考研英语阅读十八计智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下青岛大学

考研英语阅读十八计智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下青岛大学青岛大学

第一章测试

【原文】Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.

33.Paragraph3showsthatadiscoveryclaim

becomescredible

afterit

A:hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientistsB:hasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublicC:hasbeenexaminedbythescientificcommunityD:

hasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewers

答案:hasbeenexaminedbythescientificcommunity

第二章测试

【原文】TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase"jobseekers’allowance"isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker"whohadnofundamentalrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesa“time-limited"allowance,conditionalonactivelyseekingajob.25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthor

mostprobablyagree?

A:Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemploymentB:Thejobseekers'allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.C:Unemploymentbenefits

shouldnotbemadeconditionalD:TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers'laziness

答案:Unemploymentbenefits

shouldnotbemadeconditional

【原文】Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.28.Hindrance

tothereformofthelegalsystem

originatesfrom

A:lawyers'andclients'strongresistance

B:thesternexamforwould-belawyers

C:non-professionals'sharpcriticism

D:therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession

答案:therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession

【原文】Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport'sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.29.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequired

to

A:subscribetothejournalpublishingit.B:completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.C:allowotheronlinejournalstouseitfreely.D:coverthecostofitspublishing

答案:coverthecostofitspublishing

【原文】The8-0objectiontoPresidentObamaturnsonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas"ashockingassertionoffederalexecutivepower."TheWhiteHousearguedthatArizona'slawsconflictedwithitsenforcementpriorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.Ineffect,theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestatelawthatitdisagreeswith.39.TheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofenforcement

A:

isestablishedbyfederalstatutes

B:

outweighsthatheldbythestates

C:isdependentonthestates'supportD:rarelygoesagainststatelaws.

答案:

outweighsthatheldbythestates

【原文】Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness,"wroteMiltonFriedman,aNobelprize-winningeconomist,"Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits.ButevenifyouacceptFriedman'spremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders'money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompaniesatleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption31.TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman'sstatementaboutCSR

with

A:tolerance

B:uncertainty

C:approval

D:skepticism

答案:skepticism

第三章测试

【原文】TheUS$3-millionFundamentalPhysicsPrizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear'sawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.

31.TheFundamentalPhysicsPrize

isseenas

A:ahandsomereward

forresearchB:

anexampleofbankers'investments

C:asymboloftheentrepreneurs'weal

D:

apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrizes

答案:ahandsomereward

forresearch

【原文】Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers'responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer’sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer’spaidmedia——forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonItsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.32.AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature

A:randomcompetitionB:

flexibilityinorganizationC:strongusertrafficD:asafebusinessenvironment

答案:strongusertraffic

【原文】Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional"paid”mediasuchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisementsstillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate"earned"mediabywillinglypromotingittofriends,andacompanymayleverage"owned"mediabysendinge-mailaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachtheprocessofmakingpurchasedecisionsmeansthatmarketing’simpactstemsfromabroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.31.Consumers

maycreate"earned"mediawhentheyare

A:obsessedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsitesB:inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttothemC:eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproductsD:enthusiastic

aboutrecommendingtheirfavoriteproducts

答案:enthusiastic

aboutrecommendingtheirfavoriteproducts

【原文】JusticeAnthonyKennedywrotethatthepreviousdecisionswereflawed."Eachyearthephysicalpresencerulebecomesfurtherremovedfromeconomicrealityandresultsinsignificantrevenuelossestothestates,"hewroteinanopinionjoinedbyfourotherjustices.Kennedywrotethattherule"limitedstates’abilitytoseeklong-termprosperityandhaspreventedmarketparticipantsfromcompetingonanevenplayingfield."38.AccordingtoJusticeAnthonyKennedy,thephysicalpresencerulehas

A:harmed

fairmarketcompetitionB:boostedgrowthinstates'revenueC:hinderedeconomicdevelopmentD:broughtprosperitytothecountry.

答案:harmed

fairmarketcompetition

【原文】Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsocietythatallareequalintreatmentbygovernmentisundermined.Goodgovernanceunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourtsrulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.40.Theauthor'sattitudetowardthecourt'srulingis

A:

tolerant.B:sarcasticC:SupportiveD:

skeptical.

答案:Supportive

第四章测试

【原文】Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn'taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant'ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.21.Priestly

criticizes

herassistant

forher[A]lackofimagination.

[B]poorbargainingskill.

[C]obsessionwithhighfashion

[D]insensitivitytofashion

A:obsessionwithhighfashion

B:insensitivitytofashionC:poorbargainingskill.D:

lackofimagination.

