初三10月月考英语解析-2021-2022北京市一零一中学

初三年级10月月考2021-2022学年北京101中学英语试卷本试卷共两部分，共50题，满分80分，考试时间90分钟。一、单项填空（每题0.5分，共6分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Mrs.Brownisverynice.Alltheteenagerslike________.A.it B.him C.her D.them【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：布朗夫人太好了。所有的青少年都喜欢她。考查代词辨析。it它；him他；her她；them他们。此空指代前文提到的Mrs,Brown，女性，故选C。2.MybrotherwillgotoWuhanonbusiness________December.A.in B.at C.on D.by【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：我哥哥要在12月份去武汉出差。考查介词辨析。in在较长时间；at在某一时刻；on在具体某一天或某一天的早晨，上午，晚上；by到……为止。根据December可知，此处指在某月，月份较长时间。故选A。3.—________shallwemeetfortheschooltrip?—At8:00o’clockinthemorning.A.Why B.Where C.How D.When【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：——学校旅行我们什么时候见面？——早晨8点。考查特殊疑问句。Why为什么；Where哪里；How怎样；When何时。根据回答“At8:00o’clockinthemorning.”可知对时间的询问，用When引导的特殊疑问句。故选D。4.—Tim,________youplayice-hockey?—Yes,Ican.A.can B.should C.must D.need【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：——Tim，你会打冰球吗？——是的，我会。考查情态动词。can能够；should应该；must必须；need需要。根据回答“Yes,Ican.”可知问句是Can引导的一般疑问句，此处can表能力。故选A。5.Thereisnopublictransportationnow,________you’llhavetowalkhome.A.or B.so C.but D.for【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：现在没有公共交通工具了，所以你将不得不走回家了。考查并列连词辨析。or否则；so所以；but但是；for因为。分析两句的逻辑，可知后一句表结果，应该用so连接，故选B。6.Roseis________thananyothergirlinherclass.A.popular B.morepopularC.themostpopular D.mostpopular【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：Rose在班上比其他任何一个女孩都受欢迎。考查形容词比较级。根据than可知，此空用形容词比较级。故选B。7.—Sam,whereisyourbrother?—He________hisfriendinthestudynow.A.called B.calls C.iscalling D.willcall【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：——萨姆，你哥哥呢？——他正在书房给他的朋友打电话呢。考查动词时态。根据now和上文正在找人，可知此处用现在进行时表示“正做某事”，结构为bedoing，故选C。8.—Whatdidyoudolastweekend?—I________UniversalStudiosBeijing(环球影城)withmyfriends.A.visit B.werevisiting C.visited D.havevisited【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：——上周末你做了什么？——我和朋友们参观了北京环球影城考查时态。根据“Whatdidyoudolastweekend?”可知，回答应用一般过去时，动词用过去式；故选C。9.—Sam,whatdoyousometimesdoonSaturday?—I________exercisewithmycousins.A.did B.willdo C.do D.amdoing【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：——山姆，你周六有时候会做什么？——我和我的堂兄弟们一起锻炼。考查一般现在时。根据问句“whatdoyousometimesdoonSaturday”可知，问句时态为一般现在时，回答时也应使用一般现在时，所以使用do。故选C。10.MysisterMary________Frenchforthreeyears.Sheismuchbetteratitnow.A.learned B.learns C.willlearn D.haslearned【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：我妹妹玛丽学法语已经三年了。她现在更擅长了。考查时态。根据“forthreeyears”可知，句子要用现在完成时，结构是“have/has+过去分词”，故选D。11.InthestoryAChristmasCarol,Marleywasmean,sohe________afterhedied.A.punished B.waspunished C.ispunished D.punishes【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：在故事《圣诞颂歌》中，马利很刻薄，所以他死后被惩罚了。考查被动语态。punish意为“惩罚”，和主语he之间构成被动关系，应该用被动语态。根据从句“afterhedied”用了一般过去时，可知此处也用一般过去时。被动语态一般过去时的结构为was/weredone，故选B。12.—Couldyoutellme________?—Youcangotothetownlibrary.A.whereIcangetsomeinformationaboutthetownB.wherecanIgetsomeinformationaboutthetownC.whereIcouldgetsomeinformationaboutthetownD.wherecouldIgetsomeinformationaboutthetown【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：——你能告诉我我在哪儿能获得关于这个小镇的信息吗？