存水箱、循环水泵和供水泵等设备，最终实现远程控制别墅热水系统的开关、调节别墅生活热水温度、检测水箱热水温度、让热水管道冷水回流到储存水箱中等功能。图5.4远程控制热水系统网络拓扑图5.4别墅空调、新风及热水系统综合控制方案基于智能家居下开发出一款智能家居控制APP，可以实现跨品牌、跨领域控制不同品牌的家庭空调系统、新风系统、热水系统，实现一个软件控制多个系统。图5.5智能家居下多系统控制构想图在软件市场上出现的智能家居控制APP种类繁多，但是功能相对比较简单、不够人性化，但在科技迅猛发展的今天，智能家居将迎来快速发展，会有更多的资源投向这个领域，二十一世纪的中国已经告别了温饱时代迈向小康社会，人们对物质生活的追求会越来越高，因而互联网时代下的智能家居将迎来春天。

6.总结毕业设计为了更加贴近实际生活，因而我的毕业设计选题是“珠海市某香山别墅能源系统综合设计”。设计中的主体是别墅，而设计对象是别墅建筑中的空调、新风、热水系统，别墅多能源系统设计应用到大学中学习的课本知识：暖通与空调、热泵技术、管路工艺实习、能动专业课程设计等专业知识，此外，还阅读了大量参考文献。珠海市某香山别墅为案例，设计出一套能源系统综合方案。方案中有三大系统能源系统设计，其一，中央空调系统：本案例中别墅空调系统选用多联机式中央空调，室外机连接多个室内机，每个房间的温湿度由独立线控器控制。第二，新风系统：本案例中别墅使用全热交换新风除霾机净化室外污浊的空气，通过送风管道将新鲜干净的空气送进室内，有效改善室内空气质量，让人们远离空调病。其三，热水系统：别墅热水系统使用直热循环式空气能热泵热水机组为别墅提供热水，更加节能、环保。21世纪的世界是互联网时代，人们的生活离不开网络。如果你在21世纪之前离开网络，你还是原来的你，但是在21世纪的今天你一旦离开网络，你将会这个世界格格不入。在这互联网时代下，智能家居悄然而生，而且生命力旺盛，家居行业将迎来的新改革。因此，在设计别墅综合能源系统空调、热水、新风是当今人们生活最不可缺少的物质，在炎热的夏天谁会为夏天买单——空调会替你的炎热买单；在一天的劳累工作后，谁会替你的疲劳买单——每晚的热水洗澡替的劳累买单；经济的发展却以环境的破坏为代价，谁会为你的呼吸健康买单——新风净化替你的健康买单。伴随人民生活条件的改善，对生活质量的追求只会越来越高，因此，针对家用中央空调、新风、热水系统进行综合设计是具有现实意义的，本设计以珠海市某香山别墅为案例，设计出一套能源系统综合方案。参考文献《民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范GB50736-2012》《采暖通风与空气调节设计规范》（GB50019-2003版）《别墅中央空调设计》_河南理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业论文2019年格力中央空调设计选型手册（上册）2019年格力中央空调设计选型手册（中册）吴继红、李佐周编著.《中央空调工程设计与施工》.北京：高等教育出版社，1997陆亚俊．《暖通空调》（第二版）：中国建工出版社，2007《民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范GB50736-2012》《热泵热水系统设计、安装及使用规范》CRAA311-2009《给水排水工程管道结构设计规范》GB50332-2002邓甘.对某房家用中央空调的选型与安装[J].消费电子,2014(4):3-3.马伟斌.太阳能-空气双热源热泵中央热水系统[J].高科技与产业化.2005陈东,谢继红.热泵热水装置[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2009刘俊杰.中国新风净化产品发展趋势分析[J].现代家电,2017(4):4-4.古延辉．《基于LPC2294的新风机组监控系统设计》.中北大学:硕士学位论文,2008邝文君毕浩桐龚凯.地暖新风系统房间的室内舒适性研究[J].华北理工大学学报(自然科学版),2018(04):106-111衣金凤.论户式央空调的选用[J].南京天加环境科技有限公司.江苏南京.210046附录附录1别墅三层建筑平面CAD图：图A.1别墅一层平面图图A.2别墅二层平面图图A.3别墅三层平面图图A.4别墅顶层平面布置图附录2别墅中央空调系统建筑平面布局CAD图：图B.1别墅中央空调系统管路布置图图B.2别墅一层空调管路布置图图B.3别墅二层空调管路布置图图B.4别墅三层空调管路布置图图B.5别墅中央空调室外机安装示意图附录3别墅全热新风系统建筑平面布局CAD图：图C.1别墅全热新风系统管道布置图

图C.2别墅一层全热新风管道布置图图C.3别墅二层全热新风管道布置图图C.4别墅三层全热新风管道布置图

附录4别墅热水系统建筑平面布局CAD图：图D.1别墅热水系统管路布置图图D.2别墅一层热水管路布置图图D.3别墅二层热水管路布置图图D.4别墅三层热水管路布置图图D.5别墅热水机组安装示意图附录5外文文献—OntheselectionofcentralairconditioningOntheselectionofcentralairconditioningGarmentjinfengNanjingtianjiaenvironmentaltechnologyco.,LTD.Nanjingjiangsu210046,ChinaAbstractWiththedevelopmentoftherealestatemarket,thedemandforhouseholdcentralairconditioningisincreasing,andhouseholdwaterdispensergraduallyoccupiesthemarketshareduetoitsenergysavingandcomfort.Takingavillaprojectinnanjingasanexample,thispaperintroducesthecharacteristicsoftheseriesofhouseholdcentralairconditioningsystem.Keywords:householdcentralairconditioning;Householdwaterdispenser;Energysaving;Comfortable;Intelligentjointcontrol.Bodytext：Inthe11yearsfrom2007to2017,theannualconstructionareaofhousesinChinaisabout1.68billionsquaremeters,andthecompletedresidentialareaisabout750millionsquaremeters.Amongthem,theresidentialareasoldinnanjingin2017wasabout14.29millionsquaremeters.Therealestatemarketisheatingup,drivingthesalesofhouseholdcentralairconditioningproducts.Withthelargeincreaseofhigh-endresidentialusergroupssuchasvillasandlargeflatfloors,thesinglefunctionoffluorinesystemVRFandunitmachinecannotmeettheneedsofmanyhigh-endconsumers,especiallyintermsofcomfort.Withtheupgradingofconsumptionconcept,consumers'consumptionconsciousnessdevelopstothepersonalizeddevelopment,focusingonthecomfort,cleanness,energysavingandmulti-functionofairconditioning.Inadditiontothefunctionofairconditioning,householdwaterdispensercanalsobedirectlyappliedtothefloorheatingsystem,whichcanbeheatedatthesametimewiththewallhangingfurnaceandsolarenergy,soithascertainadvantagesinenergysaving.Inrecentyears,manyfluorinesystemmanufacturershavebeguntomarkethouseholdcentralairconditioningproductsofwatersystem.Althoughtheshipmentvolumecannotbecomparedwiththesalesvolumeofhouseholdcentralairconditioningproductsoffluorinesystem,itcanbeknownthatfluorinesystemmanufacturershaverecognizedthehouseholdcentralairconditioningproductsofwatersystem.Thenorthcoaltoelectricitymarkettothehouseholdwaterdispensersalesdriveobvious.HouseholdwatercoolercanmeettheheatingdemandofnorthChinamarketinwinterandprovidecoolinginsummer.Theenergy-savingandenvironmentalprotectionfunctionconformstothegovernment'spolicyofreplacingcoalwithelectricity.Householdwatercoolerhasabroadprospectinthenorthernmarket.Thefollowingisanexampleofairconditioningdesignforadouble-storeyvillainnanjingcity.ArchitecturaloverviewThevillaislocatedintheoutskirtsofnanjing,mainlyforlivingandliving,withabuildingareaof260m2andanactualairconditioningareaof186m2.Villasummerairconditioningrefrigeration,winterusingairconditioningorgasboilerfloorradiationheating.Villaneedstoconsidertheexternalwallbearing,beautiful,machinespacelocation,indoormachineneedstocoordinatewiththeinteriordecorationstyle,asfaraspossiblelessoccupiedindoorspace.Groundwaterresourcesmaynotbeusedwithoutgovernmentapproval.Itrequirescomfort,energysaving,healthandconvenientcontrol.

