外研版英语必修四讲义Module2TrafficJam5SectionⅤWritingWord版含答案

SectionⅤWriting反映问题的文章eq\a\vs4\al()文体感知反映问题类作文总体上属于说明文，描述问题应该注意以下几个方面：1．所描述的问题应该是值得关注的。2．文章的整体时态应以一般现在时为主，因为文章所表述的是近期或长期以来困扰人们的问题。3．文章一般采用三段式：首先简单描述问题；然后说明问题产生的原因及后果；最后提出解决问题的方法。提建议时应分清主次，逐条列出。eq\a\vs4\al()增分佳句1．Whatistheproblemwith...?2．Nowadays,thereexistsaserioussocial/economic/environmentalproblem...3．Withthedevelopmentofthemoderntechnology，privatecarsarepopularwithordinarypeople.4．Notonlyhastheairbeenpolluted，butalsotrafficaccidentshaveincreasedgreatly.5．Itiswellknownthatthemaincauseofroadaccidentsisdrunkdrivingandspeeding.6．Whatisthesolutiontotheproblem?7．Therearereasonsfor...Firstofall，...Secondly，...Thirdly，...8．Inviewof...，measuresmustbetakentosolvethisproblem.9．Weshouldthinkofwaystosolvetheproblem.10．Itishightimefor...todo...eq\a\vs4\al()写作模板Withtherapiddevelopmentof________(工业或汽车制造业),moreandmorecarshavebeenproducedinthepastyears.Manycitizensarewillingto________(拥有汽车)．However,thebadthingisthat________(点出主题)．Mysuggestionsareasfollows.Firstly,ifpossible,wecanwidenstreetsby________(拓宽车道)．Secondly,buildmore________(停车场或停车位),whichcan________(缓解交通拥堵)．Finally,thecitizensshould________(乘坐公共交通工具)．Ifwefollowthesesuggestions,wecanlightenthetrafficpressureandavoidtrafficjams.eq\a\vs4\al()写作要求在2019年度中国堵城排行榜中，北京市位居第一。假如你是李华，针对交通堵塞问题，你给市长写一封信，提出自己的建议。要点如下：1．私家车增多和司机的违规行驶造成交通堵塞；2．提出具体的解决办法；3．希望市长予以答复。注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：混乱chaos车道lane停车场parkingloteq\a\vs4\al()审题谋篇体裁说明文时态一般现在时主题介绍交通拥堵人称第三人称结构首段：引出写信的目的；中段：分析造成交通拥堵的原因；尾段：提出解决交通拥堵的建议eq\a\vs4\al()词汇推敲1．提出一些建议 give/makesomesuggestions2．目前 now/nowadays/atpresent3．……的数量 thenumberof...4．鼓励某人做某事 encouragesb.todosth.5．盼望 lookforwardtoeq\a\vs4\al()遣词造句1．完成句子①目前交通拥堵已经变成了一个主要问题。Atpresent,trafficjamshavebeeamajorproblem．②该问题我们城市里的绝大多数人每天都会面对。Thisproblemisfacedbymostpeopleofourcityeveryday.③另外，一些司机不遵守交通规则，这导致了交通混乱。What’smore,somedriversdisobeytrafficrules,anditresultsintrafficchaos.④如果您能考虑我的建议我将非常感谢。Iwillthankyouifyoucouldtakemysuggestionsintoconsideration．2．句式升级⑤用定语从句合并句①和句②Atpresent,trafficjamshavebeeamajorproblemwhichisfacedbymostpeopleofourcityeveryday.⑥用分词短语作状语升级句③What’smore,somedriversdisobeytrafficrules,resultingintrafficchaos.⑦用高级词汇appreciate和形式宾语句式升级句④Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemysuggestionsintoconsideration.eq\a\vs4\al()妙笔成篇________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：DearMayor，I’mwritingtogivesomesuggestionstoimproveourcity’stransportation.Atpresent,trafficjamshavebeeamajorproblemwhichisfacedbymostpeopleofourcityeveryday.Thenumberofprivatecarshasbeenincreasing.What’smore,somedriversdisobeytrafficrules,causingtrafficchaos.Alltheseoftenresultintrafficjams.Inmyopinion,measuresmustbetakentosolvethisproblem.First,thegovernmentshouldencouragepeopletousepublictransportmoreandatthesametimelimitprivatecars.Second,morelanesandparkinglotsshouldbebuilt.Third,it’sveryimportanttoeducatethepublictoobeytrafficrules.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemysuggestionsintoconsideration.I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely，LiHua最近，你班同学围绕“HowtoSolvetheProblemofHeavyTraffic”这一话题进行了激烈的讨论，请将讨论结果写成一篇英语短文。要点如下：交通拥堵的原因：人多、车多、人们遵守交通规则的意识淡薄。建议：1．建设更多宽阔的道路，开辟更多的公交线路；2．减少使用私家车，多乘坐公共交通工具，提倡步行或骑自行车；3．遵守交通规则，不乱穿马路。注意：1．词数100左右(首段已给出，不计入总词数)；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。HowtoSolvetheProblemofHeavyTrafficAlmosteverycityhasabigtrafficproblem.Today,ourclasshaveadebateabouthowtosolveit.