——你可以去小镇图书馆。考查宾语从句。分析句子成分可知横线处为宾语从句，语序应为陈述语序，所以排除B、D；主句中could表委婉语气而不是过去时，根据主句时态为一般现在时，可知从句正常用一般现在时即可，故选A。二、完形填空(每题1分，共10分)阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。IwasdrivingtothegrocerystoreonawarmmorninginMay.IsmiledasIwatchedthegoldensunshinereflectingofftheleaves.Itwassucha____13____andheavenlytime.Mycalmwasbroken,though,asIroundedacurve(拐弯处).AhugeUHaultruckwascomingmywayseveralfeetoverthecenterline.IchangedthedirectionasquicklyontothesideoftheroadasIcouldto____14____it.ItwasfollowedbynotonebuttwootherUHaultrucksjustasthesame____15____.Iwonderedifallthestuffinsideofthembelongedtothesameperson.Isloweddownmycarandwaitedformyheartrateto____16____.ItwasthenthatI____17____aselfstoragebusinessalongthesideofthehighway,buildingnewunitsforallthepeoplewhocouldn’tfittheirbelongingsintotheirhouses.Isawa(n)____18____couplecarryingboxesintooneoftheunits.Itseemedstrangethatacouplejustoutoftheirteenscouldalreadyhavetoomuchstuff.Ilostmyown____19____forowningstuffwhenahousefireinthemiddleofthenightdestroyedeverythingmyfamilyowned.TheonlythingIhadleftwastheunderwearIwaswearing.Yet,ourwholefamilyhadawakenedintimetoescape.Intheweeksthatfollowed,friendsandfamilygaveusalotofstufftogetusbackonourfeet,butnoneofitseemedasmeaningfulanymore.WhatwasimportantwasseeingMom’ssmile,givingNanaahugandakiss,andwatchingDadsnooze(打盹)inhischairafterahardday’swork.Whatwasimportantwasthestuffofsoul,notthestuffofthisworld.SincethenIhavetriedtolimitthethingsIwould____20____.Ididn’twanttoomuchstufftocrowdupmylife.IwantedtoonlybuywhatIneededandtospendmydaysinlearning,growing,and____21____myfamilyandothers.IbelievedthatonlybydoingsocouldImakemy____22____.13.A.peaceful B.delightful C.refreshing D.energetic14.A.refuse B.miss C.forget D.desert15.A.useful B.large C.new D.good16.A.beat B.feel C.follow D.hit17.A.did B.thought C.noticed D.built18.A.young B.old C.middleaged D.small19.A.control B.taste C.trust D.talent20.A.need B.donate C.waste D.own21.A.helping B.complaining C.loving D.accepting22.A.name B.way C.world D.day【答案】13.A14.B15.B16.C17.C18.A19.B20.D21.C22.D【解析】【分析】本文是作者通过自己的经历以及所见所闻而得出了一个感悟：家里无需添置太多的东西，这些都是身外之物，花费时间学习，爱护家人，这才是快乐的真谛。【13题详解】句意：那是一段如此宁静和天堂般的时光。peaceful平静的；delightful令人愉快的；refreshing提神的；energetic精力充沛的。根据“IsmiledasIwatchedthegoldensunshinereflectingofftheleaves”及“Mycalmwasbroken”可知，看到金色的阳光反射在树叶上感到很宁静，故选A。【14题详解】句意：我以最快的速度改变方向，把车开到路边，以免错过它。refuse拒绝；miss错过；forget忘记；desert离弃。根据“AhugeUHaultruckwascomingmywayseveralfeetoverthecenterline”可知，作者迅速改变车的方向是为了错过它，故选B。【15题详解】句意：紧随其后的不是一辆，而是两辆同样大的U型运货卡车。useful有用的；large大的；new新的；good好的。根据“AhugeUHaultruck”可知，紧接着跟上来两辆同样大的卡车，故选B。【16题详解】句意：我放慢了车速，等着我的心率跟上来。bear忍受；feel感觉；follow跟随；hit袭击。刚才的场景让作者心跳加速，放慢车速是为了让心率跟上来，故选C。【17题详解】句意：就在那时，我注意到高速公路边上有一家自助仓库公司，专门为那些无法将物品放入家中的人建造新的仓库。did做；thought认为；noticed注意到；built建立。根据“aselfstoragebusinessalongthesideofthehighway”可知，注意到高速公路边有一家仓库公司，故选C。【18题详解】句意：我看到一对年轻夫妇搬着箱子进了一个单元。young年轻的；old年老的；middleaged中年的；talent有才能的。根据“Itseemedstrangethatacouplejustoutoftheirteens”可知，这是一对年轻的夫妇，故选A。【19题详解】句意：我失去了自己拥有东西的兴趣，因为一场房子在半夜着火，毁掉了我家人所有的一切。