第10讲- 非谓语动词 2022年初高中英语无缝衔接讲义20讲+精练（原卷版）

优点英语非谓语动词1、定义：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词，过去分词只有一种形式）。★非谓语动词的否定式都是在其前直接加not。2、非谓语动词的各种时态形式：单谓语或动词短语：Heworks.Hetakescareofthebaby.情态动词/助动词+v.：HewillgotoShanghai.Hedidn’tgotoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.系动词+表语：Youarestudents.Youlooksmart.3、非谓语动词使用的条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（即有谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。如：Shehadwaterdeliveredtoherhouse.Wenoticedhimenterthebuilding.4、非谓语动词的形式：1）todo不定式2）V-ing：①作为一个名词使用，称为动名词；②作为一个形容词或副词使用，称为现在分词；V-ed过去分词一、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语1.不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论性状语。(1)不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。如:ShewassurprisedtoseeJimwalkin.看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。(2)不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性在不定式前可以加上inordersoas。如:Tosucceed,onemustfirstofallbelieveinhimself·Inordertokeepwarmweshutallthewindows.(3)不定式表结果，常用在too…to;enough….to结构中。有时不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的结果。如:Thechildisoldenoughtodresshimself.Wehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.Thehusbandlefthiswifenevertoreturn.(4)有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。如:Ihaveneverseensuchaperson,totellyouthetruthTocutalongstoryshortwedisagree.长话短说，我们不同意。2现做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方式、目的以及作评论性状语等。(1)现在分词的一般式作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。现在分词的完成式作时间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。如:Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedforjoy.Havingfinishedhisspeech,heansweredourquestions.(2)作原因状语。如:Livingfarfromtheschool,Ihavetogetupearlyinthemorning.(3)作结果状语，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果。如:Thefirelastedawholenightcausinggreatdamage.(4)作伴随或方式状语，表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一动作。如.FollowingTom,westartedtoclimb.Shecameridingabrand-newbike.现在分词作目的状语往往具有伴随性，多放于句尾，且与主句间用逗号隔开。如:Janekeptsilenttryingnottoshowherfeelings.(6)作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有:Generallyspeaking一般说来 strictlyspeaking严格说来 roughlyspeaking大致说来 narrowlyspeaking狭义上说 judgingfrom/by由.判断JudgingfromheraccentshemustcomefromAustralia.3.过去分词在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等状语。(1)过去分词作时间状语可置于句首，也可以置于句尾，有时还可以置于主语和谓语之间。如:Askedabouthisaddress,theboydidn’trespond.Seenfromthehillthecitylooksmagnificent.(2)作原因状语，常置于句首。如:InfectedwiththeH1N1thelittleboywasseparatedfromtheotherchildren(3)作条件状语。如:United,westand;divided,wefall合则立，分则败。(4)作伴随或方式状语。如:Thepopstarhurrieduptohercar,followedbyherfans.二、不定式与动名词做宾语:1.下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语:want,wishhope，expect，ask，afford,agree,choose,pretend,decide,happen,learnoffer,refuse，fail，plan，prepare,order,manage,promise,intend等。如:Heagreedtogetsomeonetohelpus.Theypromisednottobreaktheschoolrulesagain有以下口诀和顺口溜供参考使用:决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事,迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事想要干:want，wish，hope，expect，seek，attempt，aim，desire,swear,claim,wouldlike/love早打算:plan，intend，prepare，mean，arrange同意否:agree，promise，undertake，offer，choose，refuse，afford问问看:ask(asktodo要求做)，beg决定了:decide，determine，bedetermined,makeupone’smind尽力干:try，manage(反义词fail)，attempt，struggle，strive不愿等:beunwilling，(cant)wait别装蒜:pretend*说明:口诀内的动词后跟不定式，几乎都有将来意味。2在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语:admit,advise,allow,avoid,bear,cannothelp,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,giveup,imagineinclude,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand,insiston,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,be/get/becomeusedto,beequalto,devote…to,getdownto,lookforwardto,objectto,stickto.taketo,seeto,leadto,payattentionto等。考虑建议盼望原谅consider，suggest/advise，lookforwardto，excuse/pardon承认推迟去设想admit，delay/putoff/postpone,fancy避免错过继续练avoid，miss，keep/keepon，practice否认完成去欣赏deny，finish，appreciate禁止想象去冒险forbid，imagine，risk不禁介意准逃亡can’thelp，mind，allow/permit，escape难以忍受始反对can’tstand，setabout，objectto想要成功坚持忙feellike，succeedin，stickto/insiston，bebusy/occupied(in)..习惯放弃有困难beused/accustomedto，giveup,havedifficulty/trouble(in)...导致专心防道歉leadto，bedevotedto，prevent/stop/keep…from,apologize(tosb.)for...喜欢花费忍不住enjoy，spend(time/money)…can’thelp介词+doing:begood/expertatdoingsth擅长做某事 beinterestedindoingsth.对做某事感兴趣 insistondoingsth.坚持做某事 thanksb.fordoingsth.谢谢某人做某事 betiredofdoingsth.厌烦做某事 beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事 putoffdoingsth.推迟做某事 stopsb.fromdoingsth阻止某人做某事 giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事 withoutdoingsth.没有做某事 thinkaboutdoingsth.考虑做某事 What/Howaboutdoing做某事怎么样? lookforwardtodoingsth(盼望) payattentiontodoingsth.(注意) beusedtodoingsth.(习惯于) preferdoingsthtodoingsth(更喜欢) devoteoneselftodoingsth(致力于) makeacontributiontodoingsth(做贡献) 注意:既可以接todo也可以接doing但区别很大的情况:口诀:一记remember二忘forget三遗憾regret四试try五图mean六停止stop，还有can’thelp和goonremember/forget (todo)要做 (doing)做过stop,goon(todo)两件事(doing)一件事 trytodo尽力做 trydoing尝试做 like/hate/lovetodo一次性 like/hate/lovedoing长期 Meantodo打算做什么，企图做什么 meandoing意味着 can'thelptodo不能帮忙做什么 can'thelpdoing情不自禁做什么 如:Theystoptosmoke.他们停下来吸烟。Imuststopsmoking.我必须戒烟了。Althoughmathsisdifficult，Iwilltrytostudyit.(trytodosth尽力做某事)Themachinecouldn’twork.Let’stryrepairingit.(trydoingsth.试着做某事)三、不定式与动名词做主语:(1)动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为;不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。如:·Climbingmountainsisgreatfun·TovisitChinaismynextgoal(2)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。如·Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。常见于以下句型中:It'suse/good/fundoing.….It'suseful/nice/uselessdoing.….四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语1表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名词可以互换。如:Myhobbyiscollecting/tocollectancientcoins.2若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。