江苏省南京市2023-2024学年高二上学期10月月考英语试卷（含答案）

江苏省南京市2023-2024学年高二上学期10月月考英语试卷I阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共37.5分）ADubai'sMuseumoftheFuture,namedasoneofthe14mostbeautifulmuseumsontheplanetinalistbyNationalGeographicmagazinethisJuly,openedinFebruary2023.Itpromisesvisitorsanimmersive(沉浸式的)experiencethatusestechnologytorepresentartandencouragesgueststoimaginewhatthefuturecouldbelike.Whataretheexhibitionsinside?Fiveofthesevenfloorsaremainexhibitionces,eachdesignedtolooklikeafuturisticfilmset.Themuseumtakesvisitorsonajourneytotheyear2071andcreatesscenesofwhatthefuturecouldbelikeintopicssuchasouterceresourcedevelopment,ecosystemsandbioengineering,health,wellnessandspirituality.Howtogettickets?EntrytothemuseumcostsDh150,butisfreeforpre-schoolchildren,personswithdisabilitiesandcitizensaged60andover.Halfpriceforstudents.Theticketsareonsaleonthemuseum'swebsitewww.motf.ae.Generalrulesofthemuseum●Visitorsareallowedtotakephotosandvideosforpersonaluse,exceptintheexhibitionsthatarelabeledasthe“specialexhibitiongalleries”.Flashphotographyisnotallowed.●Selfie(自拍)sticksarenotpermitted.●Guestscanbringtheirownfoodthatcanbeeateningardenareas.Nofoodordrinkisallowedinanyexhibition.●Therearerestroomsoneachfloorofthemuseum.●FreeWi-Fiisavailable.1.Whichtopiciscoveredintheexhibitionsinsidethemuseum?A.Magazines. B.Film. C.Travelling. D.Fitness.2.Howmuchshouldayoungcouplewithaprimaryschoolkidpayfortheirtickets?A.Dh150. B.Dh300. C.Dh375. D.Dh450.3.Whatisforbiddeninthemuseum?A.AccessingtheInternetofthemuseum.B.Havingsomebreadinthegardenareas.C.TakingselfiesinthespecialexhibitiongalleriesD.Videoingtheregularexhibitiontosharewithfriends.BTheytalkaboutthestrawthatbrokethecamel’sback,butreallyitshouldbethepasswordthatwipedoutmymemorybank.IwasgoingalongfinewithinstantrecallofmybankPIN(密码)，mymobilephonenumberandthedateofmycousin'sbirthdaybeforeIdownloadedagasstationpaymentappforitsnewcustomerdiscount.Itaskedmetocreateapassword.WhenItypedin“gas1”,itwasrejectedfornotbeingcomplexenough.Itriedagain:“IHateHearlessOilCompanies@”.Butthatwastoolonganddidn’tinclude“atleastonenumber”.Buthereisthething:assoonasIaddedthefreshpasswordintomymemory,Iinstantlyforgotalltheothers.Mybrainhadhititslimitforpasswords.Inowknownothing.Ihadenteredsomepasswordsinanotebook.Ofcourse,Ididn'twritedowntheactualpasswords,incaseitfellintothewronghands.Instead,Imaskedtheminawaythatonlyafamilymembercouldfigurethemout.Forexample,IcombinedmybankPINwithourpostalcode,thenaddedittoalistofphonenumbers.ItwouldfoolevenAlbertEinstein.Maybeweneedasystemliketheoneweusetorememberpeople’snames.Youknow,youformanassociationbetweenaperson'scharacteristicsandtheirnamebywhispering“SkinnyGeorge,SkinnyGeorge”inheartaftermeetingthem.Theriskisthat,uponseeinghim,you’llburstoutthephrase.“SkinnyGeorge”mightnotmind,butit'spossible“BoringBetty”will.Asforrememberingpasswordsasyouchangethem,youcouldsimplyusethefirstandlastlettersofyourfavoritesinger'sgreatesthits,togetherwiththeyearoftheirrelease.MaybeI’lltrythatoneout--butonlyafterdescribingthesysteminthenotebook.ThenI'llhideitinaplacesosecretthatI’llneverrememberwhereitis.4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hefellforamarketingtrick.B.Hewasdrivenmadbypasswords.C.Hehadaseriousmemorydisorder.D.Hewasrejectedbythegasstation.5.BymentioningAlbertEinsteininparagraph3,theauthorintendsto______.A.showhowsecurehispasswordswereB.challengetheintelligenceofscientistsC.provetheuselessnessofhispasswordsD.promoteamorescientificpasswordsystem6.