control控制；taste兴趣；trust信任；talent才能。根据“whenahousefireinthemiddleofthenightdestroyedeverythingmyfamilyowned”可知，当所有的东西因为一场火毁于一旦时，作者对拥有的东西失去了兴趣，故选B。【20题详解】句意：从那以后，我一直在努力限制我想要拥有的东西。need需要；donate捐赠；waste浪费；own拥有。根据“Ididn’twanttoomuchstufftocrowdupmylife”及“IwantedtoonlybuywhatIneeded”可知，限制自己拥有的东西，故选D。【21题详解】句意：我只想买我需要的东西，把时间花在学习、成长、爱我的家人和其他人上。helping帮助；complaining抱怨；loving喜爱；accepting接受。根据“tospendmydaysinlearning,growing,and…myfamilyandothers”可知，此处指爱护家人，故选C。【22题详解】句意：我相信，只有这样做，我才能让我高兴。name名字；way方法；world世界；day天。makeone’sday：让某人高兴，固定搭配，故选D。三、阅读理解(每题2分，共34分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。ATipsforbeingasuper-organizedstudentPosted2hoursagobyAmyIhavealwaysadmiredstudentswhohandintheirhomeworkontimeandneverforgettodoit.Me,ontheotherhand...OK,Iadmit.I’mterribleatgettingmyselforganized!SoIwaswondering,whatareyourtipsforgettingorganized?Postyourtipsbelow.Thanks!CommentsGloria:25May,2021-09:36RecentlyI’vestartedkeepingasmallstudydiary.IwritedowneverythingIneedtodoandwhenitneedstobedoneby.ThenIwriteareminderafewdaysbeforethedatejustincase.It’shelping.Amy:Thanks,Gloria!Iagree.Nick:25May,2021-08:33Themostimportantthingistostartstudyingafewweeksbeforetheexamsandnotleaveituntilthenightbefore!That’sjustcommonsense,Ithink.Amy:Nicetip.Thanks,Nick.Leo:25May,2021-08:06Hi!Amy.Mytipistohaveabignoticeboardinyourbedroom,dividedintodifferentsections.I’vegotone.It’sawhiteboard.I’vegotasectionforeachschoolsubjectandanotheroneforotherstuff.IuseboardpenstowriteremindersandImakesureIlookatiteveryday.ThebestpartiswhenIerasesomethingfromtheboard!Amy:Greattip.I’vegotaboard.I’lltrytouseitinthesameway.Thanks,Leo.23.Amystartedtheposttoget________.A.tipsonhowtobewellorganized B.commentsonherhomeworkC.suggestionsonnotforgettingthings D.adviceonhowtodoherhomework24.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Gloriawasthefirsttogivecomments.B.Nickthoughtitthemostimportanttostudyhardthenightbeforetheexam.C.Amydidn’tagreewithwhatLeosaid.D.Gloriawrotedownthingssheneededtodoinastudydiary.25.WhatdidLeomeanbysaying“ThebestpartiswhenIerasesomethingfromtheboard!”?A.Thethingsheerasesarethebestpart.B.Heisgoodatcleaningthenoticeboard.C.Heenjoysthemomentwhenthetasksarecompleted.D.Hefeelsexcitedwhenfinishingthemostdifficulttask.【答案】23.A24.D25.C【解析】【分析】本文是艾米在网上发布的一则求助帖，问大家怎么变得有条理，文章列出了三个人的回复。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据“SoIwaswondering,whatareyourtipsforgettingorganized?Postyourtipsbelow”，可知她想得到关于如何变得有条理的建议，故选A。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据“Gloria...RecentlyI’vestartedkeepingasmallstudydiary.IwritedowneverythingIneedtodo”，可知葛洛莉亚会在学习日记上写下需要做的事情，故选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据前文提及他把要做的事都写在小黑板上，此处说最棒的时候就是他把事情一件一件擦掉时，可知擦掉这个事情就说明事情已经完成了，所以看着事情一件件完成是很开心的，故选C。