如:Mywishistofindapart-timejobthissummer.3现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征，也可以作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别:现在分词表主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情。如:Thepartywasveryexciting.Theywereveryexcitedatthenews.五、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语1不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的动作或将要发生的某一动作。如:·ThetraintoarriveisfromLondon.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.2.名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。如:awashingmachine(动名词做定语，=amachinewhichisusedforwashing)洗衣机·areadingroom(动名词做定语，=aroomwhichisusedforreading)阅览室3.现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义。单个分词或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面;分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词的后面。如:therisingsun(现在分词做定语，=thesunwhichisrising)正在升起的太阳thechangingworld(现在分词做定语，=theworldwhichischanging)变化中的世界amovingmovie感人的电影 excitedvoice激动的声音(形容词性分词作定语) Abrokencup一个破了的杯子(过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成)六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做补足语1接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀:请求命令与禁止;想要邀请期待鼓励与建议;答应告诫允许提醒和帮助;打算教导说服与强迫驱使。ask/begsb.todosth.请求某人做某事 order/commandsbtodosth.命令某人做某事 forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事 wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事 invitesb.todosth邀请某人做某事 expectsbtodosth.期待某人做某 encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事advisesbtodosth.建议某人做某事promisesb.todosth答应某人做某事warnsbtodosth告诫某人做某事allow/permitsb.todosth允许某人做某事remindsbtodosth提醒某人做某事helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事 mean/intendsbtodosth打算让某人做某事 teach/trainsbtosth教/训练某人做某事 persuadesb.todosth说服某人去做某事 forcesb.todosth.强迫某人做某事 drivesbtodosth.驱使某人做某事 2动和使役动词，如see，watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,lookat,listento，let，have，make，keep，get等后常跟不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，常表动作的整个过程。(被动语态中不能省去to)。如:Wenoticedhimenterthehouse.Thebossmadethemworktwelvehoursaday省略to的情况:①使役动词和感官动词后:一感二听三让四看feel/hear,listento/let，make，have/lookat，see，watch,noticehadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不)做……Whynot/Whydon'tyoudosth.为什么不做……?helpsb.(to)dosth.wouldratherdosth.宁愿做……wouldyoupleasedosth.②情态动词/助动词+do3.现在分词做补足语分两种情况:(1)形容词性质的现在分词作补足语。如:Ifindthebookveryinteresting我发现这本书非常有趣。(宾语补足语)Theboyisfoundveryannoying.发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌。(主语补足语)(2)动词性质的现在分词作补足语:感官动词和使役动词，如see，watch，hear，feel,notice,observe,lookat,listento,let，havemake，keep，get等后可以跟表示动作性质的现在分词作补足语，表示“正在或持续做某事”。如:Iseehimpassingbyabank我看见他正经过一家银行。(宾语补足语)Hewasseenworkinginthegarden有人看见他正在花园里干活。(主语补足语)(3)感官动词see,watch,lookatnotice,hearlistento,feel+do表示动作的完整性;+doing表示动作的进行性。4.过去分词(done)做宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质或状态，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语。(1)若是及物动词的过去分词，既表示被动，也可以表示动作已经完成(即先于谓语动词)。(2)若是不及物动词的过去分词，则只表示完成。(3)句子由主动变被动时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。Thebossfoundhisplancarriedoutsuccessfully.Theboywasfoundlostintheforest.HaveyouheardthissongsunginJapanese?(宾补)ThissongisoftenheardsungeverywhereinChina.(主补)检测训练基础过关一、用单词的适当形式完成句子1．Atthewell-knownresearchcenter,theyhaveanumberoflaboratorieswitheachroom______(equip)withcomputers.2．Canyoushowmeanyword______(begin)withtheletter“L”?3．Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially______(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademically.4．Thethiefhadhimself__________(spot)bythepolicewhenhewastryingtobreakintothehotel.5．Doyouknowthegirl___________(dress)inaredsweater?6．Wheredoyouintend________（go)thiswinter?7．Theoldteacherwas_________(钦佩)forhisdevotiontohiseducationcause.8．Before________(sign)upforonlineclasses,takeafewminutestointerviewtheschoolofyourchoice.9．Icansmellsomething_____(burn)inthekitchen.10．Wecanhearthechildren_____(laugh)intheroomatpresent.11．Thatlittleboyismeant________(be)adoctorinthefuture.12．Thefashionworldjustkeeps_____(recycle)oldideas.13．TobecomeanastronautinChina,youhavetohave1,350hoursof_____(fly)experience.14．Heisusedto_____(take)coldbathsinwinter.15．Sheapologisedtomeandadmitted_____(take)myumbrellabymistake.16．Thefamousexpertadaptedhisspeech________(suit)theinterestsofhisaudience.17．China’simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries________(recognise)itsroleininternationalaffairs.18．Peopleuseplasticintheirdailylife,__________(leave)largeamountsofwaste.19．__________（work）hardatyourlessons,youaretosucceed.20．Motherhasthelittlegirl__________（play）thepianothisafternoon．21．Theyseeaman__________(come),__________(hold)abirdcage.22．Isn’tittimethatyougetdownto_______(do)yourhomework?23．Canyouimagineher________(cook)thedinner？Alwaysremembertogeteverybitofcriticism________(sandwich)betweentwothicklayersofpraise.25．Not________(understand)thelocallanguageandhavingnofriendinthecountry,hefounditimpossibletofindajob.________(set)ourlifegoalswillguideustoabrightfuture,withoutwhichwemaywasteourlifetime.27．Thelatestresearch________(undertake)showsthatmicroblogisthemostpopularsocialnetworkingtoolamongChinesenetizens.28．Don’tletthesadnessofyourpastandthefearofyourfuture________(ruin)thehappinessofyourpresent.29．Doyouhaveanydifficulty________(express)yourselfinEnglish?30．Thehouse________(build)therenowwillbeashop.31．Hespentsometime________（squeeze）thewetcoatdry.32．Iwillattempt_________（answer）allyourquestions.33．Witheverything________(arrange)forhisfamily,hewenttothefronttoprepareforsettingupaman-madesatellite.34．Thedistrictlaunchedacampaigntofindways________(deal)withconstructiondust.Deadtreescamecrashingdownwithoutwarning—onenearlygotus,whichmadeus________（jump）.36．Whendoyouexpect________（leave）?37．________(see)alargecakeflyingthroughtheair,thedriverpulledupquickly.38．________（bite）bytheoldman'sdog,heisafraidtoapproachhishouse.39．Time,________(use)correctly,ismoneyinthebank.40．________(see)fromthetopofthehill,theschoollookslikeabiggarden.能力提升Text1（2021·新疆·疏附县第二中学高一开学考试）阅读下列材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AboutsixyearsagoIbeganmyjobasanITconsultant(顾问).

