定语从句-高中英语

TheAttributiveClause

定语从句1ProverbsHe

wholaughslastlaughsbest.Alliswellthatendswell.Friendshipislikehealth,thevalueofwhichisseldomknown

untilitislost.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。结局好，一切都好。真正的友谊犹如健康的身体，失去时方知其可贵。2Findtherule:

Thekindsofattribute(定语):1.Heisan

honestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.What’syourtelephonenumber?4.MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.5.TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.修饰,限定3

Thepositionsoftheattribute:（定语的位置）1.Thisisaflowerbasket.2.Thisisabasketfullofflowers.3.ThisisabasketthatIwanttoputflowersin.（单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。）4Studytherule:

AttributiveClause（定语从句）在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句HeisanEnglishteacher

wholikessingingsongs.定语从句先行词引导词（关系词）引导词关系代词:who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose关系副词:where﹑when﹑why5把下列句子分成两层意思:Thenumberofpeople

whowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.1Thenumberofpeoplereachedmorethan400,000.2Anumberofpeoplewerekilledorinjured.

6{

Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.把两个句子合成一个复合句

1Thewomanisateacher.2Thewomanlivesnextdoor.7Practice:

1.TheboysarefromGradeone.

Theboysareplayingbasketball.TheboysarefromGradeOne.who/thatareplayingbasketballTheboyswho/thatarefromGradeoneareplayingbasketball.82.Thenurseiskind.

Thenurselooksaftermysister.Thenurseiskind.who/thatlooksaftermysister3.Wewatchedtheplay“Teahouse”.TheplaywaswrittenbyLaoShe.Wewatchedtheplay“Teahouse”which/thatwaswrittenbyLaoShe.95.Thisisthehouse.LuXunoncelivedinthehouse.Thisisthehouse

which/thatLuXunoncelivedin.6.Whereisthegirl?YoutalkedwithherlastSunday.Whereisthegirl

who/whom/thatyoutalkedwithlastSunday?

10that引导的定语从句a.Hereisthemoneythat/whichwillbegiventoyou.b.Doyoulikethebook(that/which)youborrowedyesterday?

that

人或物主语

宾语

表语

不引导非限制性定语从句，不位于介词后。11

关系代词的选择

a.What’sthenameofthegirl

who

justcamein?b.Doyouknowthestudentto

whom

Janeistalking?(不能用who)who指人作主语/宾语（可省略）介词在前不可使用whom指人宾语（可省略）介词后不可省略12Which引导的定语从句Thebuildingwhich

/thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.

which

指物主语或

宾语（可省略)在介词后不可省略Theroominwhichtherearealotofbooksisareadingroom.13关系代词whose的用法

Whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语，whose指人或物，在从句中作定语。Heisanexcellentteacher,{whosedaughterstudiesabroad.

thedaughter

of

whom

studiesabroad.

Haveyouseenadictionarywhosecoverisblue?whose经常后接名词，这结构可以用the+名词＋of+whom/which来替换，意义不变。14Whichhouseismine?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。Thehouseismine.whoseroofisbrowntheroofofwhichisbrownMyhouse15Haveatry指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.

主语宾语定语宾语16Haveatry5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.6.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.定语

宾语171.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。引导词3个作用：18例1.Theman__________gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.that/who指人:that/who(主语)19例2:Theboy_________________thenurseislookingafterismyfriend.(who/whom/that)指人:who/whom/that(宾语,可省略)20例3:Thecar________________isredwasdamagedyesterday.that/which指物:that/which(主语)21例4:Thequestion_______________Idon’tunderstandisaboutgrammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(宾语,可省略)22例5.

Yesterdayshetalkedwithonewoman____husbanddiedinthataccident.A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.thatB关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和物时都用whose,可理解为“…的”23二.when,where,why引导定语从句where表示地点，只能跟在表地点或场合的名词后注意：where不在从句中作主语或宾语Whatisthenameofthetownwherewestayedlastnight?Thinkofaplacewherewecangofordinner.Pleaseleavethebookattheplacewhereitwas.Pleaseleavethebookwhereitwas.地点状语从句242.when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后

Tellmethetimewhenthetrainleaves.July,when(=inwhich)wecangohomeforarest,iscomingsoon.Iwillneverforgetthedays(that/which)Ispentwithyourfamily.WecangohomeforarestinJuly.Julyiscomingsoon.that在从句中充当spent的宾语成分253.why表示原因，通常跟在reason后引导定语从句Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelefthere.Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hecried.Theteacherwassurprisedatthereason(that/which)heexplainedforbeinglate.that在从句中充当explain的宾语成分Thisiswhyhecried.

