人教版英语必修四新素养讲义Unit4Bodylanguage4SectionⅣGrammarWord版含答案

SectionⅣGrammar现在分词(短语)作状语1．(教材P26)Istoodforaminutewatching(watch)themandthenwenttogreetthem.2．(教材P26)ThenAkiraNagatafromJapancameinsmiling(smile),togetherwithGeorgeCookfromCanada.3．(教材P26)Inthesamewaythatpeoplemunicatewithspokenlanguage,theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingsusing(use)unspoken“language”throughphysicaldistance，actionsorposture.4．Havingsmoked(smoke)toomuch,hehassufferedfromlungcancer.5．Hearing(hear)thenews,theyjumpedforjoy.现在分词(短语)作状语的用法现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。1．作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)◆Walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.＝When/While(shewas)walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when或while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。2．作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句)◆Beingill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.＝Ashewasill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.因为生病了，他无法去上学。3．作条件状语(一般放在句首，其前可以加if,unless等连词)◆Workinghard,you’llmakegreatprogress.＝Ifyouworkhard,you’llmakegreatprogress.如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。4．作结果状语现在分词(短语)作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。◆Theplatedroppedfromherhands，breakingintopieces.盘子从她手中掉了下来，摔成了碎片。现在分词(短语)作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：◆Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.被雨淋后他感冒了。◆Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofinditwasSunday.我匆忙赶到，结果发现是星期天。5．作让步、方式和伴随状语现在分词(短语)作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。◆Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom，readingabook.＝Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroomandwasreadingabook.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。为强调动词­ing形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上when,while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上before,after，强调动作先后发生；加上thus，强调结果；加上(al)though，强调让步等。◆Thoughknowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。【即时演练1】——单句语法填空①Hearing(hear)thenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforthestation.②Using(use)astick,thepainterdrewapictureonthegroundintenminutes.③Thechildslippedandfell,hitting(hit)hisheadagainstthedoor.④Living(live)milesaway,heattendedthelecture.⑤Helayinbed,reading(read)anovel.现在分词(短语)作状语注意事项1．现在分词的时态现在分词(短语)作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(havingdone)。(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。◆Walkingalongthestreet,Isawthisbar.我正在大街上行走时，看到了这个酒吧。(Walking和谓语动词saw同时发生)(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。◆Havingfinishedtheletter,hewenttopostit.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(Havingfinished是先发生的，went是后发生的)【即时演练2】——单句语法填空①Thecoolingwindsweptthroughoutbedroomwindows,making(make)airconditioningunnecessary.②Havingworked(work)forthreehours,hetookarest.③Havinglived(live)inBeijingforyears,Ialmostknoweveryplacequitewell.④Seeing(see)nobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.2．现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。◆Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.(现在分词的被动式)被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。◆Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.(现在分词的主动式)完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。◆Havingtriedmanytimes,hestillcouldn’toverehisdifficulties.(现在分词的主动式)尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未克服困难。【即时演练3】——单句语法填空①Havingspent(spend)allhismoney,theboyhadtogivehismotheracall.