Ihadalwaysbeenquitegoodwithcomputers.Itwasagreatmoveforme,asIquicklylearnedaton.Everydaywasfun.Itwasoneofthebestandmostchallengingjobs___1___Ihadeverhad.When___2___(think)ofafewyearsahead,Irealizedthatthingsstartedtotaper(逐渐变窄).Iwasn’tlearningasmuchasbefore.Ifeltadesiretotrysomethingdifferent.ButIcouldn’tgetupthecouragetomakeanymoves.I___3___(pay)verywell;Ihadalotoffreedom,andgreatbenefits.Ihadgrowncomfortableand1hadbeen___4___(accustom)toaneasylife.Lastyearthingscametoahead(达到紧急关头).Iwashavinga___5___(particular)stressfulmonth,___6___(overload)withworkthatwasneitherchallengingnorinteresting.Ihadenough.I___7___(reach)outtomybossandlethimknowaboutmyidea.Wehadameetingaboutmypersonal___8___(decide).Hedidn’twanttoloseme.HeaddressedmyconcernsandweagreedthatIcouldchangemyjobandbeginworkingonsomenewinternal(内部的)organizationalsystems.1decidedtogivethisnewroleachance.Now,ayearaftermyrolechange,notmuchisdifferent.Seniorstaffdidnotadopt___9___