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toencouragereaderstousepasswordnotebooks.B.Torecommendapassword-rememberingmethod.C.Tocomplainaboutthetroublecausedbypasswords.D.Topointouttheimportanceofusingcomplexpasswords.7.Whatisthetoneofthetext?A.Inspiring. B.Indifferent. C.Humorous. D.Serious.CNoonelikesinterruption.Weareborntoseekbalanceandorder.Nomatterwhatitisthatyouaredoing,beinginterruptedinvolvesaforcefulstopmidwayandthenhavingtore-enteryourpreviousstate,sometimeswithgreatdifficulty.Popularbeliefhasitthatinterruptionbreakstheflowofyourthinkingandaffectsproductivitynegatively,andsoitisadvisablethatyouhaveanuninterruptedsessionofintensiveworkbeforeyournextbreak.However,aRussianpsychologist,BlumaZeigarnik,mighttellyouotherwise.Theconnectionbetweeninterruptionandmemorycametoherattentionwhenshewasdininginarestaurant.Shenoticedhowthewaitresseshadanamazingmemoryofthedetailedordersyettobepaidfor,butscarcememoryoftheordersthatwerealreadycompleted.Backinherlaboratory,sheconductedstudiesinwhichsubjectswererequiredtocompletevariouspuzzles.Someofthesubjectswereinterruptedduringthetasks.Allthesubjectswerethenaskedtodescribewhattaskstheyhaddone.Itturnsoutthatadultsrememberedtheinterruptedtasks90%betterthanthecompletedtasks,andthatchildrenwereevenmorelikelytorecalltheuncompletedtasks.Inotherwords,uncompletedtaskswillstayonyourminduntilyoufinishthem!Incomparisontotasksthatwerealreadyfinishedandonesthatwehaven’tevenstarted,half-doneprojectsaregiventhepriorityinthementalto-dolistourbrainssketchoutforus.Zeigarnikdescribedthisfindinginherdoctoralthesis(论文)inthelate1920s,whichwaslatercalledZeigarnikeffect.Onepossibleexplanationisthatwithinterruptedtasks,wearedesperatefortheirclosuretoreclaimasenseofbalance.Finishingthemalsomeansthatwecanfinallyclearupthementalbacklog(积压的工作)andgivethecetomoreupcomingtasks.Zeigarnik’seffectcanbefoundeverywhere,especiallyusedinmediaandadvertising.Haveyoueverwonderedwhycliffhangersworksowellorwhyyoujustcan’tgetyourselftostopwatchingthatseriesonNetflix?ErnestHemingwayoncesaidaboutwritinganovel,“Itisthewaituntilthenextdaythatishardtogetthrough.”Sonexttime,whenyouareinterrupted,appreciateitandtakeadvantageofittopromoteyourproductivity.Whatisacommonpracticetofinishatask? A.Workinginafocusedperiod. B.Workingwithoccasionalbreaks. C.Workingwithastopmidway. D.Workinginaninterruptedsession.WhatisthefindingoftheZeigarnik’sexperiment? A.Interruptionrecallsdetails. B.Interruptionbettersmemory.C.Interruptiondisturbsbalance. D.Interruptionreducesproductivity.10.WhichofthefollowingisanexampleoftheapplicationofZeigarnik’seffect?A.Fashionshows. B.Onlinenews.C.Talkshows. D.TVseries.11.WhatisthepossiblereasonbehindZeigarnik’seffect?A.Thedesireforbalance. B.Thephysicalbacklog.C.Theoutsidepressure. D.Theupcomingtasks.DMosquitoescarrymalaria(疟疾),whichkillsthousandsofpeopleeachyear.Nowsomeresearchersaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtomaketheannoyinginsectsintopartnersinthefightagainstthedisease.Foryears,publichealthofficialshavetriedtolimitthediseasebycontrollingmosquitopopulations.“Butthatapproachistemporary,”saysAnthonyJames,aprofessorofbiologyandgeneticsattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,“Becausemosquitoesareextremelytoughlittleinsects,andtheirpopulationscanquicklyrebound.”Therefore,Jamesandhiscolleagueswanttotryadifferentapproach:makingmosquitoesthemselvesintomalaria-fightingwarriors,whichisacompletedeparturefromtraditionalwaysofcontrollingmalaria.Tounderstandhowitworks,ithelpstounderstandthelifecycleofmalaria.Themalariapathogen(病原体)isaparasite(寄生虫)thatgrowsinsidehumans.It’spassedviamosquitoesthatmovefrompersontoperson,suckingblood.