②Havingbeentold(tell)forseveraltimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandtherules.③Havingreceived(receive)hisreply,sheranghimup.④Havingbeenasked(ask)toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.3．现在分词的否定式：not＋v.­ing;nothaving＋v.­ed◆Notknowingwhattodo,thechildrenhadtowaitfortheirparentstoeback.不知道要做什么，孩子们只好等他们的父母回来。◆Nothavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthesportsmeeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。4．独立主格现在分词(短语)作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。◆Thetreesareextremelytall,somemeasuringover90metres.那些树非常高，其中一些测量为90多米。◆Theweatherbeingfine,wewentoutforawalk.由于天气好，我们去散步了。【即时演练4】——用现在分词(短语)的独立主格结构改写下列句子①Ifweatherpermits,weshallgothereonfoot.→Weatherpermitting,weshallgothereonfoot.②AfterMarycameback,theydiscussedittogether.→Maryingback,theydiscussedittogether.5．现在分词(短语)作评注性状语有些现在分词(短语)在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generallyspeaking“一般来说”，judgingby/from...“从……判断”，takingeverythingintoconsideration“从全盘考虑”。◆Judgingfromhisbehaviour,hemustbemad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．Heforgottoturnontheradio,thusmissing(miss)theprogram.2．Lastweek,LiMingandI,representing(represent)ourschool,attendedapetitionandwonsecondplace.3．WewereabouttoleavetheofficewhenSamcamerushing(rush)inwithamessageofthetalk.4．Petermadeacarusing(use)somepartsofotheroldcars.5．Armedwithanewmachine,asearchpartywentintothecavehoping(hope)tofindburiedtreasure.6．Hearing(hear)theirteacher’svoice,thestudentsstoppedtalkingatonce.7．pared(pare)withmanyotherwomen,sheleadsaveryhappylife.8．Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,causing(cause)themtobelate.9．Given(give)anotherfiveminutes,Icanfinishtheworkontime.10．Having__finished(finish)the800­meterrace,hewasofcourseoutofbreath.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)句型转换1．Ifyouworkhard,you’llsucceedinpassingtheexam.→Workinghard,you’llsucceedinpassingtheexam.2．Whentheyheardtheirteacher’svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.→Hearingtheirteacher’svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.3．Ifwestandontopofthehill,wecanseeourbeautifulschool.→Standingontopofthehill,wecanseeourbeautifulschool.4．After/whenhehadfinishedhishomework,theboywasallowedtowatchTVplay.→Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywasallowedtowatchTVplay.5．Becausehedidn’tknowhowtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem,heaskedtheteacherforhelp.→Notknowinghowtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem,heaskedtheteacherforhelp.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)语法与写作1．昨晚，几百万人通过电视观看了开幕式的现场直播。Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.2．律师全神贯注地听，努力地不错过任何一点。Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,tryingnottomissanypoint．3．如果转向左边，你将找到通向公园的小道。Turningtotheleft,youwillfindthepathleadingtothepark.4．这部电影他已看过两遍了，他不想去看了。Havingalreadyseenthefilmtwice,hedidn’twanttogotothecinema.5．几乎把所有的钱都花光了，我们住不起旅店了。Havingspentnearlyallourmoney,wecouldn’taffordtostayatahotel.6．由于很久没有收到儿子的来信，这位母亲很担心。Nothavingheardfromhersonforalongtime,themotherworriedagreatdeal.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．CharlieChaplinappearsonthestage,wearingasmallhatandholdingawalking(walk)stick.2．Jacksonstoodinfrontofhisson,trying(try)tocontrolhisanger.3．Theheadmastercameuptotheboysplaying(play)basketballontheplayground.4．Thoughfeeling(feel)upset,Helenpretendedtobecheerfulwhenshecamebackhomeafterwork.5．Hisuncledied,leaving(leave)himalargeamountofmoney.6．