牛津译林新教材（2020）必修一第三单元Extended Reading

OfFriendship

1.Abouttheauthor——FrancisBacon(1561-1626).AnEnglishRenaissancestatesmanandphilosopher,knownforhispromotionofthescientificmethodandforhisessayswhichshowhissharpworldlywisdom.Step1.Introductionoftheauthor

FrancisBacon’sworks:Essays《论说文集》TheInterpretationofNature《自然的解释》GreatInstauration《伟大的复兴》Advancementoflearning《广学论》NewAtlantis《新大西岛》2.Aboutthegenre——Anessay

Whatisanessay?WhataboutFrancisBacon’sessays?Anessayisashortpieceofwritingonaparticularsubject,writteninordertobepublished.(FromQxfaordAdvancedDictionary)Essays,abranchofprose,arebrief,non-fictioncompositionsthatdescribe,clarify,argueoranalyzeasubject.Reviewsonclassicsandtravelnotesareverycommonformsofessays.FrancisBacon’sessayswaspublishedinbookformin1597,1612and1625andthesewerethefirstworksinEnglishthatdescribedthemselvesasessays.Mostofthelinesfromhisessayshavealwaysbeenconsideredasimmortal(不朽的)quotes.Step2.PredictionWhatarethepossibleaspectstobediscussedinthepassage,basedonthetitle?ThedefinitionoffriendshipAdviceonhowtodevelopafriendshipThequalitiesofgoodfriendsThesignificanceoffriendshipStep3.Aglobalview

1.Gothroughthepassagequicklyanddrawoutthestructureofthearticle.Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.6IntroductiontothetopicDetailedexplanationofthefruitsConclusionStep4.Acloselook1.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A.weshouldalwaysescapeintoourownworld.B.Friendshipwillhelpusbecomehappierandmoresatisfied.C.Ourtruefriendswon’tofferusanyusefuladvice.D.weshouldn’tdependonourtruefriends’judgement.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNottrue?A.Friendshipwillgiveusthepeacefromhavingatruefriend.B.Wisefriendswillhelpustounderstandourselvesbetter.C.Agoodfriendwillhelpusinmanyways.D.Wecanenjoytruefriendshipbyenjoyingthecompanyofacrowd.2.Fillthegapbasedonthecontents.Part1(Para1)Sociallifeorfriendship________3__________tous.Part2(Paras2-5)Fruit1:_____1_____________*Withtruefriends,wefeelfreeto_____4____ourfeelings.*Sharingmakeshappiness__________5______anda_____6___becomehalved.Fruit2:_____2____________*Ourfriendsarebetterabletooffer______7____onourimportantdecisions.*Preparingtotalkwithafriendmakesourthoughts___8_____andourunderstandingsmore_____9____.Fruit3:Helpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves.*Somanythingsinlifethatcanonlybe___10___withthehelpoffriends.*Friendshavedifferent____11____.*Friendscanhelpusduringlifeand,perhaps,even____12____.Part3(Para6)____13____onmakingfriends.Key：1.Comforttheheart2.Advisethehead3.matters/counts4.share5.takeongreatermeanings6.trouble7.advice8.clearer9.thorough10.achieved11.ideasandskills12.afterdeath13.AdviceStep5.Criticalthinking1.Willyouturntofriendswhenyouarefacedwithdifficulty?Howdoyouknowwhentobeindependentandwhentoaskforthehelpoffriends?OfcourseIwill,butweshouldtrytodealwithaproblemonourownfirstbeforeweturntoourfriendsforguidance.Independencegivesusthefreedomtosearchinsideourselves.Wecanshareourthoughtswithourfriendsandtakeadvantageoftheiropinions,butwealoneareresponsibleforourdecisions.2.WhydoesFrancisBaconsaythat“enjoyingthecompanyofacrowdisnotthesameasbeingwithfriends”?Notallpeoplearoundyoucangiveyoupeace,betterunderstandingandjudgementandhelp.Onlytruefriendscangiveuscomfort,adviceandhelp.Therefore,weshouldchoosefriendscarefullyanddevelopthefriendshipcarefully.Step6.Writingtechniques1.Weuselinkingwordslikeinsteadandhowevertoshowcontrast.Thisway,sentencesbecomemorestructured.Canyoufindafewinthisessay?Aswewalkthe“pathoflife”,wemaysometimeswishtobealonewithourownthoughts,forquietperiodsofreflectioncanleadtopersonalimprovement.However,whenweseektobealone,wemustbecarefulthatwedonotalwaysescapeintoourownworld.Asaresult,ifweareguidedonlybyourownfeelings,ourjudgmentsmightbeone-sided.Ontheotherhand,ourfriendsarebetterabletoofferadviceonimportantdecisionsthatweallhavetomake.2.“Generallyspeaking,......theymaycomforttheheart,advisetheheadandhelpusachievethegoalswesetforourselves.”Whichkindoffigureofspeechisusedhere?Andexplainwhatitisanditseffects.Parallilism.Parallelismusessimilarwords,phrasesorclausestoshowthatideashavethesamelevelofimportance.Parallelismmakessentenceseasytofollowandemphasizesrelationshipsamongequivalentideas.Itcanpersuade,motivateandevokeemotionalresponsesfromreadersorlisteners.Giveonemoreexampleusingthisfigureofspeech.Thefirstfruitoffriendshipisthepeacethatcomesfromsharingwithfriendsourjoy,sadness,successandfailure.Thesecondfruitoffriendshipisthebetterunderstandingandjudgmentthatmaybeachievedthroughconversationswithwell-meaningandwisefriends.Thethirdfruitoffriendshipisthehelpthatafriendmayofferinmanydifferentways.Sometimesafriendisevenknownasour“secondself”.Step7.Writingasummaryabout50wordsWritingtips:Dos:•Focusonthemainideasandkeyideas.•Expresstheseideasinyourownwords.•Usesomelinkingwords.Payattentiontocoherence.Don’ts:•Don’tincludesupportingdetailsorbackgroundknowledge.•Don’tincludeyourpersonalopinion.A