考研《英语一》黑龙江省哈尔滨市道外区2023年预测试卷含解析

考研《英语一》黑龙江省哈尔滨市道外区2023年预测试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Likemanynewgraduates,Ileftuniversityfullofhopeforthefutureandwantedtomakea1intheworldsomehow,butIhadnoideahowtodothat.That’s2IlearnedabouttheLighthouseProject.Istartedmy3asaLighthouseProjectvolunteerbyreadingasmuchasIcouldabouttheexperiencesofprevious4.Iknewitwouldbealotof5,andthatIwouldbeawayfrommyfamilyandfriendsforaverylongtime.6,IdidnottakemydecisiontoapplyfortheLighthouseProject7.Isentinallthepaperworkneededfortheapplication.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedto8amongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.Severalmonthslater,Ifinallyreceivedacallaskingmetoreportforthe9.Iwouldbegoingtoasmall10nearAbuja,Nigeria.Aftercompletingmy11,Iwassenttothevillagethatwassmalland12inneedofproperaccommodation.Thoughthelocalvillagerswerepoor,theyofferedtheirhomes,hearts,andfood13Iweretheirownfamily.Iwasaskedto14asmallteamoflocalpeopleinbuildinganewschoolhouse.Forthenextyearorso,I15inthatsameschoolhouse.ButIsometimesthinkIlearnedmorefrommy16thantheydidfromme.Sometimeduringthatperiod,Irealizedthatallthosethingsthathadseemedsostrangeor17tomenolongerdid,thoughIdidnotgetanywherewiththelocal18,andreturnedtotheUnitedStatesa19man.TheLighthouseProjecthadchangedmy20forever.1、A．contribution B．difference C．change D．attempt2、A．why B．how C．when D．where3、A．journey B．career C．occupation D．business4、A．volunteers B．fellows C．graduates D．applicants5、A．adventure B．exploration C．fun D．hardwork6、A．Inturn B．Inreward C．Inhonor D．Inshort7、A．seriously B．lightly C．hurriedly D．cautiously8、A．stickout B．turnout C．standout D．pickout9、A．duty B．call C．application D．responsibility10、A．city B．company C．village D．school11、A．consideration B．college C．interview D．training12、A．instantly B．desperately C．severely D．timely13、A．asif B．evenif C．justas D．whatif14、A．convince B．lead C．gather D．undertake15、A．studied B．survive C．support D．taught16、A．villagers B．colleagues C．students D．competitors17、A．familiar B．similar C．cruel D．unusual18、A．language B．people C．attractions D．accommodation19、A．smarter B．different C．helpful D．professional20、A．character B．experience C．interest D．lifeSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Asself-drivingcarscomeclosertobeingcommononAmericanroads，muchoftherhetoric（浮夸之词）promotingthemhastodowithsafety.About40，000peopledieonUSroadseveryyear，anddrivererrorsarelinkedtomorethan20percentofcrashes.Butmanyofthebiggestsupportersofautonomous（自动的）vehiclesaren'tcarcompanieslookingtoimprovethesafetyoftheirexistingproducts.Hugesupportforself-drivingtechnologiesiscomingfromSiliconValleygreatcompanieslikeGoogleandApple.Thoseofuswhohavestudiedtherelationshipbetweentechnologyandsocietytendtolookmorecarefullyatthereasonsbehindanytechnologicalpush.Inthiscase，it'sclearthatinadditiontosolvingsafetyconcerns，SiliconValleyfirmshaveastrongincentive（动机）tocreateanewplaceforincreasingtheuseoftheirdigitaldevices.Everyminutepeoplespendontheirmobilephonesprovidesdata—andoftenmoney—totechcompanies.Atpresent，digitaldevicesanddrivingareinconflict:Thereareserious，oftenfatalconsequenceswhendriversusesmartphonestotalkortotext.Regulators（管理者）andsafetysupporterslooktosolvedialconflictbybanningphoneusewhiledriving，ashashappenedinalmosteverystate.Butthetechcompaniesaretakingadifferentapproach.TheobviousanswerforSiliconValleyistocreateanautomobileinwhichcontinuouscellphoneusenolongercausesathreattoanyone.Inrecentyears,theamountoftimeadultsspendontheirmobiledeviceshasgrownrapidly.Atthemoment,it'saroundfourhoursadayfortheaverageadultintheUS.However,thatrapidgrowthislikelytoslowdownaspeoplerunoutoftimethat'savailableforthemuptousetheirdevices,unless,ofcourse,there'sanewblockoftimethatsuddenlyopensup.TheaverageAmericannowspendsabout41minutesinacareveryday,asizeableopportunityforincreasedcellphoneuse.Soasthepublicconversationaroundautonomouscarspaysattentiontothesafetyadvantages,don'tforgetthetechindustry'spowerfuldesireformoreprofits,whichgoeswellbeyondsimplysavingusfromourselves.1、WhoareresponsibleformosttrafficaccidentsinAmerica?A．