“Ifwecanmakethemosquitoesdifficultforthepathogenstosurvive,wecanwipeoutthedisease,”hesays.Butmakingmosquitoesuninvitingtomalariaisatoughjob.Tosolvetheproblem,theteamusedagene-editingtechniquecalledCRISPR.Theystartedwithgenesfrommice,whoseimmunesystemsdofighthumanmalaria,engineeredthosegenes,andthengavethemtothemosquitoes.Itturnedoutthemalaria-fightingantibodieswhichgene-editedmosquitoesproducedworkedverywell.Theyreducedthenumberofparasitesinthemosquitobeforetheywerepassedtoahumanhost.James’teamarenowworkingonplanningafieldtrial,whichhehopescouldbeconductedonanislandorinanotherisolatedlocation.Butgeneticallychangingwildanimalsdoesnotsitwellwithenvironmentalists.“There’snoneedtoengineeramosquito,”saysDanaPerls,seniorprogrammanagerfortheemergingtechnologyprogramatthenon-profitFriendsoftheEarth.Perlspointsoutthatnaturallyoccurringmethodsforreducingmalariaappeartobeshowingpromise,asdoesanewvaccine(疫苗)againstthedisease.“Whytakeunnecessaryrisksandreleaseaspeciesthatcan’tberecalledonceit’sreleasedintothewild?”sheasks.Whatcanweknowfromthesecondandthirdparagraphs?Mosquitoesreproducequickly.Mosquitoesdepartfrommalaria.Mosquitoesaremalaria-fightingwarriors.Mosquitoes’populationsareundercontrol.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingareattractivetothemalariapathogen?Mice. B.Parasites. C.Mosquitoes. D.Gene-editedmosquitoes.Whatisenvironmentalists’attitudetowardthisnewapproach?Tolerant. B.Favorable. C.Objective. D.Disapproving.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?LimitingMalariabyControllingMosquitoPopulationsControllingMalariabyeditingMosquitoes’genesCuringMalariawithGene-editedMosquitoesPreventingMalariawithanewvaccineII七选五（每小题2.5分，共12.5分）Doesyourcatordogsuddenlygetaburstofenergyandperformathleticfeaturesaroundthehouse?Welcometotheworldofzoomies—intenseperiodsofhigh-energyactivityincludingrunning,jumpingandrolling.Youmightseepost-bathzoomies,midnightzoomiesandoutof-nowherezoomies.Theyhavealotincommonwithplay.16Ifthezoomiesareoccurringaspartofyouranimal’sregularplayroutine,thisimpliesyouranimalisenjoyingthemselves.Wedon'tyetknowifzoomiesaremorelikelytooccuratcertaintimesoftheday,ormoreinsomethanothers.17Zoomiesarementionedalot,butthereisalsolittlescientificresearchonwhatcausesthem,orhowoftentheyoccur.Yetsomeconclusionscanbedrawnfromexperience.18Indogs,thisiscommonlyaplaybow-wherethedogappearsto“bow”toanothertosignalitiseagertoplay.Incats,aninvitationmayincluderepeatedlyrollingover.Ifthisisthecase,youranimalislikelyexperiencingexcitementandadesiretointeractwithyou.19Contextiskey.Youshouldconsultwithyourvet(兽医)ifyourdogorcatisdisplayingthebehaviour(inparticular,circling)fortoolong.Itmightbeasignofarepetitivebehaviourdisorder.Ifyoustruggletodistractorstopthebehaviour,orifitisresultingininjuries,seekprofessionalassistance.Evenifyoudon'tgetthecallofthezoomiesyourself,takeamomenttoenjoyandevenjoinyourdogorcatinhavingfun.20A.Sometimesweallneedtorunwild.B.Thismakeszoomiesawholeloadoffun.C.Itisourdutytofigureoutwhattheywantexactly.D.Nothingismoreannoyingthanamidnightzoomie.E.However,wedoconsiderthemevidenceofaprettygoodmood.F.Sometimes,however,zoomiesmaybeasignofamedicalcondition.G.Indogsandcat,zoomiescanincludeaninvitationforotherstojoin.III完形填空（每小题1分，共15分）RebeckaPeterson