BOnewet,rainyAprilafternoonMissO’Shay,theprincipal,sentforNancyLeetostopbyherofficeasschoolclosed.Pupilswithoutumbrellasorraincoatscrowdedindoorways,hopingtomakeithomebetweenshowers.Outsidetheskiesweregrey.NancyLee’sthoughtsweresuddenlygrey,too.Shedidnotthinkshehaddoneanythingwrong,yetthattight(紧的)littleknotcameinherthroatjustthesameasshecamenearMissO’Shay’sdoor.Perhapsshehadbangedherlockertoooftenandtoohard.PerhapsthenoteinFrenchshehadwrittentoSalliehalfwayacrossthestudyhalljustforfunhadnevergottoSalliebutintoMissO’Shay’shandsinstead.SheknockedonMissO’Shay’sdoor.Afamiliarvoicesaid,“Comein.”MissO’Shayhadawayofmakingyoufeelwelcome,evenifyoucametobepunished.“Sitdown,NancyLeeJohnson,”saidMissO’Shay.“Ihavesomethingtotellyou.”NancyLeesatdown.“ButImustaskyoutopromisenottotellanyoneyet.”“Iwon’t,MissO’Shay,”NancyLeesaid,wonderingwhatonearththeprincipalhadtosaytoher.“Youareabouttograduate,”MissO’Shaysaid.“Andweshallmissyou.Youhavebeenanexcellentstudent,Nancy,andyouwillnotbewithouthonors(荣誉)ontheseniorlist,asIamsureyouknow.”Atthatpointtherewasalightknockonthedoor.MissO’Shaycalledout,“Comein,”andMissDietrichentered.“MayIbepartofthis,too?”sheasked,tallandsmiling.“Ofcourse”MissO’Shaysaid.“IwasjusttellingNancyLeewhatwethoughtofher.ButIhadn’tgotaroundtogivingherthenews.Perhaps,MissDietrich,you’dliketotellheryourself.”MissDietrichwasalwaysdirect.“NancyLee,”shesaid,“yourpicturehaswontheArtistClubscholarship.”Thebrowngirl’seyeswidened,herheartjumped,thenherthroattightenedagain.Shetriedtosmile,butinsteadtearscametohereyes.“DearNancyLee,”MissO’Shaysaid,“wearesohappyforyou.”TheelderlywhitewomantookherhandandshookitwarmlywhileMissDietrichsmiledwithpride.NancyLeemusthavedancedallthewayhome.Sheneverrememberedquitehowshegottherethroughtherain.Shehopedshehadbeencalm.Butcertainlyshehadn’tstoppedtotellanybodyhersecretontheway.Raindrops,smiles,andtearsmingledonherbrownface.Shehopedhermotherhadn’tyetgothomeandthatthehousewasempty.26.HowdidNancyfeelonherwaytoMissO’Shay’soffice?A.Excited. B.Scared. C.Angry. D.Confident.27.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutNancy?A.ShewasMissDietrich’sbeststudent.B.Sheusedtobepunishedbytheprincipal.C.Shewouldnevertellanyonehersecret.D.Shewouldtrytohidefeelingsathome.28.Whichisthebesttitleforthisstory?A.ANewStar. B.TheGirl. C.TheNews. D.AYoungArtist.【答案】26.B27.D28.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了校长奥谢小姐叫南希·李到她的办公室来，她怀着紧张的心情来到办公室，结果校长公布了一个好消息，她获得了艺术家俱乐部奖学金。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文中“Shedidnotthinkshehaddoneanythingwrong,yetthattight(紧的)littleknotcameinherthroatjustthesameasshecamenearMissO’Shay’sdoor.”可推理出，南希在去奥谢小姐办公室的路上感觉很害怕。故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文中“Shehopedhermotherhadn’tyetgothomeandthatthehousewasempty.”可推理出，她希望妈妈不在家，南希是希望在家里掩饰情绪。故选D。【28题详解】最佳标题。短文主要讲述了校长奥谢小姐叫南希·李到她的办公室来，她怀着紧张的心情来到办公室，结果校长公布了一个好消息，她获得了艺术家俱乐部奖学金，故文章的最佳标题应是“消息”。故选C。CHaveyoueverwonderedwhatgoesthroughyourmindwhenyouchoosewheretositinanewclassroom?Orinawaitingroomfullofstrangers?Oronabus?Researchershavefoundoutsomeinterestingfacts.Perhapsunsurprisingly,weprefertositclosertopeoplelikeourselves.Girlssitbygirlsandboyssitbyboys.Adultssittogetherandyoungpeoplechooseanotheryoungpersontositnear.Butitgoesfurtherthanthis.Weevenchoosetositnearsomeonewholookslikeus.Peoplewithglassesaremorelikelytositnearotherpeoplewithglasses.Peoplewithlonghairsitclosertootherpeoplewithlonghair.Weseemtobelievethatpeoplewithsimilarhabitsorhobbieswillsharesimilarattitudeandwearemorelikelytobeacceptedbypeoplelikeourselvesoreven,wethinkwemaybesaferwithpeoplewholooklikeus.Sometimesthat’struebutit'sapityifwealwayssticktothesamepeople,thesamegroup.Thedangerinalwaysstayinginourcomfortzone(舒适区)isthatwejustrecyclethesameopinions,thesametastesandthesameideas.Welosethechancetolearnsomethingnew,findoutaboutinterestingthings,hearfunnystoriesanddiscoverdifference.
Whenwealwayssticktothesamepeople,howcanweeverbreakdownthebarrierswhichpreventusfromgettingtoknowpeoplewithdifferentideas?Andhowcanweavoidtheignorance(无知),whichtoooftenleadstoprejudice(偏见)andevenfear?Ifinsteadyouwanttoliveinasocietythatopenstochangesandnewthingsanddifferentopinions,bethecatamongthepigeons.Moveoutofyourcomfortzone.Goandsitnexttosomeonedifferent.Anddon'tjustsitthereinsilence.Sayhello.Askaquestion.Startaconversation.That’showwemakefriends.That’showwelearnaboutpeople.That’showweopenourmindstonewideas.That'showweliveanexcitinglife.29.Fromthepassage,weknowthatpeopleprefersittingbysomeonewho________.A.islikethemselvesB.hasasenseofhumorC.isopen-mindedD.livesanexcitinglife30.Peoplelikestayingintheircomfortzonebecausetheymay________.A.remaincomfortableandspecialB.beacceptedeasilyandfeelsafeC.findoutmoreinterestingthingsD.discoverdifferencesamongthemselves31.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Totellusjusttobeourselvesinsociallife.B.Tointroducewaystolearnabouttheworld.C.Toexplainhowpeoplecommunicatewithothers.D.Toencourageustomeetpeopleofdifferentkinds.【答案】29.A30.B31.D【解析】【分析】本文叙述了我们经常和熟悉的人坐在一起，文章最后鼓励大家和不熟悉的人坐在一起。【29题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句Perhapsunsurprisingly,weprefertositclosertopeoplelikeourselves.也许不出所料，我们更喜欢坐得离像我们自己的人近一些。故选A。【30题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段第一句Weseemtobelievethatpeoplewithsimilarhabitsorhobbieswillsharesimilarattitudesandwearemorelikelytobeacceptedbypeoplelikeourselvesoreven,wethinkwemaybesaferwithpeoplewholooklikeus.我们似乎相信有相似习惯或爱好的人会有相似的态度，我们更容易被和自己相似的人所接受，甚至，我们认为和和自己相似的人在一起会更安全。故选B。【31题详解】主旨大意题。由文章的最后一段总结话语：Moveoutofyourcomfortzone.及最后一段的内容可知，文章的目的是鼓励大家走出去接触更多不同于自己的人。故选D。DApopularsayinggoes,“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones,butwordswillneverhurtme.”However,that’snotreallytrue.Wordshavethepowertobuildusuporknockusdown.Itdoesn’tmatterifthewordscomefromsomeoneelseorourselves—thepositiveandnegativeeffectsarejustaslasting.Wealltalktoourselvessometimes.We’reusuallytooshytoadmitit,though.Infact,moreandmoreexpertsbelievetalkingtoourselvesoutloudisahealthyhabit.This“self-talk”helpsusencourageourselves,rememberthings,solveproblems,andcalmourselvesdown.Beaware,though,thatasmuchas77%ofself-talktendstobenegative.Soinordertostaypositive,weshouldonlyspeakwordsofencouragementtoourselves.Weshouldalsobequicktogiveourselvesapatontheback.Thenexttimeyoufinishaproject,dowellinatest,orfinallycleanyourroom,joinmeinsaying“Goodjob!”Often,wordscomeoutofourmouthswithoutthinkingabouttheeffecttheywillhave.Butweshouldbeawarethatourwordscausecertainresponsesinothers.Forexample,whenreturninganitemtoastore,wemightusewarm,friendlylanguageduringtheexchange.Andtheclerkwillprobablyrespondinasimilarmanner.Orharsh(刻薄的)andcriticallanguagewillmostlikelycausetheclerktobedefensive.Wordshavepowerbecauseoftheirlastingeffect.Manyofusregretsomethingweoncesaid.Andwerememberunkindwordssaidtous!Beforespeaking,weshouldalwaysaskourselves:Isitloving?Isitneeded?Ifwhatwewanttosaydoesn’tpassthistest,thenit’sbetterleftunsaid.Wordshavepower:bothpositiveandnegative.Thosearoundusreceiveencouragementwhenwespeakpositively.Wecanofferhope,buildself-esteem(自尊)andencourageotherstodotheirbest.Negativewordsdestroyallthosethings.Willweuseourwordstohurtortoheal?Thechoiceisours.32.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat________.A.negativewordsmayletusdown B.positivewordsgiveusconfidenceC.wordshavealastingeffectonus D.nothingbutwordswillhurtus33.Thereisnoneedforustofeelshywhenwetalktoourselvesbecause________.A.talkingtoourselvesalwaysgivesuscourageB.wecanbenefitfromtalkingtoourselvesC.itdoesnoharmtohave“self-talk”whenwearealoneD.almosteverybodyhasthehabitoftalkingtothemselves34.Theunderlinedpart“giveourselvesapatontheback”inthethirdparagraphmeans________.A.remindourselves B.amazeourselvesC.relaxourselves D.praiseourselves35.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat________.A.peoplewillalwaysremembertobefriendlyB.itisbettertothinktwicebeforetalkingtoothersC.negativewordsmayhelpusmakemoreprogressD.encouragingwordssurelyleadtokindoffers【答案】32.C33.B34.D35.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了一个观点：语言是有力的，但它可能有积极作用，也可能有消极作用，我们应该明智地使用语言。【32题详解】段落主旨题。通读整段，再根据“Itdoesn’tmatterifthewordscomefromsomeoneelseorourselves—thepositiveandnegativeeffectsarejustaslasting”，可知该段主要在论述语言对我们的影响是持久的，故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据“Infact,moreandmoreexpertsbelievetalkingtoourselvesoutloudisahealthyhabit”，可知“自说自话”对我们是有好处的，故选B。【34题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文“Thenexttimeyoufinishaproject,dowellinatest,orfinallycleanyourroom,joinmeinsaying‘Goodjob!’”举例是在说做得好时要多鼓励自己，可推测此处表示要“自我表扬”，故选D。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据“Beforespeaking,weshouldalwaysaskourselves:Isitloving?Isitneeded?Ifwhatwewanttosaydoesn’tpassthistest,thenit’sbetterleftunsaid”，可知作者建议我们在和别人说什么之前一定要深思熟虑后再说出口，故选B。ECommunicationtheoryoftenstresseshowspeakersshouldpresenttheirmaterial.However,listenersplaythesameimportantrole.Someofthemfocusintentlyonthespeaker,whileothersdaydreamorwhispertoaneighbor.Whatmakesthesetwokindsoflistenersdifferent?Generallyspeaking,effectivelistenershavediscoveredthebenefitsofpayingcloseattention.Nothavingexperiencedtherewardsofpayingcloseattention,ineffectivelistenerscontinuetowonderwhytheycan’trememberwhatthey“heard”orwhytheydopoorlyontests.Howdoeffectivelistenersmanagetopaycloseattention?Firstofall,theyavoidlettingpoorenvironments,likeanuncomfortableseat,apersonalproblem,orthespeaker’smanners,distract(使分心)them.Instead,they“tuneout”anythingthatwillkeepthemfromunderstandingandrememberingwhattheyhear.Afterleavingalectureormeeting,theyrememberwhatwassaid,nottheroomconditionsorthepoordeliveryofthespeaker.Ontheotherhand,ineffectivelistenerswhothinktheyarepayingattentiontothemessagecanbeeasilydaydreaming.Inordertoresistprobabledistractions,effectivelistenersactivelybutobjectivelyfocusonthemessageitself.Theydonotprejudgethespeakerasrepresentinganoppositeviewpoint,nordotheyprejudgethematerialasboring,tooeasy,ortoodifficult.Effectivelistenersacceptthechallengeofnewideas.Tohelpthemselvesbecomeactivelyconcernedwiththespeaker’smessage,effectivelistenerswritedownimportantwordsandphrasesasareminderofdifficultideas.Ineffectivelistenersrejecttheoreticalmaterial;theymaypretendtolistenbutdaydreaminsteadtoavoidhearingwhattheydon’tagreewithorreadilyunderstand.Moreover,ratherthandealingwithmeaningitself,ineffectivebutwell-intentionedlistenersmightbesoconcernedwithtakingalotofnotesthattheymissthespeaker’smainidea.Theselistenersleaveaspeechoraclasswithanotebookfullofwordsthatarenotconnectedbyanyconceptualframeworkandthereforemeanlittlewhenreferredtolaterforatestorotherpurposes.Clearly,acertainamountofeffortisconcernedwithlisteningactively,objectively,andopenlytonewideas.Butasthateffortbeginstopayoffforineffectivelisteners,theytoowilldevelopthisskillasabeneficiallifelonghabit.36.Theunderlinedphrase“tuneout”means________.A.dealwith B.thinkaboutC.pickout D.paynoattentionto37.Inordernottobedistracted,effectivelistenerscandofollowingthingsEXCEPT________.A.objectivelyfocusingonthemessageB.acceptingthechallengeofnewideasC.tryingtocopyeverywordofthespeakerD.avoidingprejudgingthespeakerorthelevelofthematerial38.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisclosetothewriter’sopinion?A.Listenersshouldacceptthenewideasandwritedownimportantwords.B.Listenerscandaydreamtoavoidhearingwhattheydon’tunderstand.C.Listenerswilldeveloplisteningskillsiftheycopyallthewordsthespeakersaid.D.Listenersmayrememberwhatwassaidiftheyprejudgethespeaker’sviewpoint.39.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto________.A.pointouttheresultofeffectivelisteningB.discussthemethodswhichweusedbyavarietyoflistenersC.explainthedifferencesbetweeneffectiveandineffectivelistenersD.describethelisteninghabitsofpoorlisteners【答案】36.D37.C38.A39.C【解析】【分析】文章讲述了传播理论经常讨论说话者应该如何陈述他们材料。听众也扮演着同样重要的角色，陈述了有效听众与无效听众之间的区别。【36题详解】词义猜测题。根据“Howdoeffectivelistenersmanagetopaycloseattention...they“tuneout”anythingthatwillkeepthemfromunderstandingandrememberingwhattheyhear.”可知，有效的听众会忽略任何会让他们无法理解和记住他们听到的东西，所以短语“tuneout”指的是“不注意，忽略”，故选D。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据“Moreover...Theselistenersleaveaspeechoraclasswithanotebookfullofwordsthatarenotconnectedbyanyconceptualframework”可知，无效听众会可能不处理意义本身，而是太在意做大量笔记，以至于错过了说话者的主要想法，并且在笔记本上面写满了没有任何概念框架联系的单词，因此这是一个有效听众不会做的事情，故选C。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据“Tohelpthemselvesbecomeactivelyconcernedwiththespeaker’smessage,effectivelistenerswritedownimportantwordsandphrasesasareminderofdifficultideas.”可知，听者应该接受新的想法并写下重要的单词，故选A。【39题详解】主旨大意题。