ThechoiceofairconditioningmodeFigure2.1householdcentralairconditioningHouseholdcentralairconditioningmainclassificationisasfollows:1.Variablefrequencymultiplecentralair-conditioning2.Airconditioningandfancoiloftheseparatedvariablefrequencyhouseholdwatermachine3.water(ground)sourceheatpumpairconditioning+fancoilairconditioningwatersystemandfluorinesystemcomprehensivecomparisonvariablefrequencyVRFbelongstothefluorinesystem,water(ground)sourceheatpumpairconditioningandsplitvariablefrequencyhouseholdairconditioning+fancoilsystembelongtothewatersystem(1)energy-savingcomparisonwatermachineadoptsdcfrequencyconversiontechnology,becausethespecificheatcapacityofwaterislarger,thelargertheutilizationrateis,themoreenergysaving,suitableforlargearea(generallymorethan150m2)housinguse.FluorinemachineUSESfrequencyconversiontechnology,highcontrolaccuracy,highefficiencyandenergysaving,whenusedinsmallfamily,itsenergysavingandenergysavingadvantageismoreprominent(2)comparisonofcomfortability:wateristhecarrierofrefrigeration(heat)ofwaterdispenser.Thedifferenceintemperaturebetweentheaircomingoutofthehouseholdwaterdispenserissmall,andthebodyfeelingismorecomfortablewhenthewindblowstothebody.Itseldomtakesawayindoorairmoistureduringoperation,butkeepsindoorairmoist,makingpeoplefeelwarmandcomfortable.Comfortisthebiggesthighlightofthewatermachine.Fluorinemachineistheuseoffreonrefrigerantgasificationheatabsorption,summerairtemperatureislow,forsensitivephysiquepeople,summertothetemperatureistoolowtothecoldwinddirectlyblowingthebodyandwintertodryairconditioninghotairwillfeeluncomfortable.Whenrefrigerationwilltakeawayindoormoisture,resultingindryair,whentheuseofcomfortisslightlypoor.3)comparedwithwater,thespecificheatcapacityofrefrigerationspeedislarger,temperatureriseandtemperaturedropisslower,sotherefrigerationandheatingspeedisslower.Thefluorinemechanismisonandoffwhenit'scold,andit'sveryfast.(4)therearerefrigerantpipes,watersupplyandreturnpipesandcondensatepipesinthepipelineandthepipelineoftheinstallationmachine.Thewaterpipesarecomplicated,andtheinstallationpersonnelshallhavetheprofessionalknowledge,technologyandprocessexperienceofhvac.Waterpipelengthdesignisflexible,notlimited,thewatersystemindoormachine,outdoormachineisrelativelyindependent,donotaffecteachother.Theinternalhydraulicmoduleofthemainenginecanmeettheresistanceofhouseholdwaterpumphead.Fluorinemachineonlyhasrefrigerantpipelineandcondensatepipeline,theconnectionpipelineissimple,theinstallationpersonnel'shvacprofessionalknowledgeisnothigh,buttheweldingtechnologyisveryhigh.Thefluorinesystemdirectlytransportsrefrigeranttoheatexchangerofeachindoormachineofairconditioning.Therefrigerantdistributionpipeislong,andthecopperpipeisexpensive.Therearemanyweldingpointsinthecopperpipeofindoorpipeline,sothehiddendangerprobabilityofrefrigerantleakageislarge.Sothefluorinemachinerefrigerantconnectionpipeinstallationandweldingrequirementsareparticularlyhigh.Therearerequirementsonthedistanceandbitdifferencebetweenindoorandoutdoorairconditioningunits.(5)lowpressurewatersystemisadoptedinthemaintenancecostwatercooler.Therefrigerantoftheunitissealedintheoutdoorunitandtheindoorunit.Theindoorunitisnotintheairconditioningroom.Toensuretherefrigerationeffectoffluorinemachine,specialpersonnelarerequiredtoregularlymaintainandreplenishrefrigerant.Thedistancebetweentheinsideandoutsideoffluorinemachineislong,andtherearemanyweldingpoints.Certainrefrigerantlossisallowedincopperpipeeveryyear.Anothermaintenancechargeisrequired.Considerthespecificrequirementsandactualsituationofthehouseholder:summerairconditioningrefrigerationandwinterheatingrequirements,adequatewaterresources,highcomfortrequirements,indoorbeauty,etc.Ithinkitismostsuitabletochoosethecentralairconditioningsystem+fancoil+floorradiationofthesplitvariablefrequencyhouseholdwatercooler,whichisusedforcoolinginsummerandfloorradiationinwinter.Consideringthatthetimeofairconditioninginthefunctionalareaisinconsistent,thefirstflooriscomposedofsystem1,andthesecondflooriscomposedofsystem2.Themainenginecanbeturnedonasneededtosaveenergyandreduceoperatingcosts.Inthenumeroushouseholdwatercoolercentralairconditioning,Ichooseisthetianjiabrandhomerunhouseholdcentralairconditioningfrequencyconversion.Advantagesofthisseries:1,temperatureandhumiditycontroldayplusuniquetemperatureandhumiditycontroltechnology,sothattheindoorhumiditytomaintainthemostcomfortablerangeofthehumanbody(about50%).Fullyvariablefrequencydesigntoaccuratelycontrolindoortemperature,roomtemperaturefluctuationcanbecontrolledwithin±1℃.2,highefficiencyandenergysavingusevalleywheeldcvariablefrequencyscrollcompressor,variablefrequencywaterpumpandmotor,accordingtothehvacengineeringloadcanautomaticallyadjusttheoperatingfrequencyoftheunit,unit15%~120%variablecapacityregulation,stableoperation.Thewholeworkingconditionjetenthalpytechnology,whetheritisheatingat-25℃orcoolingat48℃,canbeeasilyhandledbytheunit.Theheatingandcoolingefficiencyunderextremeconditionsis30%higherthanthatofordinaryunits.Reduceexhaustsuperheatandimproveoperationreliability.Winterheatingdoesnotneedelectricauxiliaryheat,canachieve40℃refrigerationdoesnotdecay,-20℃heatdoesnotdecay.Theflexiblescrollcompressorhashighvolumeefficiency,goodsealingeffectandbetterperformancethantherotorcompressorunderextremeworkingconditions.Thecomprehensiveenergyefficiencycoefficient(IPLV)oftheunitisashighas4.3,farexceedingthenationallevel1energyefficiencystandard.3,radiantheatingwinterfloorradiantheating,indoorsurfacetemperatureuniformheatfromthebottomup,inlinewiththelawofhumanthermalengineering,giveapersonwithfeetwarmheadcoolfeeling.Floorheatingcanimprovehabitantbloodcirculates,avoidsenilediseasesuchasoldcoldleg,rheumatism,suittohavethefamilyofoldpersonandchildmore.4,splitdesign,notafraidoffreezingunitsusingsplitstructure,watersystemcanbeinstalledindoors.Theunitisequippedwithmultipleanti-freezingdesign,whichcaneffectivelysolvetheproblemoflocalfreezingofwaterpipesinwinterandmakeusersfeelmorecomfortable.5,water"capacity"islarge,superhotwaterstorageasrefrigerant,heatcapacityislarge,thermaltemperatureisstrong,canmaintainroomtemperatureequilibrium.Atthesametime,ithassuperheatstoragecapacity,andcanmaintaintheindoortemperatureforalongtimeaftertheunitisshutdown,whichismoreenergysaving.6.Intelligentjointcontrol,withadvancedfunctionssuchasintelligentcontrolandmobilephonemonitoring,thejiarunseriesofconveniencehomecanbeusedforcustomerstocontrolatwillandstartupwithonebutton.Theusercandirectlycontroltheswitchandoperationmodeofthehostthroughthetwo-in-onetemperaturecontrollerofairconditioningandfloorheating.Thecontrollercanbeconnectedtothesmarthomesystemandcandisplaythetemperature,humidity,PM2.5concentrationandfilterscreenstatus,presentingacomfortableenvironmentatanytime.Selectionofhouseholdwatermachineandairtray()designbasedondesignparametersanddesignon:GB/T50019specificationfordesignofheatingventilatingandairconditioning,GB50736civilbuildingheatingventilationandairconditioningdesignspecification",theGB50016"codeforfireprotectiondesignofbuildings,GB50189"publicbuildingenergyefficiencydesignstandards",GB50411"constructionqualityacceptanceofbuildingenergyconservationengineeringdesignparameters:Outdoordry/wetbulbtemperaturewascalculatedat35℃/28.3℃insummer.Theaveragedailytemperatureis31.4℃.Insummer