Carcompanies. B．Drivers.C．Techcompanies. D．Self-drivingcars.2、WhatpushesSiliconValleytopromoteself-drivingtechnologies?A．Tomakemoremoney.B．Toreducetrafficaccidents.C．Tolimittheuseofdigitaldevices.D．Tosupportcarcompanies.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anewblockoftime”possiblyreferto？A．Theworkingtime.B．People'ssparetime.C．Thetimespentinthecar.D．Thetimespentonmobiledevices.4、Whatcanweknowfromthepassage？A．Weshouldteachpeopletostrictlyobeytrafficrules.B．Thewritercallsonustolookatautonomouscarswisely.C．Carcompaniesaretheleadingpromotersofself-drivingcars.D．Nosolutiontotheconflictbetweenmobilephoneuseanddrivinghasbeenfoundyet.Text2Generallyspeaking,peoplelikethosewhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.Sometimesatouchofhumormightwellenableustowin.Considerthecaseofayoungfriendofmine,whohitatrafficjamonhiswaytoworkshortlyafterreceivinganultimatum(最后通牒)aboutbeinglateonthejob.AlthoughtherewasagoodreasonforBrian’sbeinglate—seriousillnessathome—hedecidedthatthisby-now-familiarexcusewouldn’tworkanylonger.Hisbosswasprobablyalreadypacingupanddownpreparingadismissalspeech.Yes,thebosswas,asBrianenteredtheofficeat9:35.Theplacewasasquietasalockerroom(更衣室):everyonewashardatwork.Brian’sbosscameuptohim.Suddenly,Brianforcedasmileandstretchedouthishand.“Howdoyoudo!”hesaid.“I’mBrian.I’mapplyingforajob,which,Iunderstand,becameavailablejust35minutesago.Doesn’ttheearlybirdgettheworm?”Theroomexplodedinlaughter.Thebossclampedoffasmileandwalkedbacktohisoffice.Brianhadsavedhisjob,withtheonlytoolthatcouldwin—alaugh.Humorisamosteffective,yetfrequentlyneglectedmeansofhandlingthedifficultsituationsinourlives.Itcanbeusedforpatchingupdifferences,apologizing,saying“no”,criticizing,gettingtheotherfellowtodowhatyouwantwithouthislosingface.Forsomejobs,it’stheonlytoolthatcansucceed.Itisawaytodiscusssubjectssosensitivethatseriousdialogmaystartaquarrel.Forexample,manybelievethatcomediansontelevisionaredoingmoretodayforracialandreligioustolerance(忍受力)thanpeopleinanyotherforum.1、Brianwaslateforhisjobbecause________.A．hegotuplate B．hewasseriouslyillC．hewascaughtinatrafficjam D．hewasbusyapplyingforanewjob2、Whatcanweinferabouthumor?A．Itistheearlybird.B．Itisimportantinourlives.C．Brianoftensavedhisjobwithhumor.D．Itcansolveracialdiscriminations.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“clampedoff”inParagraph3referto?A．charge B．triedtosetC．gaveup D．triedtoholdback4、Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Manypeoplelackinasenseofhumor.B．Brianwassupposedtoarriveathisofficeat8:30.C．Itwasn’tthefirsttimethatBriancamelateforwork.D．Humoristhemostinterestingwayofsolvingproblems.Text3Thealarmsounds.Studentsswingtheirbackpackovertheirshoulder,boardtheschoolbus,maketheirwaytotheirhomeroomandthebellrings—schoolisback.ButformorehomesinAmerica,schoollooksmorelikestudentswakingup,makingtheirwaytothediningroomorhomeoffice,settinguplaptopsandlearninginthecomfortofhome.Virtual(虚拟的)schooling,describedas“apublicschoolthatoffersonlyinstructioninwhichstudentsandteachersareseparatedbytimeand/orplace,andinteractionoccursviacomputersand/ortelecommunications(电信)technologies”,hasincreasedoverthepastdecade.AccordingtotheNationalEducationPolicyCenter,enrollments(注册人数)invirtualschoolswas278,518betweenthe2015—2016schoolyearandthe2016—2017schoolyearincreasedby17,000.ForArizonaVirtualAcademy,afull-timeonlinepublicK-12school,theyuseK12Inc.curriculums.K12Inc.servesstudentsinall50statesandmorethan100countrieswithdigitallearningplatformsandtechnology,providingonlineeducation.“Wealwaysareimprovingourplatformsandthetechnologythatweusetomakesurethatwe’rekeepingupwiththechangingtrends,notonlywitheducationbutalsowithtechnology,”Dr.KellyVanSandesaid.Anotherpieceofnewtechnologythey’verolledoutisanewappwhereparentscanfindvirtualschoolsavailableintheirarea.CarrieFaulknerchosetoenrolltwoofherchildreninArizonaVirtualAcademy.Shesaysthey’vedoneschoolingonlineinChicago,inCalifornia,atrestaurantsandonhercousin’sfloorinKansas.“Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhe(herson)isonthecouch,inhisbedoratthekitchentable,hecandoschoolingwhereverhewantsto,”Faulknersaid.“IwishtheyhaditformebackwhenIwasinschool.Thatwouldhavebeenawesome.”1、Whydoestheauthorcomparethetwokindsofschoolinginthefirstparagraph?A．Toattackrealschooling.B．Togiveanexampleofvirtualschooling.C．Tointroducethetopic“virtualschooling”.D．Todescribevividlystudents’goingtoschool.2、Howmanystudentsattendedvirtualschoolsduringthe2016—2017schoolyear?A．295,518 B．17,000. C．278,518. D．147,759.3、WhatcanweinferaboutArizonaVirtualAcademy?A．Theyprovidebothonlineandofflineeducation.B．They’reintendedforstudentsintheUnitedStates.C．Theirnewappletspeoplefindschoolsworldwide.D．Theirplatformsandtechnologyareveryadvanced.4、WhatisCarrieFaulkner’sattitudetovirtualschooling?A．Ambiguous. B．Cautious C．Supportive. D．Disapproving.Text4Fei-FeiLiarrivedintheU.S.fromChinaatage16withmanybigdreams.Andittookmanyunusualjobstohelpherachievethem.Luckily,shewassmartandextremelydriven.Andtoday,she’sthedirectorofStanfordUniversity’sartificialintelligencelab.“AsoneoftheleadersintheworldforA．L.,Ifeelmuchexcitementandresponsibilitytocreatethemostawesomeandexcellenttechnologyforsocietyandtoeducatethemostawesomeandexcellenttechnologists—that’smycalling.”Lisaid.Sheisalsoaloyaladvocatefordiversityinthetechindustry.“IseeextremelytalentedStanfordPhDstudentsstrugglingwiththeirvisasandIfinditunthinkablethatwecreatesomanybarriersforthetalentsoftheworld”,Lisaid.WhileLiwasincollegeatPrinceton,sheborrowedmoneyfromfriendsandevenherhighschoolmathteachertorunadry-cleaningbusinessforherparentsinordertohelpthemgetby.Liattendedclassesduringtheweekandworkedatthebusinessontheweekends.Then,whenLiwasingraduateschool,hermomdevelopedcancerandhadastroke(中风).“Itwasdifficulttokeepmovingaheadwhileallofthiswashappening.Therealexistentialchallengeistoliveuptoyourfullestpotential,liveuptoyoursenseofresponsibilityandtobehonesttoyourselfaboutyourdreamswhiledoingit,”shesaid.LiwasnamedaGreatImmigrantof2016bytheCarnegieCorporation,thenation’soldestgrantmakingfoundationwhichhonorsroughly40naturalizedU.S.citizenseachyear.HergraduatestudiesweresupportedbythePaul&DaisySorosFellowshipsforNewAmericans.1、WhatdoweknowaboutFei-FeiLiaccordingtoParagraph1?A．ShewasbornintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.B．Shehasmademanyofherdreamscometrue.C．Sheworkedveryhardbecauseshe’snotgifted.D．She’snowdoingresearchesonAIinChina.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“calling”inParagraph2referto?A．Interestintechnology.B．Desiretohelp.C．Creativityinscience.D．Senseofduty.3、WhatwasFei-FeiLi’slifelikebeforeshegraduatedfromuniversity?A．Shehadbeenstrugglingwithhervisa.B．Bothherparentssufferedfromillness.C．Herfamilywasfacedwithatightbudget.D．Itwasdifficultforhertoattendclasses.4、Fei-FeiLihasachievedsuccessbecause________.A．herawarenessofherdutyandgoalsmadeadifferenceB．anAmericanfoundationgavehersupportC．theCarnegieCorporationnamedheraGreatImmigrantD．shewasluckyenoughtoborrowmoneyfromothersPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)TheChinesePeople'sLiberationArmyNavyturned70onApril23,1．Itisatimeforreflectingonitsbeginningandhowoverthepastsevendecadesithasovercomesomanydifficultiestogrow2．amodemnavalforceAsamajorPacificcountry3．hasmorethan18,000kilometersofcoastline,ChinaneedsapowerfulnavalforcethatcantimelyrespondtochallengesandrisksThePLANavyisincreasinglybeinglookeduponasanessentialforce4．