根据“Generallyspeaking...whytheycan’trememberwhatthey“heard”orwhytheydopoorlyontests.”以及整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍有效听众与无效听众之间的差别，故选C。四、阅读表达(每题2分，共10分)阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。Doyouwanttoknowhowstraight-Astudentsfromfamousuniversitieslearn?BenjaminMcEvoy,whostudiedatUniversityofOxford,sharedhislearningmethodsonUSquestion-and-answerwebsiteQuora,whichhasbeen“liked”morethan447,000times.Histipsmayhelpyoutolearnbetter.GotoyourlecturesForthefirsttwoyearsofOxford,Iwenttomaybefourlecturesoutofhundreds.Iwasarrogant,foolishandlazy.Inmythirdyear,Iwenttoalmosteverysinglelectureavailable.ButmymindchangedwhenIactuallywenttolectures.First,lecturesarefun!Ifoundsomanygemsthatinfluencedmythinking.Manypassionatespeakersgotmeexcitedaboutthetopic.Second,theyaresohelpfulthatIhaverememberedmorestuff!Anhourinthelecturehallhashugereturnsoninvestment(投入).BeanactivestudentFormyfirstyearatOxford,Ihardlysaidanythingintutorials(辅导课)andIdidn’tvolunteerindiscussions.Somyunderstandingsofdifferenttextsnevermatured(成熟)orbecamecomplex.Then,somewhereinthemiddleofmysecondyear,Igotovermyselfandofferedmoreofmyownopinions.Irespondedtoothers,askedthoughtfulquestionsandinteracted(互动)waymore.StudyinsmallchunksWhenyoustructureyourstudying,themostimportanttaskistoensureyouarerememberingtheinformationyouhavealreadylearned.Inordertoimproveyourretention(记忆力)andtakeinmoreinformation,youneedtobreakyourstudyingupintomanageableblocks(notstudyingnewinformationforhoursonend)andreviewwhatyou’vepreviouslylearnedineachnewblock.40.WhosharedhislearningmethodsonUSquestion-and-answerwebsiteQuora?________________41.HowmanylecturesdidhegoforinhisthirdyearofOxford?________________42.Whatdidhethinkoflectures?________________43.Whendidhegetoverhimselfandoffermoreofhisownopinions?________________44.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?________________【答案】40.BenjaminMcEvoy.41.Almosteverysinglelectureavailable.42.They’refunandhelpful.43.Inthemiddleofhissecondyear.44.BenjaminMacEvoy’stipsonhowtolearnbetter./BenjaminMacEvoy’slearningmethodsatUniversityofOxford.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，通过一位牛津大学的学生的自述给大家分享了一些好的学习方法。【40题详解】根据“BenjaminMcEvoy,whostudiedatUniversityofOxford,sharedhislearningmethodsonUSquestion-and-answerwebsiteQuora”，可知是BenjaminMcEvoy分享的，故填BenjaminMcEvoy。【41题详解】根据“Inmythirdyear,Iwenttoalmosteverysinglelectureavailable”，可知第三年他几乎去了每一个能去的讲座，故填Almosteverysinglelectureavailable。【42题详解】根据“First,lecturesarefun”和“Second,theyaresohelpfulthatIhaverememberedmorestuff”，可知他认为讲座又有趣又有用，故填They’refunandhelpful。【43题详解】根据“Then,somewhereinthemiddleofmysecondyear,Igotovermyselfandofferedmoreofmyownopinions”，可知在第二学年中期，他开始发表更多自己的观点，故填Inthemiddleofhissecondyear。【44题详解】根据“BenjaminMcEvoy,whostudiedatUniversityofOxford,sharedhislearningmethodsonUSquestion-and-answerwebsiteQuora”，可知文章主要是本杰明根据自身在牛津大学的学习经历分享的一些好的学习方法，故填BenjaminMacEvoy’stipsonhowtolearnbetter./BenjaminMacEvoy’slearningmethodsatUniversityofOxford.五、短文填空(共5分，每空1分)阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填一个单词，在给出的提示词的空白处用所给词的正确形式填空：Usuallypolitequesti