,thecalculatedtemperatureintheair-conditionedroomis24~28℃,andtherelativehumidityintheair-conditionedroomis45~65%.,freshairvolume30m3/(h•people)(2)coolingloadcalculationcoolingloadreferstotheheatthatmustbetakenawayfromtheroombytheairconditioningsysteminordertomaintainthethermalandhumidenvironmentofthebuildingandtherequiredindoortemperature.Loadofairconditioningroommainpart:throughincomingindoorunsteadyheattransferofretainingstructuresandoutsidethroughthewindowintothesunheatradiation,thebodyheatandlighting,equipment,instruments,pipelineandotherheatsourcesofheat,heatfood,allkindsofpowderproducedintheprocessofwetquantityoflatentheat,heatpenetrationintotheair.Accordingtothetypeandnatureofeachheatgainandtheheatstoragecharacteristicsoftheairconditioningarea,theloadoftheairconditioningroomiscalculatedrespectively.Becausethecalculationmethodofairconditioningcoolingloadistedious,themethodofloadestimationisoftenusedintheschemedesign.Companiesordesigninstitutesoftenhavetheirownsetofestimates.Theair-conditioningloadestimationindexreferstothecoolingloadvalueprovidedbytheair-conditioningequipmentforeachsquaremeteroftheair-conditioningareaofthebuilding.Insummer,thetotalcoolingloadofthevillais160~250W/m2,andthespecifictotalcoolingloadisdeterminedbyreferringtotheorientation,function,numberofpersonnel,lightingandequipmentconfigurationofeachroom.Forexample:sittingroompersonnelactivityquantityisbig,lamplightillumeandhomeappliancearemoreconcentrated,equipmentheatismuchalso,facesouthandairflowquantityisbig,thecoldloadthatnewwindbringsismore,sototalcoldloadismore.Bedroompersonnellittleactivityquantityissmall,illumeandelectricalequipmentarelittle,thedoorisopenedfrequencyislittle,sototalcoolingloadissmall.(3)selectionoffancoilaccordingtothecharacteristicsofeachroomandthespecificload,selecttheappropriatefancoil.Householdultra-thinsilenttypewinddiscdesignedforhomedecoration,andanumberofpatentedtechnology,noiselowto22db,brushlessdcmotorefficiencyupto90%,savetheuseofcosts.Thisseriesofpurificationairdischasatriplefilterdesign.Theprefilterlayerinitiallyfilterslargerparticlesfromtheair.ThePM2.5filtrationlayercanphysicallyabsorbPM2.5withoutozone,andthePM2.5filtrationefficiencycanreach96%(cycleefficiencyof120min).Formaldehydeisremovedbychemicaldecompositionofformaldehydefilterlayer,withfiltrationefficiencyupto90%(60mincycleefficiency)andnosecondarypollution.Table3.1airconditioningloadconfigurationThetotalcoolingcapacityoftheairdiskisreferredtofortheselectionofhouseholdwatermachine.CanbeseenfromthetableaboveⅠandⅡsystempartitionplateofthetotalrefrigeratingcapacityofwindisrespectively16.2kW,21.6kWandselectstheunit:TSCA200DHL+TSCI200DHLDandTSCA160DHL+TSCI160DHLDeach1set,therefrigeratingcapacityofthemachinefor16kW,20kW,unitcapacityvariationwithinthescopeofthepermit.Withthedevelopmentofthenationaleconomyandtheimprovementofpeople'slivingstandards,thedemandforhouseholdcentralairconditioningisincreasing,anditsmarketdemandisboomingincomplexityanddiversification.Householdcentralairconditioningisstillinthemarketintroductionperiod,inasteadyupwardtrend,themarketpotentialishuge.Reference:[1]GB/T50019"designcodeforheatingventilationandairconditioning"[2]GB50736"designcodeforheatingventilationandairconditioningofcivilbuildings"[3]GB50411"constructionqualityacceptancecodeforbuildingenergyconservationengineering"[4]luyao-qing,etal.Practicalheatingandairconditioningdesignmanual.Beijing:Chinabuildingindustrypress,2008.[5]lixiangdong,etal.Designofmodernresidentialhvac.Beijing:Chinabuildingindustrypress,1993.[6]lijianhua,pricingofrefrigerationandairconditioninginstallationproject.Beijing:machineryindustrypress,2012.