(defend)thecountry'sinterestsandprotectitsnationals'personalsafetyand5．(possession)overseasThus,thecallsforChinatobuildablue-seanavyhavebecomestronger,6．thePLANavyhasapparentlyaccelerateditsmodernizationstepstryingtoincreaseitsbattleabilitiesandreadinessNottomentionthatthenavyalsohasthedutytomore7．(effective)respondtochallengestothecountrymaritime(海上的)interestsandterritorialintegrity(领土完整)However,aspartofChina'sdefenseforces,thePLANavyisaforcefor8．(peace)purposes,ThePLANavyhasalsoactivelyparticipatedininternationalhumanitarianmissions(使命)and9．(conduct)variousexchangeswithnavalforcesfromothercountriestobuildunderstandingand10．(strength)trustSowehavereasontobelievethatthePLANavy11．(contribute)bettertoworldpeaceanddevelopmentOvertheyearsIhavebeenteachingkidsaboutasimplebutpowerfulconcepttheantphilosophy(哲学),an1．(amaze)four_partPhilosophyFirst,antsneverquitIftheyareheadingsomewhereandyoutrytostopthem,theywillclimboverTheywillclimbunderorclimbaroundTheyneverquit2．(look)forawaytogetwherethey3．(suppose)togo!Second,antsthinkaboutwinterandsummerTheyarealwaysgatheringtheirwinterfoodinthemiddleofsummerandtheyaremaking4．(prepare)forthelongcoldwinterSoyouhavetothinkaboutstormsinsummerandthinkaboutrocks5．youenjoythesandandsunThird,antsthinkaboutsummerallwinterDuringthewinter,theyremind6．(they),”Thiswon’tlastlongandwewillsoonbeoutofhere”On7．firstwarmday,theantsareoutIfit8．(turn)coldagain,theywilldivebackdownButtheycomeoutagainifitiswarmLast,howmuchwillanantgatherduringthesummertoprepareforthewinter?Allthatit9．(possible)can10．youcanlearnfromtheantphilosophyis:Nevergiveup,lookahead,staypositiveanddoallyoucan!SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)CharismaAreleadersbornormade?Manyleadersthroughouthistory—suchasGandhi,Churchill,Napoleon,andMartinLutherKing—seemtohaveaspecialqualitythatmadethempowerfulandpersuasive.Wecanidentifythatqualityascharisma,butcanweexplainit?Charismameansanaturalabilitytoattractotherpeopleandmakethemadmireyou.Itisacomplexmixtureofsocialandemotional(情感的)skills.1、RichardWiseman,afamouspsychologist,pointsoutthattherearethreekeyqualitiesofacharismaticperson:Theyfeeltheirownemotionsstrongly;theyinspirestrongemotionsinotherpeople;andtheyareunaffectedbytheinfluencesofothercharismaticpeople.Youneedn’tworryifyoudon’thavethesequalities.2、Wisemansaysthatwhenyoucomeuponsomeonewhoischarismatic,youcancopyhisorherbodylanguageandfacialexpressionswithoutrealizingit.Thisiscalledmirroring,anditworkspartlybecausepeople’sbehaviorinfluencestheiremotions.3、Heproveshispointbygivingtheexampleofsmilingbackatsomeonewhosmiledatyou.Yoursmilingbacksuggeststhatyouacceptthegoodwillfromtheotherpersonandhopetogiveitbacktohim.4、Forexample,ifyoustandupstraightandraiseyourchest,youaremorelikelytofeelconfidentandinspireotherstofeelconfidenceinyou.Anotherexpertsaysthatthemostcharismaticpeopleareusuallygoodlisteners.Theygiveotherstheimpressionofbeingfocusedandmodest.Charismaplaysalargepartinsuccessbecauseitislinkedtoself-confidence.5、Onesuccessfulleadershipcoachpointsoutthatyouneedtocomebyyourskillsandtechniquesnaturally,shewarns—ifthepersonalityyouprojectisnotreal,youmaycomeacrossasinsincere.A．Thistypeofphysicalpresencecanbeusedtogreateffect.B．Todaythereisgrowingevidencethatcharismacanbelearned.C．Charismaticpersonsshouldbeactiveandsensitivetotheirsurroundings.D．Itneedstoberecognizedthatcharismaismorethanjustbeingoptimistic.E.Ithelpstomakestrongpersonalconnectionsandcommunicateeffectivelywithothers.F.Butitisworthnotingthatcharismacan’tbeapretendedabilityalthoughitcanbelearned.G.Headdsyou’reunawareofpickingupothers’gestures,butyouknowitmakesyoufeelgood.StepsforaSuccessfulCollegeApplicationWhenitcomestogettingintothecollegeofyourchoice,yourcollegeapplicationisthemostimportanttoolyouhaveinyourhands.1、,whileabadonecanlandyouatthebottom.Keepthefollowingtipsinmindwhenyouaregoingthroughthecollegeappl