newsystemsIbuilt.Theworkisstilluninspiringandunchallenging.Changecanbeverydifficultforsomeandafterspendingtimetryingtocarryoutnewsolutions,I’verealizedthatyousimplycan’tchangeotherpeopleiftheydon’twantit.I’veagainquitmyjob.Ineedagreaterchallenge.I’velearnedalot____10____myquittingexperience.Test2（2020·江苏·启东中学高一开学考试）阅读下面材料，在空白填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Theworlditselfisbecomingmuchsmallerbyusingmoderntrafficandmoderncommunicationmeans.Lifetodayismucheasierthanit___11___hundredsofyearsago,

___12___ithasbroughtnewproblems.Oneofthe___13___(big)ispollution.Pollutioncomesinmany___14___(form).Weseeit,smellit,drinkitandevenhearit.Manhasbeenpollutingtheearth.Themorepeople,themorepollution.Manyyearsago,theproblemwasnotsoserious___15___therewerenotsomanypeople.Whentheland___16___(use)uportheriverwasdirtyinoneplace,manmovedtoanotherplace.Butthisisnolongertrue.Manisnow___17___(slow)pollutingthewholeworld.Airpollutionisstillthemostserious.It’sbadforalllivingthingsintheworld.Waterpollutionkillsourfishandpollutesourdrinkingwater.Noisepollution

___18___

(make)usangrymoreeasily.Manycountriesaremakingrules___19___

(fight)pollution.Theystoppeoplefrom____20____(burn)coalinhousesandthefactoriesinthecity,andfromputtingdirtysmokeintotheair.真题初体验（2019全国III卷）Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining___61___hardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake___62___(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack___63___dogs,seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters___64___hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand___65___(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.Forbreakfast,wewereabletoeatpapaya(木瓜)andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthebackyard.Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting___66___(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany___67___(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere___68___(huge)popularwithtourists.Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we___69___(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,____70____(listen)tomusiciansandm