挑战练02 阅读理解(推理判断题)(解析版)-2020-2021学年下学期高二英语期末题型挑战练(全国通用)

2020~2021学年下学期高二英语期末题型挑战练(全国通用)02阅读理解(推理判断题)1Whenweexperienceearthquakes,medicalemergencies—whateverthesituation,thefirstthingyouprobablydoispanic.Everybodydoes.Whilemanyofusthinkthatwe’recoolinacrisis,sciencetellsusthatweseldomare.Atthemomentweneedtobekeenlyawareofoursurroundings,butourattentiongoestothescariestthingonthescene,leavingusunawareoftheothersights,sounds,andevensmellsaroundus.Atthemoment,we’reanythingbutatourbest.Thesenormalhumanreactionscanbereversed.Forexample,firefightersaretaughthowtobringdowntheirbloodpressureandheartratesquickly,boxbreathing,bellybreathing,humbreathing—youcanlearnthesetechniquesinminutes.Onceyoucalmdown,you’llidentifyaccuratelywhattheproblemisreallyabout.Lackofpracticealwayscausesustojudgeproblemsinwrongways.Doingthethinkingaheadoftimealsohelpsyoufireoffthesolutionwhenit’sshowtime.Thisiswhyyouareadvisedtofindtheclosestexitbeforetheflight.Andsometimeswearen’tpreparedwithalltheknowledgeweneed.Let’ssaywe’reonahikeandabearshowsup.Whatshallwedo?Bettertoreadsuggestionsonhowtorespondbeforeheadingintothewild.Performinginacrisisisbecomingmoreimportantforallofusfortworeasons.Backinthegoodolddays,thereliabilityofmostanythingweusedordidwasfarlessthanitistoday.Nowthinkaboutwhathappenstoourpreparednessastheprobabilityofsomethinghadhappeningreduces.Unlesswepracticewhathardlyeverhappens,ourabilitytorespondwhenitdoeshappentendstoslipaway.Reliabilitycankillyou.Also,thesystemsweusetodayaremorecomplex.Thereareseldommovingpartsinplainviewthatallowustoseewhenthingsareabouttogowrong.Consequently,terriblesituationscan“comeoutofnowhere”.Ironically,thesystemsthatweredesignedtolessenourworkloadmightrequireustoremaininastateofincreasedvigilance(警觉)inordertosurvivetheseincreasinglyinfrequenteventswhentheydohappen.Astechnologybecomespartofmosteverything,andasonce-largerisksbreakintocountlesssmallones,crisissituationsmaybecomestandardaffairs.Weshouldalllearntobreathe,recognizethesituation,andcarryouttheplanthatwearesmartenoughtopreparewellinadvance.1.Accordingtothepassage,whenanarmedrobbery(抢劫)happens,mostwitnesseswillfirst___________.A.observethesurroundingsB.pretendtobecalmC.decidewhattodoD.focusonthegun2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reversed”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Tested. B.Changed. C.Predicted. D.Understood3.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that___________.A.thingsarelessdependablethantheyusedtobeB.cautiousnesshelpspreventtheoccurrenceofcrisisC.conveniencereducesourproblem-solvingcapabilityD.thecomplexityofpresentsystemsensuresoursafety4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducewaysofavoidingcrisissituations.B.Topointouttheconnectionbetweenstressandrisks.C.Toraiseawarenessofthepreparationforemergencies.D.Toanalysetheinfluenceoftechnologyoncrisismanagement.【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是，虽然很多人都认为自己在危机中很冷静，但科学告诉我们，我们很少能做到。因此，市民对突发事件的防范意识要提高。1.