人教版九年级上学期期中复习指导3-阅读能力的提升课件

explainwhyancientpeoplegaveeachotherchancetokeepalive以偏概全（基于文章推理过头，或者过度概括）WhenwelefttherestaurantIlookedforthegentlemanbutdidn’tseehim,butthatverysmallactjustmademyday.Frightened.everyoneshouldtakethetestcalled“friendshipscore”（2）使用相关的解题技能如规避逻辑陷阱，留意情感色彩，利用文体知识Totellstudentstheeffecttheirpersonalitieshaveonlearning.主要包括，推断细节隐含意义，推断作者的观点或态度，推断写作目的，推断文章的出处，推断上下文。predictthatsimilarenvironmentsleadtofriendshipahealthreport期中复习指导3-阅读能力的提升1题型介绍3题型演练阅读中的推断题2答题方法学习目标本节课结束后，你将能够：（1）了解阅读推断题型常见的题设方式；（2）使用相关的解题技能如规避逻辑陷阱，留意情感色彩，利用文体知识

等方法进行规范答题；（3）通过练习内化巩固答题方法。要求考生在理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实的基础上，领悟作者的言外之意，得出符合作者意愿的结论。主要包括，推断细节隐含意义，推断作者的观点或态度，推断写作目的，推断文章的出处，推断上下文。题型介绍ahealthreportpredictthatsimilarenvironmentsleadtofriendshipourgenesdecidewhowecanmakefriendswithInancienttimes,itwasimportantthatpeoplewhowerealikestayedtogether.What’sthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?等方法进行规范答题；Thismayinfluencethetreatmenteffect.Twotypesoftestsarecommonlyusedinmodernschools.答题方法-写作目的推断期中复习指导3-阅读能力的提升答题方法-细节推断推断细节隐含意义：常见的设题形式如，Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat…Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat…针对细节推断，需要沿着查读细节→分析语义→推理判断的步骤，重点排除以下错误：

以偏概全（基于文章推理过头，或者过度概括）

偷梁换柱（看似使用文章词语，实际相去甚远）

无中生有（部分内容纯属捏造）答题方法-细节推断

DoesScroogehavealotoffriends?Whyorwhynot?

AChristmasCarolisafamousshortnovelwrittenbyCharlesDickens.ItisaboutanoldmannamedScroogewhoneverlaughsorsmiles.Heismeanandonlythinksabouthimself.Hedoesn’ttreatothersnicely.HejustcaresaboutwhetherhecanmakemoremoneyandhehatesChristmas…答题方法-细节推断

DoesScroogehavealotoffriends?Whyorwhynot?No.BecauseScroogeneverlaughsorsmiles.Heismeanandonlythinksabouthimself.Hedoesn’ttreatothersnicely.Heonlycaresaboutwhetherhecanmakemoremoney.Nobodywouldliketomakefriendswithsuchkindofperson.答题方法-细节推断Accordingtothepassage,thewriterprobablyagrees_______.wedevelopourfriendshipbychanceourgenesdecidewhowecanmakefriendswitheveryoneshouldtakethetestcalled“friendshipscore”peoplesharingcertaingeneshaveskillsandinterestsincommon答题方法-细节推断wedevelopourfriendshipbychance…AstudybyYaleUniversityhasfoundthatyouandyourfriendshavemoregenesincommonthanstrangersdo.Researcherslookedatthegenesof1,932peopleandcomparedtheminpairsofunrelatedfriendsandstrangers.Theyfoundthatfriendshave1%ofgenesthatmatch.×偷梁换柱答题方法-细节推断B.ourgenesdecidewhowecanmakefriendswith…Withtheirfindings,theteamhasdevelopedaninterestingtestcalledthe“friendshipscore”.Itcanhelptellhowbigthechancesarethattwopeoplewillbefriendsbystudyingtheirgenes.×以偏概全答题方法-细节推断C.Everyoneshouldtakethetestcalled“friendshipscore”So,hereisaquestionforyou:wouldyouliketotakethistestandknowhowinadvance(提前)whoyourfriendsaregoingtobe,orwouldyoustillprefertolearnaboutitbyyourselfandlettimebethejudge?×无中生有答题方法-细节推断D.Peoplesharingcertaingeneshaveskillsandinterestsincommon.Peoplewhosharecertaingenesalsoshareskillsandhavesimilarlikesanddislikes,researcherssaid.Inancienttimes,itwasimportantthatpeoplewhowerealikestayedtogether.√同义转写答题方法-观点态度推断推断观点和态度：常见的设题形式如，Thewriter’sattitudetoward…is…Accordingtotheauthor…针对此类题目，需要圈画表达作者感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子。

说明文中态度：objective,neutral等;议论文中态度：positive,negative,neutral,disapproval,approval,indifferent,critical,optimistic,pessimistic,ironic,admiring等答题方法-观点态度推断

HowdoesScroogefeelwhenhewakesuponChristmasDay?Scroogeseesthatheisdead,butnobodycares.Heissoscaredthathewakesupinhisbedandfindsoutitisonlythenextmorning-ChristmasDay!Hedecidestochangehislifeandpromisestobeabetterperson…Heprobablyfeelsrelievedbecauseitisonlyadream.Hecanmakeupforhismistakesandbecomeabetterperson.答题方法-观点态度推断

Howdidthewriterfeelattheendofthestory?A.Successful.B.Glad.C.Angry.D.Frightened.WhenwelefttherestaurantIlookedforthegentlemanbutdidn’tseehim,butthatverysmallactjustmademyday.Ihopeinsomesmallwaywewereabletoaddsomejoytohislife,evenifonlyforafewminutes.答题方法-写作目的推断推断写作目的：常见的设题形式如，Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?Inwritingthisarticle,theauthorintendsto…Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat…针对此类题目，需要结合全文/段落或者上下文，利用主旨、修辞等角度思考作者的写作目的。