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion:HowtoSolvetheProblemofHeavyTrafficAlmosteverycityhasabigtrafficproblem.Today,ourclasshaveadebateabouthowtosolveit.Therearemanyreasonsfortrafficjams.Tostartwith,avastpopulationleadstoheavytraffic.Thesecondreasonistheincreasingnumberofvehicles,especiallyprivatecars.Thelastbutnotleastreasonisthatsomepeopledon’trealizetheimportanceofrespectingtrafficrules.Todealwiththisproblem,somestudentssuggestthatweshouldbuildmorewideroads.Othersinsistonofferingmanymorebusroutinestoimprovetransport.Someoneelsethinksweshouldwalkorridethebikemoreinsteadofdrivingcars.Andpedestriansshouldobeytrafficrulesandnotcrosstheroadataredlight.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．(2018·北京卷)Inanyunsafesituation,simplypress(press)thebuttonandahighly－trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.2．OurEnglishteacherisill.Let’sgoandseehimafterschool,shallwe?3．Onemoreweek,andIwillgeteverythingready.4．Youhavefailedtwotests.Workharder,oryouwon’tpasstheexam.5．(四川卷)Ifyouhaveajob，dodevote(devote)yourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.6．Pleasedomeafavor—invite(invite)myfriendMr.SmithtoYouthTheaterat7：30tonight.7．Gostraightonandyouwill__see(see)amuseum.Youwon’tmissit.8．Turn(turn)downtheradioalittle—thebabyissleeping.9．—Alice,feedthebirdtoday,willyou?—ButIfedityesterday.10．Knock(knock)atthedoorbeforeyouentermyroom,please.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)阅读理解Supposeyoudon’tneedyourcartoday.Andsuppose,asithappensthatastrangerinyourareadoesneedacar.Wouldyoubewillingtorentyoursout?Severalcar－sharingstart－ups,includingGetaround,RelayRidesandJustShareIt,areeagertoconnectcarownerswithrentersthisway.Thepanieshavedifferentrules,butparticipatingownersreceive,generallyspeaking,abouttwo－thirdsoftherentalearnings.RelayRidessaysanownerofamid－size,late－modelsedanwhorentsoutacarfor10hoursaweekcouldexpecttoclearabout$3,000ayear.Peer－to－peercar－sharingremainsinthetrialstage;itcanbefoundinSanFranciscoandafewotherplaces.IthasalongwaytogobeforeitbeestheautoequivalentofAirbnb,thesurprisesuccessstoryforpeer－to－peersharingofspaceinapartmentsandhouses.ShelbyClark,founderofRelayRides,sayspotentialinvestorsinhispanyhavebeenconcernedthatownerswillbeafraidtohandtheircarovertostrangers.Toaddressthat,hepointstoAirbnb,saying，“Lettingpeoplesleepinyourlivingroomismuchmoreofadisturbanceintoyourpersonalspacethanlettingsomeoneuseyourcar.”Allofthesepaniesoffertheirowninsurancecoveragefortheirrenters,whicharesupposedtoputowners’mindsatease.Butonlytwostates—CaliforniaandOregon—havepassedlawstoclarifythatanownerwillnotsufferanyconsequencesshouldacar－sharingrenterhaveanaccident.“Inalltheotherstates,legalambiguityremains，”ShelbyClarksays.“Ifarentershouldbeinvolvedinaseriousaccidentinthosestates,thevictimcanbeexpectedtogoaftereverypartypossible,includingthecar’sowner.”Alsotoremovetheworriesofcarowners,thedrivingrecordsofrentersarecheckedforrecentseriousviolations.【解题导语】本文讲述了共享汽车公司创立的原因及共享汽车的规则。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sedan”inParagraph2probablyreferto?A．Akindofcar.B．Anownerofacar.C．Arentingpany.D．Acar－sharingrenter.A解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“anownerofamid－size,late－model”及画线词后面的“whorentsoutacar”可推知，这里指的是“一种中型、新型的小汽车”，所以答案为A项。2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofAirbnb?A．Itcareslittleaboutpersonalprivacy.B．Itdealswithhouse－sharingsuccessfully.C．Itisaverypopularcar－sharingpany.D．Itsideasarebeingtriedoutinsomestates.B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“beforeitbeestheautoequivalentofAirbnb,thesurprisesuccessstoryforpeer－to－peersharingofspaceinapartmentsandhouses”可知，Airbnb是一家成功进行房屋共享的公司，故答案为B项。3．Ifacar－sharingrentershouldhaveanaccidentinCalifornia,thecar’sowner________．A．