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Whilemanyofusthinkthatwe’recoolinacrisis,sciencetellsusthatweseldomare.Atthemomentweneedtobekeenlyawareofoursurroundings,butourattentiongoestothescariestthingonthescene,leavingusunawareoftheothersights,sounds,andevensmellsaroundus.（虽然很多人都认为自己在危机中很冷静，但科学告诉我们，我们很少能做到。此时此刻，我们需要敏锐地意识到我们周围的环境，但我们的注意力却集中在了现场最可怕的东西上，让我们对周围的其他景象、声音甚至气味浑然不觉。）”可知，根据文章，危机出现时，人们的注意力集中在了现场最可怕的东西上，可得出当武装抢劫发生时，大多数目击者会首先关注枪。故选D。2.词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Atthemomentweneedtobekeenlyawareofoursurroundings,butourattentiongoestothescariestthingonthescene,leavingusunawareoftheothersights,sounds,andevensmellsaroundus.Atthemoment,we’reanythingbutatourbest.（此时此刻，我们需要敏锐地意识到我们周围的环境，但我们的注意力却集中在了现场最可怕的东西上，让我们对周围的其他景象、声音甚至气味浑然不觉。目前，我们还没有达到最佳状态。）”，和第二段中的“Forexample,firefightersaretaughthowtobringdowntheirbloodpressureandheartratesquickly,boxbreathing,bellybreathing,humbreathing—youcanlearnthesetechniquesinminutes.Onceyoucalmdown,you’llidentifyaccuratelywhattheproblemisreallyabout.（例如，消防员被教导如何快速降低他们的血压和心率，箱式呼吸法，腹部呼吸法，哼哼呼吸法——你可以在几分钟内学会这些技巧。一旦你冷静下来，你就会准确地识别出问题的真正原因。）”可知，上文讲危机出现时，人们的注意力集中在了现场最可怕的东西上，害怕因而无法冷静，下文讲通过适当方法，人们可以冷静下来，所以这些正常的人类反应（害怕/无法冷静）是可以逆转的。由此推知，划线词的意思是“改变”。故选B。3.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Unlesswepracticewhathardlyeverhappens,ourabilitytorespondwhenitdoeshappentendstoslipaway.Reliabilitycankillyou.Also,thesystemsweusetodayaremorecomplex.Thereareseldommovingpartsinplainviewthatallowustoseewhenthingsareabouttogowrong.（除非我们练习几乎不发生的事情，否则当事情发生时，我们的反应能力往往会消失。可靠性会毁了你。此外，我们今天使用的系统更加复杂。在肉眼可见的情况下，很少有活动部件能让我们看到事情什么时候会出错。）”可知，从第三段中可以推断出，现代生活给予人们生活可靠性，系统性让人们规避很多错误，世界的便利性降低了我们解决问题的能力。故选C。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Astechnologybecomespartofmosteverything,andasonce-largerisksbreakintocountlesssmallones,crisissituationsmaybecomestandardaffairs.Weshouldalllearntobreathe,recognizethesituation,andcarryouttheplanthatwearesmartenoughtopreparewellinadvance.（随着技术成为绝大多数事物的一部分，随着曾经的巨大风险演变成无数的小风险，危机局势可能会成为常态。我们都应该学会呼吸，认识到情况，并执行计划，我们足够聪明地提前做好准备。）”可知，危机局势可能会成为常态，人们应该要做好准备应对它，这篇文章的目的是为了提高市民对突发事件的防范意识。故选C。2Nowadays,itismorecommonforpeopletoexpresstheirthoughtsinane-mailortext.Infact,moreandmorestudentsusetechnologyforwrittencommunicationintheirlives.Evenso,researchshowsthatteachinghandwritingskillshasitsbenefits(好处).However,arethebenefitsworthspendingvaluableclassroomtimeonteachinghandwritingskillswhenstudentscouldbelearningmoreaboutcomputerkeyboarding?Statesacrossthecountryhavegoodreasonstorequirestudentstolearncomputerkeyboardingskills.Forone,studentsarelearningatechnologythatwillhelpthemcommunicatefasterwithmorepeopleandinmanydifferentforms,suchase-mails,websites,blogs,andsoon.Also,thebetterastudent'scomputerkeyboardingskills,thegreaterthechancethatstudenthastobecomeabetterwriter.Computertoolssuchasthegrammarandspellcheckmakecorrectingquickandeasy,althoughnot100%accurate(准确无误的).Withtheseandmanyothertools,studentsgainimportantcomputerskills.Furthermore,studentsnolongerhavetoworryabouttheirwritingbeinggradedpoorlybyteachers.Allinall,computerkeyboardingskillsareastepintherightdirection.Still,theadvantagesofcomputerkeyboardingskillsmaynotbeenoughtoleavehandwritinginstructioninthedust.MarlenaHamilton,professorofneurologyatUniversityofPennsylvania,didanexperimentwithherco-workerstostudywhathappensinstudents'brainswhenwriting.Theyfoundthatmanyoftheareasofthebrainlightup.Thesearethesameareasthatareusedtolearntoread.Theythenwonderedifthesamewouldbetruewhenstudentslookedatlettersonakeyboard.