常见的写作目的如，Tointroduce…Toattractreaders’attention…Tocallon…Togiveadvice…Toargueagainst/support…Tosellaproduct/service…答题方法-观点态度推断

ThewritertakestheexampleofancientpeopleinParagraph5to______.studyhowancientpeopledealtwiththecoldpredictthatsimilarenvironmentsleadtofriendshipprovethatitisevolutionthatbringsfriendstogetherexplainwhyancientpeoplegaveeachotherchancetokeepalive答题方法-观点态度推断

Sodoyouhappentobecomefriendswithpeoplewhoshareyourgenes?Notatall.Infact,itisevolution(进化)thatbringsyoutogether.Peoplewhosharecertaingenesalsoshareskillsandhavesimilarlikesanddislikes,researcherssaid.Inancienttimes,itwasimportantthatpeoplewhowerealikestayedtogether.Forexample,peoplewhohadasimilarsusceptibility(易感性)tocoldweremorelikelytohelpeachotherbuildafire,givingthemabetterchancetostayalive.答题方法-观点态度推断

ThewritertakestheexampleofancientpeopleinParagraph5to______.studyhowancientpeopledealtwiththecoldpredictthatsimilarenvironmentsleadtofriendshipprovethatitisevolutionthatbringsfriendstogetherexplainwhyancientpeoplegaveeachotherchancetokeepalive答题方法-写作目的推断What’sthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?Toremindteachersoftheimportanceofgradingproperlyinclass.Totellstudentstheeffecttheirpersonalitieshaveonlearning.Toencourageteacherstokeepstudentsactiveinclass.Toprovidestudentswithwaystoparticipateinclass.答题方法-写作目的推断Teacherscanincreaseclassparticipationbyprovidingdifferentwaysofgradingparticipationthatareacceptabletodifferentpersonalitiesandlearningways.Forexample,theycangivestudentsopportunitiestowritetheirideas.Moreimportantly,teachersshouldcreateclassroomswherestudentswanttolearn.答题方法-写作目的推断What’sthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?Toremindteachersoftheimportanceofgradingproperlyinclass.Totellstudentstheeffecttheirpersonalitieshaveonlearning.Toencourageteacherstokeepstudentsactiveinclass.Toprovidestudentswithwaystoparticipateinclass.答题方法-文章出处推断推断文章出处：常见的设题形式如，Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom…Wherewouldthispassageprobablyappear?

针对此类题目，需要结合主旨与选项中文体的特征做出选择。

常见的文体如，newsreport,advertisement,guidebook,textbook,sciencebook,literature等答题方法-文章出处推断

Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfromapartof_____.A.atourguideB.atraveldiaryC.astudent’sreportD.ahealthreport答题方法-文章出处推断

Whenmywifeleftthisworld,IchosetotravelinAntigualookingforapeacefulplacetorestmyoldbody.Notquiteoldandweak,Ifelt.Iwantedsomethingmorethantheusualhotelroomwith24-hourroomservice.Irentedaboatandcamehomeafteraday’ssailing,refreshed,lookingforwardtodinner.Everythingissopleasantonthesebeautifulislands,sweptbythetradewindsandwarmedbythesunforsomanysummermonths…答题方法-文章出处推断

Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfromapartof_____.A.atourguideB.atraveldiaryC.astudent’sreportD.ahealthreport答题方法-上下文推断推断上下文内容：常见的设题形式如，Thenextparagraphwouldprobablydealwith…Theparagraphbeforethisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss…

针对下文内容的推测，需要基于作者思路，特别留意最后几句话，利用好衔接手段；

针对前文内容的推测，需要关注第一段，特别是开头的几句话，利用好衔接手段。答题方法-上下文推断Thenextparagraphwillprobablydealwith_____.theothertypeofexaminationtheadvantagesoftheobjectivetestexaminationsinancienttimeshowstudentsguessthecorrectanswerwithoutreallyknowingthematerial答题方法-上下文推断…

Generally,however,modernexaminationsarewritten.Twotypesoftestsarecommonlyusedinmodernschools.Thefirsttypessometimescalledanobjective(客观性)test,itisintendedtodealwithfacts,notpersonalopinions.Tomakeupanobjectivetesttheteacherwritesaseriesofquestions,eachofwhichhasonlyonecorrectanswer…答题方法-上下文推断

Fortestingastudent’smemoryoffactsanddetails,theobjectivetesthasadvantages.Itcanfindoutagreatdealaboutthestudent’srangeofknowledge.

Fortestingsomekindsoflearning,however,suchatestisnotverysatisfactory.Aluckystudentmayguessthecorrectanswerwithoutreallyknowingthematerial.答题方法-上下文推断Thenextparagraphwillprobablydealwith_____.theothertypeofexaminationtheadvantagesoftheobjectivetestexaminationsinancienttimeshowstudentsguessthecorrectanswerwithoutreallyknowingthematerial答题方法-词义推断推断词义：常见的设题形式如，Theword…inthepassageprobablymeans…Theunderlinedwordisclosestinmeaningto…对生词的考查针对的是对文中超纲词汇、一词多义、熟词生意等意义的准确理解，这就要求学生通过阅读文章，利用构词法，逻辑词，语义变化等手段对词汇进行猜测。答题方法-词义推断

Theword“intuition”inParagraph5probablymeans_____.A.anabi