hastotakelegalresponsibilityB．willnotsuffertheconsequenceC．isnotcoveredbyhealthinsuranceD．mustpaytheinsurancefortherenterB解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“Butonlytwostates—CaliforniaandOregon—havepassedlawstoclarifythatanownerwillnotsufferanyconsequencesshouldacar－sharingrenterhaveanaccident.”可知，在California和Oregon两个州，如果租用者出了事故，车主是不会受到任何影响的，故答案为B项。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)语法填空OnahotsummerdayIwastravelingdownthehighwaytoLosAngeles.Duringmytravelanotherdriversuddenlystartedmergingintomylane.Beinginthefarrightlane,mycar1.____________(force)ontotheshoulderoftheroad.Beingaprofessionaldriver,Imanaged2.____________(drive)mycarbackontothehighwaywithoutanaccident.WhileIwasn’tveryhappywiththepersonforcuttingmeoff,Iconsideredit3.____________honestmistake.Adriverlostinagooddaydream.Itcertainlycouldnot4.____________(be)afriendlyact.Thecar5.____________(speed)awayaftercuttingmeoffandsoonwasoutofsight.Afterawhile,Ifoundthesamedriveronthesideoftheroad.Hewasanoldgentlemanwhowaswalkingalongthesideoftheroadonthishotday.Withnocallboxinsightandthe6.____________(near)servicesbeingatleasttwentymilesaway,Idecidedtostopandseewhattheproblemwas.Theman’scarhadaflattireand7.____________hehadasparetire,hehadnoinstrument.Idecidedtohelphim8.____________changinghistireforhimandallowedhimtositinmyair­conditionedcarwhileIchangedhistire.Fifteenminutes9.____________(late),Iwashot,sweatyanddirty,butI10.____________feelgood.【解题导语】作者开车去洛杉矶的途中，看到有人超车并险些酿成一起车祸。但是后来作者发现这名司机的车爆胎了，还是停车帮了他一把。1．wasforced解析：句意：我的车行驶在最右边的车道上，因此被迫撞上了路肩。beforcedtodosth.被迫做某事。2．todrive解析：句意：作为一名专业的司机，我成功地把车重新开到了高速路上，没有酿成车祸。managetodosth.“成功做某事”。3．an解析：此处为泛指，故用不定冠词，且honest的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。4．havebeen解析：句意：这肯定不是一种友好的行为。此处表示对过去事情的推测，且为否定，应该用“couldn’thavedone”结构，意为“肯定没有做过某事”。5．sped解析：句意：这辆车超车后加速离开了，很快就不见了踪迹。根据语境可知，此处用一般过去时。6．nearest解析：句意：视线内没有公用亭，最近的服务站至少有20英里远，我决定停下车来看看出什么事情了。near近的，nearest为最高级，意为“最近的”，符合语境。7．while/although/though解析：句意：这个人的车爆胎了，虽然他有备胎，但是他没有工具。设空处引导让步状语从句，while,although和though均可引导让步状语从句。8．by解析：句意：我决定帮他一把，为他换轮胎……。设空处表示方式，介词by符合语境。9．later解析：late迟的，晚的；later随后，以后，后来；fifteenminuteslater15分钟以后。10．did解析：设空处后为动词原形而不是过去式，由此可推断出此处用助动词对谓语动词进行强调，根据全文用一般过去时可知用did。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)短文改错Thismorningmyparentstookmysisterandmetothezoo.Atthenoonwehadapicniconthegrass.Ieattoomuch,soIcouldn’tfinishmysandwich.AsIdidn’tknowwhattodowithit,Iaskedmysisterforadvices.Shepointedatthenotice,thatsaid,“Nolitter.”Andsheaskedmethrowthesandwichintothelitter­basket.JustthenIsawanelephantingslowtowardsus.Suddenlyanideacameintohermind.IcouldfeedtheelephantbymysandwichandIdidsointheend.Seenthis,mysistersmiledandsaid,“Whatcleveryouare！”答案：Thismorningmyparentstookmysisterandmetothezoo.Ateq\o(the,\s\up0(＼))noonwehadapicniconthegrass.Ieq\f(eat,ate)toomuch,soIcouldn’tfinishmysandwich.AsIdidn’tknowwhattodowithit,Iaskedmysisterforeq\f(advices,advice).Shepointedatthenotice,eq\f(that,which)said,“Nolitter.”Andsheaskedmeeq\o(\s\up7(∧,to))throwthesandwichintothelitter­basket.JustthenIsawanelephantingeq\f(slow,slowly)towardsus.Suddenlyanideacameintoeq\f(her,my)mind.Icouldfeedtheelephanteq\f(by,with/on)mysandwichandIdidsointheend.eq\f(Seen,Seeing)this,mysistersmiledandsaid,“eq\f(What,How)cleveryouare！”eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅴ)书面表达假如你是李华，你所在的城市开展了“文明交通月(RoadCivilityMonth)”活动，给城市交通带来了很大的变化。请你以“GreatChanges”为题，给校报英语专栏写一篇英文稿件。内容要点如下：1．开展“文明交通月”活动前后的变化；2．你的感想。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：行人pedestrian人行横道pedestriancrossing_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________