附录5外文译文—论多联机式中央空调的选用论户式央空调的选用衣金凤南京天加环境科技有限公司江苏南京210046摘要随着房地产市场的发展，多联机式中央空调需求增长，户式水机以其节能、舒适逐步占有市场份额。以南京一别墅项目为例，详细介绍家加润变频多联机式中央空调系列的特点。关键词：多联机式中央空调；户式水机；节能；舒适；智能联控。DOI:10.19569/119313/tu.201831138正文：2007至2017年的11年间，我国每年房屋施工面积约16.8亿平方米，住宅竣工面积约7.5亿平方米。其中南京2017年销售的住宅面积约1429万平方米。房地产市场升温，带动了多联机式中央空调产品的销售。别墅、大平层等高端住宅用户群的大量增加，氟系统多联机以及单元机功能的单一性不能满足很多高端消费者的使用需求，特别是在舒适性方面。随着消费理念的升级，消费者的消费意识向个性化发展，注重空调的舒适性、洁净性、节能与多功能性。户式水机除了具备空调的功能，还可以直接应用于地暖系统，与壁挂炉、太阳能同时供暖，在节能方面具有一定优势。这几年，有不少氟系统厂家开始在市场上推出水系统多联机式中央空调产品，虽然出货量无法与氟系统多联机式中央空调产品的销售量对比，但可知，氟系统厂家对水系统多联机式中央空调产品本身的认可。北方煤改电市场对户式水机销量推动明显。户式水机，冬季满足华北市场的采暖需求，夏季可以提供制冷，节能环保功能符合政府大力推广的煤改电政策，户式水机在北方市场前景广阔。下面以南京市一个双层别墅空调设计方案为例，介绍多联机式中央空调的特点。一、建筑概况：别墅位于南京市郊，主要为生活起居用，房屋建筑面积260m2，实际的空调使用面积为186m2。别墅夏季空调制冷，冬季采用空调或燃气锅炉地板辐射制热。别墅需考虑外墙承重、美观、外机空间位置，室内机的需要与室内装潢风格相协调，尽量少占用室内空间。未经政府批准不可使用地下水资源。要求舒适、节能、健康，控制便利。二、选择空调方式图2.1多联机式中央空调多联机式中央空调的主要分类如下：1、变频多联式中央空调2、分体变频户式水机空调+风机盘管3、水（地）源热泵空调+风机盘管空调水系统与氟系统综合比较变频多联机属于氟系统，水（地）源热泵空调与分体变频户式水机空调+风机盘管系统属于水系统。（一）节能性比较水机采用直流变频技术，由于水的比热容较大，使用率越大越节能，适合大面积（一般超过150m2）的房屋使用。氟机采用变频技术，控制精度高，高效节能，用于小户型时，它的节能省电优势就更为突出（二）舒适性比较水机的制冷（热）载体是水，户式水机出风温差小，风吹到身上体感更为舒适。运行时很少带走室内空气水分，可保持室内空气湿润，让人倍感温润宜人，舒适是水机最大的亮点。氟机是利用氟利昂制冷剂气化吸热，夏季出风温度低，对于敏感体质人群，夏季对温度过低的冷风直接吹拂身体以及冬季对干燥的空调热风均会感觉不舒适。制冷时会带走室内水分，导致空气较干燥，使用时舒适感稍差。（三）制冷速度比较水的比热容较大，升温降温比较慢，所以制冷制热速度较慢。氟机制冷时即开即冷，速度很快。（四）管路与安装水机管路有冷媒管、供回水管和冷凝水管，水管路复杂，安装人员需要有暖通专业知识和技术以及工艺经验。水管长度设计灵活，不受限，水系统室内机、室外机相对独立，互不影响。主