,ahighschoolmathteacher,isthenation’s2023TeacheroftheYear.Herfirstyearofteachingwasn’twithoutits21，butsherememberedwhyshewasthereandwantedtobearthose22thoughtsinmind.Soshe23theOneGoodThingblog.Itwas24andfun,really.Everyevening,shewouldwriteonherblog,25“onegoodthingsheexperiencedthatday.Shegaveherblogthetagline;“Everydaymaynotbegood,butthereisonegoodthingineveryday.”Sheencouragedher26todothesameintheirhandwrittenjournals.Justafewminutesadayto27somethinggoodthathappened—thatwouldbeenough,she28.Shebelievesthatitwillmakethemhappierandmore29tolearn.Duringherelevenyearsinteaching,Petersonhas30thatsomestudentsfindmathdifficult.Buthereffortstomakeit31madeherthe2023OklahomaTeacheroftheYear.Fromthere,she32towinthenation’s2023TeacheroftheYear.Petersonhastravelledaroundthecountry,talkingtoteachersaboutbringing33backintoClassrooms.Hergoalsincludeemphasizingthepositiveexperiencesstudentshavenotonlywithmathbutwithlearning34.Shehopesherstorieswillattractnewteacherstotheprofessionandgive35tocurrentones.21.A.surprises B.wonders C.rewards D.struggles22.A.complex B.positive C.colorful D.disturbing23.A.created B.funded C.noticed D.deleted24.A.strange B.tough C.simple D.boring25.A.recording B.forwarding C.discussing D.recommending26.A.friends B.workmates C.classmates D.students27.A.drawon B.carryon C.counton D.reflecton28.A.whispered B.insisted C.ordered D.agreed29.A.relieved B.independent C.motivated D.humble30.A.expected B.refused C.recognized D.complained31.A.accessible B.creative C.abstract D.logical32.A.managed B.failed C.tried D.sought33.A.rules B.games C.joy D.wisdom34.A.indetail B.ingeneral C.incommon D.inparticular35.A.title B.place C.luck D.energyIV短文填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）ThePalaceMuseum’sclockcollection,morethan1,500innumber,isarguablyoneofthemostbreathtakingclockpreservationsworldwide.36(make)betweenthe18thcenturyandthe20thcentury,somewerecraftedinBritain,FranceandSwitzerland,somewerefromtheClockWorkshopoftheQingPalace,andotherswere37mixtureofboththeEastandtheWest.The38(major)ofBritishclocksfeaturebronzecasesinlaidwithsplendidlycolorfuljewels.Theyarediverse39form,recreatingallkindsofarchitectureandnaturalsights,andoftenincludeautomatic40(decorate)suchasfountains,movingfigures,boatsandbirds.TheseclocksrepresentthehighestlevelofcraftsmanshipinBritain.MostoftheFrenchclocksherearetheproductsoftheearly20thcentury.Whetherintermsoftheme41decorativestyle,theFrenchclocksinthecollectionhaveastyleof42__(they)own,anddeservetheirplaceinhistory.TheSwisstimepieces43(most)comprisesmall,unconventionallyshapeddeskclocksanddelicatepocketwatches.Theywerespeciallymade44(suit)thetastesofChinesecustomers.Clocksmayturnbackintime,buthumansmayneverdreamofdoingso.Today,thePalaceMuseum45(aim)tocarryonthistouchingtaleof“time”asguardiansofthistraditionalcraftsmanship.V.词汇拼写（每小题0.5分，共5分）1.Torealizehera______________ofbecomingascientist,shehasbeenworkingveryhard.2.Whatthewitnesssaidincourtwasnotc____________withthestatementhemadetothepolice.3.P__________________inthesportsgamewerecategorizedaccordingtoage.4.Headmittedthelackofm________________andafeelingofsloth(懒散).5.Whendoubtsaboutitssafetyhaveg_____________disappeared,interestcontinuestogrow.6.Weweregivenabrief____________________(展示)ofthecomputer’sfunctions.7.Thefenceservesasthe________________(分界线)betweenmygardenandhers.8.Theteambeatallits_________________(对手)andwonthefirstprize.9.____________(排名)amongthe15economiccentralcities,Suzhouappealstope