表语从句26三.介词+关系代词which\whom引导的从句ThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowisourheadmaster.ThisistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.ThisisthepenwhichIamlookingfor.27介词+which和介词＋whom1.Thefarm

weworkedtenyearsagoisn’twhatitusedtobe.2.Heistheman

youcanturnforhelp.3.Thisisthetree

weusedtoplaygames.onwhichtowhomunderwhich284.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_______________wecan’tlive.5.Thestudent___________weweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.6.I’llneverforgettheday__________shesaidgoodbyetome.7.Whocangivemethereason________hehasn’tturnedupyet?withoutwhichaboutwhomonwhichforwhich29四.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.Heisrude,whichmakeshimselfkeepadistancefromothers.ThisisthebookwhichIreadyesterday.（１）限制性定语从句起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的部分，与先行词无逗号；（２）非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省去后不影响主句的意思，常用逗号与主句隔开．e.g.Thosewhocutdownthetreesshouldbepunished.ThisbookwasleftbyJohn,whowashereamomentago.30１.ItwasheardinBeijing,whichisonehundredkilometresaway.２.Butonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wenttobedasusualthatnight.３.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.非限制性定从非限制性定从限制性定从31限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…”通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词的使用A．做宾语时可省略B．可用thatA．不可省B。不用that32关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：（1）Whom,which作介词宾语时，介词一般可以放在它们的前面，也可以放在从句原来的位置上，但是含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词应该放在原来的位置上。

{

Thereisaroom

inwhich

youcanstudy.which

youstudy

in.Roseisthestudentwhomyoushouldlookafter/takecareof.33①.当先行词是不定代词时，如：all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,theone等。

⑵.只用that不用which的情况：Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

Thereisnodifficultythatwecan’tovercome.②.先行词前有theonly,few,oneof,little,no,all,every,very等词修饰时。34③.先行词被序数词first,last,next等或形容词的最高级修饰时。ThisisthefirstletterthatI’vewritteninEnglish.④.当先行词既有人又有物时。Theytalkedabouttheteachersandtheschools(that)theyhadvisited.⑤.当先行词是系动词be后面的表语时。Chinaisn’tthecountry

thatsheusedtobe50yearsago.35⑥当主句时以who,which,或what开头的特殊疑问句时。Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop?Whatdidyouhearthatmadeyousoangry？⑦therebe句型中Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.36(3).只用which不用that的情况

①先行词在非限制性定语从句中充

当主语或宾语。Hismoneywasstolenbyathief,whichmadehimverysad.②.当关系代词前有介词。Thisisthefactoryinwhichmymotherworks.③.当先行词本身是that时。

What’sthatwhichflashedinthesky

justnow?

37(5).关系代词who,which,that,在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须必须和先行词保持一致。Anyonewho__over20canjointhearmy.I,who____

yourfriend,willhelpyou.isam

38应用定语从句易犯的小错误一、在定语从句中加了多余的成分。误：SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome．正：SomeoftheboysIinviteddidn’tcome．译：我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。析：应删去them，因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom，who或that。39二、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。

误：Anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished．正：Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished．译：任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。析：应改break为breaks，因为who指anyone，是单数。40三、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。误：Thekeyopensthebikeismissing．正：Thekeythat／whichopensthebikeismissing．译：开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了。析：应加上关系代词that或which，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。41四、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。误：Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing．正：Thehousewherehelivesneedsrepairing．或：Thehouse(that/which)helivesinneedsrepairing．或：Thehouseinwhichhelivesneedsrepairing.译：他住的房子需要修理。42五、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用关系代词或关系副词。

误：Istillrememberthedaywhenwespenttogether．正：Istillremembertheday(that／which)wespenttogether．译：我仍记得我们在一起度过的日子。析：应改when为that或which，因为从句中谓语动词spent是及物动词，其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语。

43六、在先行词reason后错用关系副词why。

误：Haveyouaskedherforthereasonwhymayexplainherabsence？正：Haveyouaskedherforthereasonthat／whichmayexplainherabsence？译：你是否向他问过可以解释他缺席的原因？析：应改why为that或which，因为定语从句缺少主语，而不是少原因状语。44七、误将强调句型当定语从句。

误：Itwasinthekitchenwherethefirebrokeout．正：Itwasinthekitchenthatthefirebrokeout．译：大火发生在厨房。析：应将where改that，因为原句还原为Thefirebrokeoutinthekitchen后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型，而非定语从句。45PRACTICE改正下列句子中的错误。Thebookthatyouneeditisinthelibrary．Thosewhohasfinishedtheworkmaygohome．HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowFrenchinourschool．Thisisoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow．Childreneatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth．IstillrememberthedayonwhenIfirstcametoBeijing．Thisisthehousewherewelivedinlastyear．Idon’tbelievethereasonwhyhehasgivenforhisbeinglate．Wasitbecauseitsnowedlastnightwhenyoudidn’tcome？\haveknowsarewho/thatwhen/onwhichwhich/thatthat/whichthat强调句46关系代词用法关系代词指代

在从句中的作用

that

which

who

whom

whose(=ofwhich)人／物

主／宾主／宾主／宾宾定

人

人人／物物

Summary47关系副词的用法关系副词指代在从句中的作用when(=at/in/on/duringwhich)

where(=in/atwhich)why(=forwhich)

时间时间状语地点地点状语原因原因状语48Practice1.Theman______________istalkingtomeisafriendofmyfather’s.2.Theschool__________________isfamousherehasalonghistory.3.Iliveinthehouse_________windowsfacesouth.4.Heistheboy________wearewaitingfor.that/whothat/whichwhosewho/whom495.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wewereinthecountry.6.Thisisthepark_________youtookphotoslastSunday.7.Thatwasthereason________hewaslateforschool.

whenwhere

why50Exercises:1.Thegirl__________issittinginthechairisagoodsinger.2.Theskirt__________Maryboughttwoyearsagoisold.3.Isthisthenovel__________youintroducedtome?4.Whereistheboy_______brokethewindow?5.Luckilynoneofthepeople_________Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.who/thatwhich/thatthat/whichwho/that

who/whom51Exercises:

All___weneedistobesuppliedwithfoodandclothing.A.wh