“Whatwefound,”shestates,“isthatbrainsaremuchlessinvolvedwhenwejustviewletters.Whenweactuallyuseourhandstomakethings,thebrainworksmuchharder.”Schoolsacrossthenationarelookingattheevidenceanddecidingwhattodo.WilliamMcIntyre,areadingcoachatSunshineElementarySchoolinAlbany,NewYork,says,“Whatwehavelearnedfromtheresearchisthatlearninghandwritingbenefitsstudentseducationally.Whatwealsoknowisthatstudentsneedtobetaughtkeyboardingskills.”Now,itisuptoeachschooltomakeadecision.5.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlywanttoshow?A.Therolesofcomputertools.B.Theimportanceofcommunicationskills.C.Theadvantagesofkeyboardingskills.D.Thenecessityofdevelopingwritingskills.6.What'stheauthor'sattitudetostudents'learningkeyboardingskills?A.Worried B.Doubtful C.Supportive D.Uncaring7.WhatcantheresultofHamilton'sexperimentprove?A.Handwritingishelpfulforlearning.B.Keyboardingskillsareveryuseful.C.Keyboardingmakesourbrainmoreactive.D.Handwritingismoredifficultthankeyboarding.8.Whatkindofdecisiondoestheauthorrefertointhelastparagraph?A.Whetherschoolsshouldstillteachhandwriting.B.Whetherschoolsshouldoffercomputerclasses.C.Whetherstudentsshouldlearnkeyboardingskills.D.Whetherstudentsshouldusethegrammarandspellcheck.【答案】5.C6.C7.A8.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍现在通过键盘交流非常普遍，学习键盘技能对学生来说有很多优势，但是书法技能也可以提高学生的学习能力。5.段落大意题。根据文章第二段“Statesacrossthecountryhavegoodreasonstorequirestudentstolearncomputerkeyboardingskills.(美国各州都有充分的理由要求学生学习电脑键盘技能。)”及本段内容可知，第二段主要介绍键盘技能的优势。故选C。6.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Allinall,computerkeyboardingskillsareastepintherightdirection.(总而言之，计算机键盘技能是朝着正确方向迈出的一步。)”可推断，作者认为学习键盘技能是正确的，因此作者对于学生学习键盘技能是赞成的。故选C。7.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Theyfoundthatmanyoftheareasofthebrainlightup.Thesearethesameareasthatareusedtolearntoread.(他们发现大脑的许多区域都被激活了。这些区域是用来学习阅读的。)”可知，汉密尔顿的实验结果证明手写能激活大脑的学习区域，所以手写对学习有帮助。故选A。8.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“WilliamMcIntyre,areadingcoachatSunshineElementarySchoolinAlbany,NewYork,says,“Whatwehavelearnedfromtheresearchisthatlearninghandwritingbenefitsstudentseducationally.Whatwealsoknowisthatstudentsneedtobetaughtkeyboardingskills.”Now,itisuptoeachschooltomakeadecision.(纽约奥尔巴尼阳光小学的阅读教练威廉·麦金太尔说：“我们从研究中了解到，学习书法对学生的教育有好处。我们还知道，学生需要学习键盘技能。”现在，每个学校都要做出决定。)”可知，作者认为书写对学生的教育有好处，他认为学校应该对此做决定了，所以作者提到的决定是是否学校应该教学生书法。故选A。