Mygrandmotherdoesn’tliketositheredoing(do)nothingalldaylong.7．Taking(take)adeepbreath,theydivedintothecoldwaterandsavedthedrowning(drown)boy.8．Ourmonitordidn’tchangemuchaftergraduation,exceptgetting(get)alittlefatter.9．Hisparentsgotkilledintheearthquake,leaving(leave)himanorphan.10．Having__waited(wait)inthequeueforhalfanhour,Joeyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)阅读理解IntheUnitedStates,manyteacherskeepfish,hamsters(仓鼠),andotheranimalsintheirclassrooms.Teacherssaystudentslearnimportantlessonsfromtheanimals.Morethan70percentofteacherswhohaveclassroompetssaytheanimalshelpstudentslearnresponsibility.Researchalsoshowsthatclassroompetscanreducestress.“Petscanfortkidswhoarehavingabadday，”saysLisaRobbins,whoworksforagroupcalledPetsintheClassroom.Butothersthinkpetsshouldbeexpelledfromclassrooms.InJanuary,theDurangoSchoolDistrictinColoradobeganfollowingano­petpolicy(政策).NowanimalscanbebroughtintoDurangoschoolsforcertainlessons,buttheycan’tstay.Officialswereworriedthatanimalsmightcreateproblemsforkidswithallergies(过敏症).Theywerealsoconcernedabouttheanimalsgettingpropercare.Here’swhattwoofourreadersthink.Havingclassroompetsgivesstudentsafunwaytolearnaboutanimals.Inmyclasslastyear,wehadaclasspetnamedElliot.Ourteacheralsousedhimtoteachusaboutdifferentsubjects.Forexample,inmath,wecalculatedhowmuchitcoststofeedElliotforayear.Petsalsohelpkidslearnhowtoworkasateam.MyclassmatesandItookturnsfeedingElliotandcleaninghistank.Ifteachersareworriedaboutstudentswithallergies,theycouldgetpetsthatdon’thavefur.—D’LasiaMays,TexasClassroompetscantakeawayvaluableclasstime.Somestudentsmighthaveahardtimefocusingontheteacherwhenthereareanimalsintheroom.Plus,havingaclassroompetcancausesafetyproblems.Youneverknowhowananimalwillreacttostudents.Evenacutelittlehamstermighthurtakidwhostickshisorherhandinitscage.—PatrickMcKinney,Ohio【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。美国很多都有教室宠物，因为它们可以让各科教学变得妙趣横生并培养孩子们的责任心，但有些人也指出了教室饲养宠物所带来的不利因素和危险。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“expelled”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Allowed. B．Removed.C．Protected. D．Educated.B解析：词义猜测题。第一段介绍了许多美国老师饲养教室宠物的原因是helpstudentslearnresponsibility和reducestress，而由画线词前But一词的转折以及下文介绍theDurangoSchoolDistrictinColoradobeganfollowingano­petpolicy(政策)可知，有些人认为宠物应该“被赶出”教室。2．WhathashappenedinDurangoschools?A．Classroompetsarenotallowed.B．Animalsarenotallowedatschools.C．Manyteachershavepetswithoutfur.D．Manystudentsareallergictoanimals.A解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的theDurangoSchoolDistrictinColoradobeganfollowingano­petpolicy(政策)和NowanimalscanbebroughtintoDurangoschoolsforcertainlessons,buttheycan’tstay.可知，该地所有实施无宠物政策，除非有特殊需求，动物不得带入。即不允许教室里饲养宠物。3．WhatdoesD’LasiaMaysthinkofElliot?A．Heneedsspecialtraining.B．Heneedsmorepropercare.C．Hehaseducationalvalueforkids.D．Heisnotonlylovelybutverysmart.C解析：推理判断题。由D’LasiaMays说教室里有宠物的益处afunwaytolearnaboutanimals...usedhimtoteachusaboutdifferentsubjects和helpkidslearnhowtoworkasateam可知，她认为教室宠物Elliot对孩子们来说有教育价值。4．Whoisagainsthavingclassroompets?A．Theauthor.B．LisaRobbins.C．PatrickMcKinney.D．D’LasiaMays’teacher.C解析：推理判断题。由PatrickMcKinney所表达的对于饲养教室宠物的观点takeawayvaluableclasstime...ahardtimefocusingontheteacher和causesafetyproblems可知，他反对饲养教室宠物。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空Itwasaround5amonaSaturdaymorningwhenmywife’swaters(羊水)broke.Shewasgoingtogivebirthtoachild.Itwasthefirstdayofher__1__.Shehadjustsaidgoodbyetoherbusyworkand__2__togetseveraldays’restbeforethebaby’sbirth.However,thebaby__3__herplan.Wegottothe__4__at5：30amThen,intheafternoon,Iheardloudhighnoisesandwordsof__5__to“push”.Around3：30pmthatday,ourbabywasborn.Birthisa__6__process.I’msurenooneknowsmoreaboutthatthanmothers.Butevenforthebaby,itisdifficult.However,thereisavaluablelessonto__7__.