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考研《英语一》阿克塞哈萨克族自治县2023年考前冲刺试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Weareallreasonablebeingsanditisveryhumantodounreasonablethingsattimes.ThefollowingstorytellsyouwhatI1.Atlunchtime,Jimmy,Patrick,Devon,andIbeganourregular2ofourlunches.Iglancedacrossthebusycafeteriaandsawthe3student,Joel.Hewasholdinghisplateandwaitinginlines.Patricknoticedhimtoo.“Why’sthenewkid4liketheheadmaster?”heasked.DevonandJimmylaughed.“Joel’scool,andhisclothesarealwaysneatandclean.He’sinmyEnglishandhistoryclasses,”Isaid.However,Ikeptthe5thatJoelandIhadbecomefriendswhenweworkedonaprojecttogether.Wediscoveredthatwewerebothenthusiasticreaders---somethingIwouldneveradmittoPatrick,Jimmy,andDevon.IwasthatJoelwaswalkingtowardus.“Don’tdoit,”Ithought,but6secondshewasatourtable.Myfriendsraisedtheireyebrows.Jimmy,DevonandPatrick7theirbackpacksonthetableandchairssothattherewasno8leftforanotherpersontositdown.Patricksaid,“Idon’tthinkwehaveroom.”Thisawkwardsituation9theair.Icould10Joellookingatme,butIstaredatmylunch11itcontainedpreciouspearlsofwisdominsteadofriceandbeans.Afteralong,12pause,Joelleft.I13havespokenupforhim,butIcouldn’twalkawayfrommythreefriends,couldI?Joeldidn’tspeaktomeafterthat14.Hewassoonhangingaroundwithanothergroupofkids.Afewmonthslater,IsawanannouncementaboutJoelbeingchosentobepresidentoftheclassbookclub.Iwas15forJoel’sachievements,butIrealizedIhadmadeabigmistakewhenIsaid16atthelunchtablethatday.whywasIsoafraidthatmyfriendsmight17thatIliketoread?AsIstaredattheannouncement,IknewIneededto18toJoel—evenifhedidnotwanttobecomemyfriendagain.Iwascertainthatmythreefriendswouldnotagree.IwasalsocertainthatI19losingthemaswell.20,IknewthatIwouldlosemyselfifIdidnothing.Asthedismissalbellrang,Igatheredupmybooks,tookadeepbreath,andwenttofindJoel.1、A.regretB.valueC.loseD.admire2、A.routineB.processC.stepD.course3、A.luckyB.goodC.newD.top4、A.behavedB.treatedC.laughedD.dressed5、A.wordsB.ideasC.promiseD.truth6、A.onB.inC.atD.by7、A.layB.threwC.foldedD.piled8、A.spaceB.foodC.timeD.book9、A.roundedB.coveredC.filledD.froze10、A.tasteB.smellC.hearD.feel11、A.evenifB.asifC.incaseD.nowthat12、A.toughB.painfulC.uncomfortableD.frightening13、A.needB.shouldC.wouldD.must14、A.greetingB.changeC.meetingD.lesson15、A.happyB.sorryC.thankfulD.anxious16、A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing17、A.holdoutB.findoutC.turnoutD.giveout18、A.adaptB.apologizeC.smileD.refer19、A.riskedB.permittedC.triedD.suggested20、A.ThereforeB.MeanwhileC.HoweverD.BesidesSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1In2016,ateamofJapanesescientistsfoundbacteriacapableofbreakingdownand“eating”oneoftheworld’smostpopularplastics-polyethyleneterephthalate(PET).Itwasvaluedasapotentialbreakthroughatthetime.ButanewdiscoverycameasateamofBritishscientistsexaminedanenzyme(酶)producedbytheJapanesebacteriatofindoutmoreaboutitsstructure.Whileoperatingthestructuretobetterunderstandhowitworked,theyaccidentallycreatedthechangedenzymethat’sevenmoreefficientatbreakingdownplasticbottles.Theresearchersarenowworkingtofurtherimprovetheenzymesoitcanbeusedonanindustrialscale.It’spossiblethatwithinthenextfewyearstherecouldbeanindustriallypossibleprocessforturningPETintoothersubstancessoitcanberecycled.Theabilitytoscaleuptheprocesswillbeimportant.Plasticpollutionisfastbecomingoneofthebiggestenvironmentalissuesofourtime.Morethan1millionplasticbottlesareboughtaroundtheworldeveryminute.MostofthesebottlesaremadefromPET,whichcantakeupto00yearstobiodegrade(生物降解),andmanyareleftintheoceans.OverhalfofglobalPETwasteisnotcollectedforrecyclingandonly7percentofbottlesarerecycledintonewbottles.Somescientistssaythebreakthrough,thoughpromising,isnowherenearenoughtosolveourpollutioncrisis.Theseenzymesarenotabundantlypresentinnature.Soyouwouldneedtoproducetheenzymefirst,thenaddittothePETplastictodegradeit.”Thisislikelytobeaslowprocess.IfyouhavegonethroughthetroubleofcollectingthePETwaste,thenthereareclearlyfarbetterwaystorecycleitorburnitforenergy,”saidWim,headoftheIndustrialBiotechnologyCenter.Hesuggestedtheuseofcommerciallyavailablebiodegradablebioplasticswouldstillbeabetterbet.1、WhatunexpecteddiscoverydidtheBritishscientistsmake?A.Aneffectivewaytodealwithplasticwaste.B.ApotentialsolutionincollectingPETwaste.C.Thewaytounderstandthestructureofenzymebetter.D.TherealvalueofthediscoverybyJapanesescientists.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“theprocess”inParagraph3actuallyreferto?A.Theprocesstofindtheenzyme.B.Theprocesstomakemoreplastics.C.TheprocesstoreducethePETwaste.D.TheprocesstoproducekindofnewPET.3、WhatistheproblemaboutrecyclingthePETwaste?A.Largequantitiesofplasticbottlesareused.B.OceanplasticwasteishardertobiodegradeC.MostofthePETwasteisleftwithouttreatment.D.MostoftheplasticproductsaremadefromPET.4、Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?A.Theenzymedoesnotexistinnature.B.Theenzymehashelpedtosolvetheplasticproblems.C.Burningplasticwasteforenergyisnowthebestwaytoridit.D.WehavealongwaytogotousetheenzymetorecyclePETwaste.Text2Babieshaveanastonishingtalentthatadultsentirelylose.Bytheageofone,theycanrecognisethesignificantnoisesaroundthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.Whenwehavelostthiscapacityasadults,itbecomesenormouslydifficulttodistinguishbetweensoundsthatareglaringlydifferenttoanativespeaker.ItallsoundsGreektous.Thisisbecausetherangeofpossiblesoundsthathumansusetoconveymeaningmaybeashighas2,000,butfewlanguagesusemorethan100andeventhenthesignificantnoises-thephonemes(音素)ofalanguage-eachcoverarangeofsoundsandsovaguedistinctionswhichwouldchangethemeaningofawordinotherlanguages.Butwheredothesephonemescomefromandwhydotheyshiftovertime?Newresearchsuggeststhattheapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.Thisisunexpected.We’dratherthinkoflanguageasproductofourthought,ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.Inreality,though,anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.Huntergathererlanguagesveryseldomusethesoundsknownaslabiodentals(唇齿音)-thosesuchasfandv-thataremadebytouchingthelowerlipwiththeupperteeth.OnlytwoofthehundredsofAustralianaboriginallanguagesusethem,forexample.Butinculturesthathavediscoveredfarming,theseconsonants(辅音)aremuchmorecommon.Theargumentgoesthatfarmerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.Eitherway,theyneedtochewmushless,andtobitelesswiththeirfrontteeth.Sofarmersgrewupwithsmallerlowerjawsandmoreofanoverbitethantheirancestorswhohadtobitethroughharderfoods.Itbecameeasierforthemtomakethelabiodentalconsonantsinsteadofpurelylabial(唇音)ones:oneexampleisthatfcometotaketheplaceofp.Romanssaid“pater”butEnglishspeakers(unlessthey’reRees-Moggs)say“father”.Beyondtheseparticularchanges,thestoryhighlightsthewayinwhicheverythingdistinctivelyhumanisbothmaterialandspiritual:speechmustcombinesoundandmeaning,andthemeaningcan’texistorbetransmittedwithoutarealobject.Butneithercanitbereducedtothepurelyphysical,asourinabilitytounderstandoreventorecogniseforeignlanguagesmakesclear.Thefoodweeatshapesourjaws,andourjawsinturnshapethesoundsofourlanguage.Theeasewithwhichweeatprobablyshapesourthoughttoo,asanyonewhohassufferedtoothachecouldtestify.Whatweeatmayhaveshapedthesoundsofourlanguage,buthowweeatchangeshowwefeelandwhatweuselanguagetoexpress.Afamilymealisverydifferentfromasandwichattheofficedesk,evenifthecalorieisthesame.FoodhaspurposesandmeaningsfarbeyondkeepingusaliveandpleasingthePalate(味觉).1、Comparedwithadults,babiescouldmoreeasily.A.createsignificantnoises B.classifytheformsofnoisesC.understandtheGreeklanguage D.distinguishmeaningfulsounds2、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingfactorshelpshapelanguage?A.Lipsandteeth. B.Jobsandhabits.C.Ageandregions. D.Foodandthinking.3、Thereasonforfarmers'makingsoundsof“f”and“v”is.A.enjoyingmorecookedfoods B.bitingmorewithfrontteethC.constantlychewingharderfoods D.growingupwithlagerlowerjaws4、Bywritingthispassage,theauthorintendstoreveal.A.jawshelpshapeourthoughtB.fooddeterminesourthoughtC.diethassomeinfluenceonlanguageD.languageconsistsofsoundandmeaningText3ParkingInformationThereisamixofpaidandfreeparkingonGranvilleIsland.Belowyouwillfindallrelevantinformationtoparkingandtrafficmanagement.FREEPARKINGSTALLS(停车位)FreeparkingthroughoutGranvilleIslandforallmotorizedvehiclesisintendedforvisitorsonly.Freeparkingstallsareavailableandvehiclesarelimitedtooccupyonestall,onceperday,andwithinthemaximumpostedtimelimit.Whenthepostedtimelimitisreachedyoumoveyourvehicle,orshouldyourequireadditionalparkingduringthesameday,yourvehiclemustbeparkedinapayparkingstall.FreeParkingrestrictionsarestrictlyenforcedfrom7amto7pm,7daysaweek.Onceyourvehicleisparked,youarenotpermittedtomovetoanotherfreestallonGranvilleIslandatanyothertimethroughouttheday.Youmaymovetoanyofthepaystalls.PAIDPARKINGSTALLSPayparkingrestrictionsarestrictlyenforcedfrom7amto7pm,7daysaweek.DailyParkingTheDailyPassisvalidfor24hoursfromthetimeofpurchase.ThepassisVOID(无效)ifnotplacedfaceupwiththedateandtimevisible.ThepassisVOIDifnotparkedinapayparkinglot.WeeklyParkingTheWeeklyPassisvalidfor7daysfromthetimeofpurchase.ThepassisVOIDifnotplacedfaceupwiththedateandtimevisible.ThepassisVOIDifnotparkedinapayparkinglot.MonthlyParkingMonthlyparkingislimitedandavailableonafirstcomefirstservebasisandsoldstartingonthetwenty-sixth(26)ofeverymonth.MonthlyParkingPassesareavailableattheGranvilleIslandAdministrationOfficefrom8:30am-5:00pm.Amonthlyparkingpassallowsavehicletobeparkedinanappointedparkingstallonlywhenitisclearlydisplayed.Lostmonthlypassescannotbereplaced.1、VisitorstoGranvilleIslandcan.A.parktheircarsforfreeaslongastheywishB.movetheircarstodifferentfreestallsC.paytheparkingwhenthetimelimitisreachedD.usethesamefreestallformanytimes2、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothenotice?A.paidparkingpassisvalidonlywhenitisclearlydisplayed.B.CarswiththeDailyParkingPasscanbeparkedinafreestall.C.OnecanbuytheMonthlyParkingPassonanydayofthemonth.D.OnecanapplyforanewMonthlyParkingPassifitislost.Text4Humansandgorillassharedevolutionfor23millionyears.Theirpathsseparatedonlysixmillionyearsago.Researchonhowgorillascommunicatecanhelpusunderstandhumanlanguagedevelopment.Understandinghowthebrainworkshelpsusseeaconnectionbetweenlanguagedevelopmentandnon-verbalsigns.Thesesignsormovementsincludethingslikethewaywemoveourhandsorbodiesorthedifferentexpressionsourfaceshaveindifferentsocialsituations.Anewstudyongorillasshowedthattherightsideofthebodyiscontrolledbytheleftpartofthebrainanditisalsothelocationforlanguagedevelopment.Twocameraswereusedtofilmallofoneape’smovements.Oneofthefirstresultswasthatgorillasusetheirrighthandsmorewhentheyaredoingactionswiththeirheadsormouthsatthesametime.Thisshowsthatthereisaconnectionbetweenhowourbrainworksandthereasonweuseonesideofourbodymorethantheother.Inaddition,wecanusetheresultsofthestudyandourknowledgeaboutbrainstohelpusunderstandmoreabouthowlanguagefirstdevelopedinhumans.DrForrester,whodidthestudy,saystheresultscanbeusefulinotherways,suchasunderstandinglanguagedevelopmentinchildren.Forexample,somechildrenhaveseriousillnesscalled“autism”whichcanstopthemcommunicatingnormallywithpeople.Itmightbepossibletousethesamestudymethodtofindoutwhichchildrenhavethisillnesswhentheyareveryyoung.Doctorswillthenbeabletostarttreatmentearly.1、Whichofthefollowingmayhaveaconnectionwithright-handedness?A.Communication. B.Intelligence.C.Socialposition. D.Socialsuccess.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”referto?A.Therightsideofthebody. B.Themouth.C.Theleftpartofthebrain. D.Thefrontpartofthehead.3、Whomightbenefitmostfromtheresultsofthestudy?A.Photographersofgorillas. B.Zookeepers.C.Researchersonmovement. D.Childrenwithillness.4、Wecaninferfromthetextthatgorillas___________.A.prefertousetherighthandinsteadofthelefthandB.haveacomplexformofnon-verbalcommunicationC.helpusbetterdevelopourlanguageabilitiesD.sharethesamebodylanguagewithhumansPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Longago,peoplebelievedthatinthefuturewewouldworkless,havemorefreetimeandgetmorerelaxed.But1.(luck),thishasnothappenedyet.Todayweworkharder,worklongerhoursandhavemorestressesthantenyearsago.2.weusemachinesthatsaveustime,westillhavelessfreetimethanourparentsandgrandparents.Butwhatisthisdoingtoour
health?AnAmericanjournalistsaysthatpeoplearesuffering
from“hurry3.(sick)”-we’retryingtodomorethingsinlesstime.4.aresult,ourlivesarestressful.Hesaysthat5.weslowdown,wewon’tliveas
long
asourparents.Formostpeople,fasterdoesn’tmeanbetterIntheUSA,thereisabookcalled“One-MinuteBedtimeStoriesforchildren”.Theseareshorterversionsoftraditionalstories,specially6.(write)for“busyparents”
whowanttosavetime!Someanswerphonesnowhave“quick
playback”buttonssothatwecanreplaypeople’smessagesfaster—wecan’twastetime7.(listen)topeoplespeaking8.thenormalspeed!The
only
thing9.isslowerthanbeforeisthewaywedrive.Ourcarsarefasterbutthetrafficisworse,sowedrivemoreslowly.Wespendmoretimesittinginourcars,feeling10.(stress)Expertspredictthatintenyearstheaveragespeedontheroadin
cities
willbe
only