3Today’sstudentshaveaproblem.Theywerebornintoaworldwheretechnology,smartphones,andimmediateaccesstotheInternetarehurtingtheirabilitytofocusandchangingthewaytheythink.Nowteachershaveaproblemtoo.Theyfinditparticularlyexhaustingtoaskstudentstoreadcomplexorlongtextswithouttakingregularbreaks.Smartphoneshaveclearlyaffectedtheyoungergeneration,buthoweducationshouldevolvefordigital-nativestudents?Acommonideaamongteachersisthatshortisgood.Whenstudentscan’tseemtopayattentiontolonglectures,manyteacherssimplybreaklessonsintosmallerpatterns.Infact,studentsneedtimetoengagewithatopiconcetheteacherintroducesitbeforemovingon.Switchingbetweensmalllessonstooquicklycouldrobthemofvaluablecomprehension.Therearealsoteacherswhobeginclasseswithmeditation(深思)exercisestohelptheirstudentsfocus.However,itturnsoutthatanysortof“techbreaks”couldcounteractstrongdesirestomultitask.A2018studyfoundthatstudentsagedbetween10and24tendtostayawayfromphysicalbooks.Theyprefervideoasasourceofinformationsecondonlytoteachers.Therefore,sometech-forwardteacherschooseplatformssuchasYouTubeandInstagram.AshaChoksi,vice-presidentofglobalresearchatPearson,givestheexampleofateacherwhofilmshimselfperformingascienceexperimentandpostsittoYouTube.Whenitistimeforclass,heusesthevideotoillustratematerialinthetextbook,whichcanseemboringtostudents.Still,whilethoseeducatorsareembracingtechnologyintheclassroomtomeetstudent’sneeds,theyalsofindvalueintraditionalmethods,andsosuggesta“blended(混合的)learning”approach.Directinstructionfromthemwillneverbereplacedintheirclasses.Technologywillbefavoredonlywhenitimprovesalessoninwaysthatareimpossibleoffline.Digitalnativeswillcontinuetoeagerlyadoptnewmedia.Teachershavenochoicebuttoevolve.Theyaremakinganeffortnotonlytoensurethatstudentscantakeadvantageofnewtechnologies,buttoteachstudentsvaluableskillsthatcanhelpthemthinkinaworldconstantlytryingtodistractthem.ThinkoftheZuckerbergs,theGates,theJobsandallthosepioneersinthetechworld.Theybecamesuccessfulnotbecausetheycouldcode(编程);itwasbecausetheycouldthink.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counteract”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Motivate. B.Reduce. C.Compensate. D.Influence.10.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?A.Teachersadoptshortlectures,smalllessons,whichcouldbehardtounderstandsometimes.B.Teachersemploymeditationexercisestohelpstudentsconcentrateonclass,whichisoflittleeffect.C.Studentsagedbetween10and24don’tpreferphysicalbooks,soYouTubeandInstagrammaybeagoodchoice.D.Studentsagedbetween10and24prefervideostoteachers,sousingvideostoexplaintextbooksisapopularway.11.Accordingtothearticle,a“blendedlearning”approachissuggestedmainlybecause________.(1).theconventionalwayofteachingremainsunchallenged(2).technologyisausefulsupplementtotextbooks(3).materialinthetextbookistooboringtomoststudents(4).teacherswanttochangetheirtraditionalteachingmethodsA.(1)(2) B.(2)(3) C.(3)(4) D.(1)(4)12.Accordingtotheauthor,ateacher’stoppriorityis________.A.toshareasmuchknowledgewithstudentsaspossibleB.toencouragestudentstomakefulluseofnewtechnologiesC.tohelpstudentsdeveloptheirabilitytothinkcriticallyandcreativelyD.toinstructstudentstolimittheiruseofsmartphonesandsocialmedia【答案】9.B10.D11.A12.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今为了适应年轻一代被智能手机分心的影响，老师们也在学着改进自己的教学方式，文章列举了教师们所采取的一些方法和作者对此的看法。9.