“Achievingdreamsisneverapainlessprocess.Itisthe__8__andpainoftheundesirablepositionweareinthat__9__ustoreachouttosomethingbetter.”Imaginewhatwould__10__ifthebirthingprocesswas__11__painless.Themothermaynotpush—therewillbenothingmotivating(激励)hertopush.Thepainisamotivating__12__.Becauseitisthedesireto__13__thepainasquicklyaspossiblethatforceshertopush.__14__，thepainplaysanimportantroleinmakingourdreamsetrue.Ifwearehappyor__15__withourpresentsituation,wewillnot“push”to__16__ourdreams.Therewillbenomotivationtopush__17__wedon’tfeelthepain.Itisinterestingthatmostthingsweneedtodoinordertomoveforwardeventually__18__pain.Therefore,painisgood.Itisthesigntoremindusthatsomethingiswrongandweshoulddosomethingtochangeoursituation.Don’tlosesightofitortrytocoveritup.__19__itandweneedtake__20__．【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从妻子分娩的痛苦经历中得出了一个人生道理——孕育并实现梦想同样需要经历痛苦，这是激励人们改变现状的动力。1．A.study B．examC．treatment D．leaveD解析：根据上文中的Itwasthefirstday...以及下文中的saidgoodbyetoherbusywork...可知，作者妻子第一天“休假”。2．A.failed B．decidedC．refused D．happenedB解析：根据上文中的Shehadjustsaidgoodbyetoherbusywork...可知，作者的妻子“决定”休息几天。3．A.announced B．developedC．agreed D．changedD解析：根据上文的作者妻子想要休息几天却即将分娩可知，孩子“改变”了她的计划。4．A.school B．hospitalC．pany D．factoryB解析：根据上文的Itwasaround5amonaSaturdaymorning...以及．..Shewasgoingtogivebirthtoachild.可知，他们在早上五点半到达“医院”。5．A.encouragement B．laughterC．appreciation D．mentA解析：根据上文作者的妻子即将分娩以及语境可知，作者听到的是尖叫声，以及医护人员的“鼓励声”。6．A.popular B．pleasantC．painful D．naturalC解析：根据下文的Butevenforthebaby,itisdifficult.及常识可知，生孩子是一个“痛苦的”过程。7．A.learn B．researchC．offer D．designA解析：根据下文中的Achievingdreamsisneverapainlessprocess.以及语境可知，作者从这件事中“学会了”一个珍贵的道理。8．A.disability B．dislikeC．disagreement D．disfortD解析：根据上文中的Achievingdreamsisneverapainlessprocess.可知，正是因为我们的处境中的“不适”和痛苦才迫使我们想要变得更好。9．A.forbid B．forceC．allow D．wantB解析：根据语境以及上下文可知，正是因为我们的处境中的不适和痛苦才“迫使”我们想要变得更好。10．A.lose B．fallC．happen D．repeatC解析：根据下文中的Themothermaynotpush—therewillbenothingmotivating(激励)hertopush.可知，此处表达的是设想一下会“发生”什么。11．A.directly B．suddenlyC．truly D．pletelyD解析：根据上文的内容及语境可知，此处表达想象一下如果分娩过程是“完全”无痛的那会怎么样？12．A.factor B．storyC．influence D．processA解析：根据下文中的．..thatforceshertopush.可知，痛苦就是一个激励的“因素”。13．A.end B．feelC．show D．describeA解析：根据上文可知，痛苦是一个具有激励作用的因素，是因为正是渴望尽快“结束”这种痛苦才会迫使作者的妻子去使劲用力。14．A.Firstly B．FortunatelyC．Similarly D．ShortlyC解析：根据下文中的．..thepainplaysanimportantroleinmakingourdreamsetrue.以及作者由分娩引申到孕育梦想可知，此处为“同样地”。15．A.disappointed B．satisfiedC．impressed D．familiarB解析：根据下文中的．..wewillnot“push”．..可知，如果我们对现状感到“满意”。16．A.imagine B．expressC．record D．realizeD解析：根据上文中的Achievingdreamsisneverapainlessprocess.可知，如果满足于现状，就不会努力去“实现”梦想。17．A.though B．ifC．until D．butB解析：根据上下文以及语意可知，“如果”我们感觉不到痛苦，就不会有努力的动力。18．A.suffer B．stopC．cause D．experienceC解析：根据下文中的Therefore,painisgood.Itisthesign...tochangeoursituation.可知，有时候为了前进，我们做的一些事情最终会“带来”痛苦。19．A.Notice B．BelieveC．Track D．ControlA解析：根据上文中的Don’tlosesightofitortrytocoveritup.可知，我们应该“注意”到它。20．A.time B．notesC．photos D．actionD解析：根据上文中的．..dosomethingtochangeoursituation.Don’tlosesightofitortrytocoveritup.可知，我们应该注意到它并采取“行动”。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)语法填空Evenifyou’veneverbeentoKenya,chancesarethatyouknowwhatitlookslike.Kenya’ssavanna(热带草原)isthescenery1.____________manypeoplewouldthinkofwhentheytalkaboutAfrica.MostKenyansliveinthehighlands,whereNairobi,thecapital,sitsat2.____________altitudeof5，500feet.InKenya,morethan60