17km/h.DoyourememberthevideooftheyoungEnglishman,GregFountain,1.(take)atrainthroughtimeinChina?Afterthevideowentviral(迅速走红),beingviewedbymillions,he2.(inspire)tocontinuehisChinese3.(adventure)journeys—fromthepast,throughthepresent,tothefutureHeknowsChinesepeople,likeBritons,favorteaoveranyotherdrinkAndheshowed4.(great)curiosityaboutwhereandhowChinesepeopledrinktheirteathanbeforeHereadmanystoriesaboutChineseteatomakethevideoHestudiedthelegendaryoriginsofteaandteaculture,andthechangestherehavebeeninrecent5.(decade)In6.1980s,FountaintravelledthroughtimeonceagaintoglancehowteadrinkinghadchangedinChinaHestillstrugglestodistinguishthemanydifferentkindsofChinesetea,7.haslearnedmuchmoreaboutthecountry’shistoryuptonowChinesepeoplestilllovetheoldwaysofdrinkingteaandthinkofthem8.partoftheirheritage(传承),despitetheriseofcoffeeshopswhichnowthriveinChinaFountainsaidthatduetorationing(食品定量)9.(bring)onbytheFirstWorldWar,manypeopleintheUKwerepreventedfromenjoyingtheirafternoontea10.isonlyinapeacefulandstablesocietythattraditioncansurviveanddevelopSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中,选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。Isthecustomeralwaysright?1、Shoppingisverymuchapartofacountry’sculture,andattitudestoshoppingandconsumersvaryfromcountrytocountryjustasmuchasclimateortasteinfood.RecenteconomichardshiphasgiventheconsumersincreasedpowerinEuropebecauseshopkeepersfighttowintheirshareofreduceddisposable(可支配的)income.Thishasmeantfailingprices,plentyofspecialoffersandare-examinationofwhatcustomerservicereallymeans.2、InrestaurantsinthesouthoftheUSA,forexample,waiterscompliment(恭维)youonyourclothes,askaboutyourday,complimentyouonyourwisdomofyourorderandthenreturneverytenminutestorefillyourglassandmakesurethateverythingistoyoursatisfaction.Anyonewhohaswaited30minutestobeservedinarestaurantmaypossiblydreamofsuchcustomerservice.3、Asafact,differentnationalitiesexpectdifferenttypesofservice.Asafriendofmineoncetoldme,"BytheendofeveningIhadspentasmuchtimetalkingtothewaiterastomywife."AChinese-AmericanfriendlovestellingpeopleabouthowherChinesemothershopsforclothes.Firstofallshewaitsuntiltheyareonsale.4、Andlatershefindssomesmallfaultwiththeproductanddemandsafurtherreduction.Sheneverbuysanythingattheregularprice.Couldyouimaginetryingsuchwaysindepartmentstoresinothercountries?Attitudestoserviceare,ofcourse,affectedbyemployers’attitudestotheirworkers.AsAmericanwaitersheavilydependontips,theyhavetoprovidemoreservice.Butisthisfair?5、Itmightnotbeacaseof“Isthecustomeralwaysright?”butacaseof“Howmuchserviceisitfairtoexpect?”A.PeopleoftenpointtoAmericaasanexampleofgoodcustomerservice.B.Itisaquestionofexpectations.C.DowethinkitisfairtoaskshopassistantstoworklateeveningsoronSundays?D.Thensheasksforadiscountuntilshegetsanevenbetterprice.E.Theanswer,itseems,dependsonwhichcountryyouarein.F.Thewayweshopshowsthewaywegetalongwithotherpeople.G.However,doEuropeansreallywantUSstyleserviceAnxietyandnervoustensionareapartoflivingintoday’sfast-paced,high-stresssociety.Stresscausedbynervescanleadtoheartdisease,highbloodpressure,depressionandstroke.Whiletherearenumerouschemicalsubstancesonthemarketmeanttodecreaseanxietythatmightrequireadoctor’sprescription,manypeoplechoosemorenaturaltherapies(疗法)tohelpcalmverves.MassageMassagehasbeenfoundtohelprelieveanxietyduetothereleaseoftensioninthemusclesandpainrelief.Accordingtothemayoclinic.com,massagemayinducethebodytoreleaseserotonin,whichisanaturalpainkillerandcanincreasefeelingsofwellness.1、Getamassagewhenyouarefeelingphysicallyormentallystressedinordertorelaxmusclesandreleasetension.YogaYoga
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