词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Therearealsoteacherswhobeginclasseswithmeditation(深思)exercisestohelptheirstudentsfocus.(也有老师以冥想练习开始课堂，以帮助学生集中注意力)”；“However,itturnsoutthatanysortof“techbreaks”could”后文“strongdesirestomultitask.”可知，however表示转折，说明老师用来帮助学生集中注意力的冥想练习，经过事实证明，任何形式的“技术休息”都可能减少人们一心多用的强烈愿望。故画线词意思是“减少”。A.motivate激发；B.reduce减少；C.compensate补偿；D.influence影响。故选B。10.细节理解题。根据第五段中“A2018studyfoundthatstudentsagedbetween10and24tendtostayawayfromphysicalbooks.Theyprefervideoasasourceofinformationsecondonlytoteachers.(2018年的一项研究发现，10岁至24岁的学生倾向于远离实体书。他们喜欢把视频作为仅次于老师的信息来源)”以及“AshaChoksi,vice-presidentofglobalresearchatPearson,givestheexampleofateacherwhofilmshimselfperformingascienceexperimentandpostsittoYouTube.Whenitistimeforclass,heusesthevideotoillustratematerialinthetextbook,whichcanseemboringtostudents.(培生全球研究副总裁AshaChoksi举了一个例子，一位老师将自己进行科学实验的过程拍摄下来，并将其发布到YouTube上。上课的时候，他会用视频给课本上的内容配图，而学生们可能会觉得这些内容很无聊)”可知，D选项“10到24岁的学生更喜欢视频而不是老师，所以使用视频来解释教科书是一种流行的方式”不正确。故选D。11.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Still,whilethoseeducatorsareembracingtechnologyintheclassroomtomeetstudent’sneeds,theyalsofindvalueintraditionalmethods,andsosuggesta“blendedlearning”approach.Directinstructionfromthemwillneverbereplacedintheirclasses.Technologywillbefavoredonlywhenitimprovesalessoninwaysthatareimpossibleoffline.(尽管这些教育者在课堂上拥抱技术以满足学生的需求，但他们也发现了传统方法的价值，因此提出了一种“混合学习”的方法。在他们的课堂上，他们的直接指令永远不会被取代。只有当技术以离线无法实现的方式促进课程时，它才会受到青睐)”可知，建议“混合学习”方法主要是因为教师的权威仍然没有受到挑战，以及技术是教科书的有用补充。故选A。12.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Theyaremakinganeffortnotonlytoensurethatstudentscantakeadvantageofnewtechnologies,buttoteachstudentsvaluableskillsthatcanhelpthemthinkinaworldconstantlytryingtodistractthem.ThinkoftheZuckerbergs,theGates,theJobsandallthosepioneersinthetechworld.Theybecamesuccessfulnotbecausetheycouldcode;itwasbecausetheycouldthink.(他们不仅努力确保学生能够利用新技术，还努力教授学生有价值的技能，帮助他们在这个不断试图分散他们注意力的世界中思考。想想扎克伯格、盖茨、乔布斯以及科技世界的所有先驱者。他们成功不是因为他们会编程，而是因为他们能够思考)”可推知，作者认为老师的首要任务是帮助学生培养批判性和创造性思维的能力。故选C。4Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.However,socialchangesbroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollege.Surveysonthistopicsuggeststhatparentstodaycontinuetobe“very”or“somewhat”overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday’sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren’slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheir“adult”children.Inthecontext(背景)ofthisdiscussion,itseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthecaseofparents’involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshadwantedtobeintouchwiththeircollege-agechildrenfrequently,wouldthishavebeenpossible?Probablynot.Ontheotherhand,doesthepossibilityoffrequentcommunicationtodaymeanthattheurgetodosowasn’tpresentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today’sgrandparents—wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.Furthermore,studiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommunicationbetweenparentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheirparentsisnothingnew;norarerequestsformoremoneytobesentfromhome.Thisphenomenonisneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelife,todayandinthepast.Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.Thishasmanyimplicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftforcollege.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.13.Thesurveysinformusof________.A.thedevelopmentoftechnologyB.thechangesofadultchildren’sbehaviorC.theparents’over-protectionoftheircollegechildrenD.themeansandexpensesofstudents’communication14.Thewriterbelievesthat________.A.parentstodayaremoreprotectivethanthoseinthepastB.thedisadvantagesofnewtechnologyoutweighitsadvantagesC.technologyexplainsgreaterinvolvementwiththeirchildrenD.parents’changedattitudesleadtocollegechildren’sdelayedindependence15.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TechnologyorAttitude?B.DependenceorIndependence?C.FamilyInfluencesorSocialChanges?D.CollegeManagementorCommunicationAdvancement?【答案】13.C14.C15.A【解析】这是一篇议论文，本文以父母对于上大学的成年子女过度保护的问题为例，提出了科技带来的一些改变容易被误认为态度的改变的论点。13.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Surveysonthistopicsuggeststhatparentstodaycontinuetobe“very”or“somewhat”overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.(关于这一话题的调查显示，即使在孩子搬进大学宿舍后，如今的父母仍然对他们保持着“非常”或“有点”过度的保护。)”可知，调查告诉我们父母对于上大学的孩子过度保护。故选C项。14.推理判断题。第三段“However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheir“adult”children.(然而，父母更多的参与并不一定意味着父母没有对他们的成年子女放手。)”提出，调查的结果并不能理解为现在的家长对孩子不放手，结合第四段内容及最后一句“Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today’sgrandparents—wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.(许多研究表明，如果不是因为给孩子打电话的手段和费用是一个障碍，年纪较大的父母——如今的祖父母——会更经常地给孩子打电话。)”可知，本段论述了父母更多参与孩子的生活的真正原因是科技的发展使得交流手段更丰富，成本更低廉。故选C项。15.主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段最后一句“However,socialchangesbroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.(然而，新科技带来的社会改变容易被误认为是态度的改变。)”可知，本文以父母对于上大学的成年子女过度保护的问题为例，论述了科技带来的一些改变是否是态度的改变。故A项“科技还是态度？”适合作为文章标题。故选A项。5Althoughbeingfamousmightsoundlikeadreamcometrue,today'sstars,feelinglikezooanimals,facepressuresthatfewofuscanimagine.Theyareatthecenterofmuchoftheworld'sattention.Paparazzi(狗仔队)campoutsidetheirhomes,camerasready.Tabloids(小报)publishthrillingstoriesabouttheirpersonallives.Justimaginenotbeingabletodoanythingwithoutbeingphotographedorinterruptedforasignature.AccordingtopsychologistChristinaVillareal,celebrities—famouspeople—worryconstantlyabouttheirpublicappearance.Eventually,theystarttolosetrackofwhotheyreallyare,seeingthemselvesthewaytheirfansimaginethem,notasthepeopletheywerebeforeeveryoneknewtheirnames.“Overtime,”Villarealsays,“theyfeelseparatedandalone.”Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,paintersfollowedAlexandertheGreatintobattle,hopingtopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers.WhenCharlesDickensvisitedAmericainthe19thcentury,hissold-outreadingsattractedthousandsoffans,leadinghimtocomplain(抱怨)abouthislackofprivacy.Tabloidsofthe1920sand1930sranarticlesaboutfilm-starsinmuchthesamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesdo.Beingapublicfiguretoday,however,isalotmoredifficultthanitusedtobe.Superstarscannotmoveaboutwithoutworryingaboutphotographerswithmoderncameras.Whentheysaysomethingsillyordosomethingridiculous,thereisalwaystheInternettospreadthenewsinminutesandkeeptheir"story"aliveforever.Iffameissotroublesome,whyaren'tallcelebritiesrunningawayfromit?Theansweristherearestillwaystodealwithit.Somestarsstaycalmbysurroundingthemselveswithtrustedfriendsandfamilyorbyescapingtoremoteplacesawayfrombigcities.Theyfocusnotonhowfamoustheyarebutonwhattheylovetodoorwhatevermadethemfamousinthefirstplace.Sometimesafewcelebritiescangetalittlejustice.Still,evenstarswhoenjoyfulljusticeoftencomplainabouthowhardtheirlivesare.Theyaretiredofbeingfamousalready.16.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatstarstoday________.A.areoftenmisunderstoodbythepublicB.cannolongerhavetheirprivacyprotectedC.spendtoomuchontheirpublicappearanceD.carelittleabouthowtheyhavecomeintofame17.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Well-knownactorsarcusuallytargetsoftabloids.B.Worksofpopularwritersoftenhavealotofreaders.C.Greatheroesofthepastweregenerallyadmired.D.Theproblemfacedbycelebritieshasalonghistory.18.Whatmakesitmuchhardertobeacelebritytoday?A.Hugepopulationoffans. B.Availabilityofmodernmedia.C.Lackoffavorablechances. D.Inadequatesocialrecognition.19.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardmoderncelebrity?A.Sympathetic. B.Skeptical. C.Disapproving. D.Indifferent.【答案】16.B17.D18.B19.A【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述的是成名给名人们的生活带来的影响，以及处理这些问题的方法，并以此引发读者思考。16.推理判断题。根据第一段的“Theyareatthecenterofmuchoftheworld'sattention.Paparazzi(狗仔队)campoutsidetheirhomes,camerasready.Tabloids(小报)publishthrillingstoriesabouttheirpersonallives.(他们是世界关注的焦点。狗仔队在家门口扎营，准备好摄像机。小报刊登关于他们有关私人生活的让人激动的故事)”可知，他们的生活完全被媒体报道。由此推测，他们生活中的隐私已经处于了没有任何保护的状态了。故选B项。17.主旨大意题。根据第三段的中心句，即第一句“Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.(跟踪名人的现象由来已久)”此段然后列举了一些之前的名人遇到的被跟随的事，可知，该段落主要讲的是名人遇到的这种问题已经有了很久的历史了，故选D项。18.细节理解题。根据第四段的“Superstarscannotmoveaboutwithoutworryingaboutphotographerswithmoderncameras.Whentheysaysomethingsillyordosomethingridiculous,thereisalwaystheInternettospreadthenewsinminutesandkeeptheir"story"aliveforever.(超级明星四处走动，都要担心拿着现代摄像机的记者。当他们说了一些傻话或做了一些荒谬的事，互联网总是在几分钟内就把他们的故事生动地传开)”可知，他们做任何事情都会被现代照相机、网络等当代媒体捕捉并传播。因此，这些现代媒体让现在做名人不容易。故选B项。19.推理判断题。根据第一段的“Althoughbeingfamousmightsoundlikeadreamcometrue,today'sstars,feelinglikezooanimals,facepressuresthatfewofuscanimagine.(今天的明星尽管变得有名，听起来好像实现了梦想，但是，他们就像动物园里的动物，面临着我们想象不到的压力)”可知，作者觉得现在的名人就像是动物园里的动物一样，没有自由。文章其他段落揭示了名人一直都处在被跟踪中，现在媒体让现在的名人处境更加艰难，而且他们没有隐私，失去自我，变得孤独、变得被世界隔离。最后一段中“Theyaretiredofbeingfamousalready.(他们已经厌倦了出名)”从名人的角度直接表达了出名的辛苦，因此可以推断出，作者对他们应该是同情的态度，故选A项。6I'minterestedintheRenaissance,soIlikevisitingancientItaliancities.FerraraiscalledCityoftheRenaissance.WhenIlearnedaboutthiscityontheInternet,Idecidedtopayavisittoit.Thecityhasacertaincharmandcalmness,butIfinditisn'tasgreatasotherItaliancitieslikeVerona,letaloneVenic