答案:insensitivitytofashion

【原文】Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm'seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed"quarterlycapitalism”."Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.23.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestment

onpubliccompanies

canbe

A:minimal

B:indirect

C:adverseD:temporary

答案:adverse

【原文】Justhowpeoplethinkisstillfartoocomplextobeunderstood,letalonereproduced,saysDavidEagleman,aStanfordUniversityneuroscientist.Wearejustinasituationwheretherearenogoodtheoriesexplainingwhatconsciousnessactuallyisandhowyoucouldeverbuildamachinetogetthere.”32.InDavidEagleman'sopinion,ourcurrentknowledgeofconsciousness

A:canbemisleadingtorobotmakingB:inspirespopularsci-fiTVseries

C:helpsexplainartificialintelligence.

D:istoolimitedforustoreproduceit

答案:istoolimitedforustoreproduceit

【原文】Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums——fromgrammarschooltocollege——shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.23.Education

intheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison

A:job-huntingskills

B:creativepotential

C:cooperativespirit

D:Individualneeds

答案:creativepotential

【原文】Advertisersarehorrified.Humannaturebeingwhatitis,mostpeoplestickwithdefaultsettings.FewswitchDNTonnow,butiftrackingisoffitwillstayoff.BobLiodice,thechiefexecutiveoftheAssociationofNationalAdvertisers,saysconsumerswillbeworseoffiftheindustrycannotcollectinformationabouttheirpreferences,Peoplewillnotgetfewerads,hesays."They'llgetlessmeaningful,lesstargetedads.”28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

A:failstoaffecttheadindustryB:goesagainsthumannature.

C:

willnotbenefitconsumersD:maycutthenumberofjunkads

答案:

willnotbenefitconsumers

第五章测试

【原文】Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It'sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat'stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.25.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis

A:desirable

B:profound

C:harmful

D:questionable

答案:questionable

【原文】TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTSitewaschosentominimizethetelescope'svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.30.Theauthor'sattitudetoward

choosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof

A:passiveacceptanceB:Severecriticism

C:fullapprovalD:slighthesitancy.

答案:fullapproval

【原文】Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtoreducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle

forthetext?

A:Science,TechnologyandHumanityB:

EvolutionoftheHumanSpeciesC:UncertaintyaboutOurFutureD:TheEver-brightProspects

ofMankind

答案:TheEver-brightProspects

ofMankind

【原文】Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,twothingsseemclear——mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere.Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism——thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall——butitistheprize-giversmoneytodowithastheyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.35.Theauthor

believesthatthenewawardsare

A:acceptabledespitethecriticismB:harmfultothecultureofresearch.C:unworthyofpublicattention.D:subjecttoundesirablechanges

答案:acceptabledespitethecriticism

【原文】BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,blogged:"Webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol.”Coulditreallybethatsimple?

30.Theauthor'sattitude

towardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof

A:indulgence.

B:skepticism

C:appreciation.D:understanding

答案:skepticism

第六章测试

【原文】Comeon——Everybody'sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood——drinking,drugsandcasualsex.21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesas

A:

acauseofundesirablebehaviorsB:

astimulustogroupdynamicsC:asupplementtothesocialcure

D:

anobstacletosocialprogress

答案:

acauseofundesirablebehaviors

【原文】Devotedconcert-goerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Theserecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe"consumed"atatimeandplaceofthelistener'schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

A:overestimatethevalueofliveperformances

B:rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformancesC:

ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.D:exaggeratethevarietyofliveerformances.

答案:overestimatethevalueofliveperformances

【原文】"Soifyou'reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,"Perettisaid."Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.Inotherwords,ifyou'regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit.WhichmaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear,morethantwiceasmuchasadigital-onlysubscription.40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

A:ShifttoOnlineNewspapersAllatOnceB:CherishtheNewspaperStillinYourHandC:KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion

D:MakeYourPrintNewspaperaLuxuryGood

答案:MakeYourPrintNewspaperaLuxuryGood

【原文】DavidVaux,acellbiologist,saysthatScience'sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians"hassomemeritbutaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentify'thepapersthatneedscrutinyinthefirstplace."34.DavidVaux

holdsthatwhatScience

isdoingnow

A:addstoresearchers'workloadB:diminishestheroleofreviewersC:istofailintheforeseeablefutureD:hasroomforfurtherimprovement

答案:hasroomforfurtherimprovement

【原文】Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappinessinsteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhard.Seniorwritesthat"theverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight.

36.JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring

A:temporarydelight.

B:happinessinretrospectC:

enjoymentinprogress.D:lastingreward

答案:happinessinretrospect

第七章测试

【原文】Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthereferencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedbysomecompaniesdon'trelyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogetherinformationfromdifferentresearchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasemayhavealotofdatafromsomeregionsandnotothers,soaperson'stestresultsmaydifferdependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults.29.Inthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis

A:disorganizeddatacollectionB:excessivesamplecomparison.

C:overlappingdatabasebuildingD:lackofpatentevaluation.

答案:disorganizeddatacollection

【原文】WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism'as‘atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.’”23.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?

A:

Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.B:Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.C:Itiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.D:Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting

答案:Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting

【原文】Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedly

necessaryforthesocial,political,andintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.31.TheauthorholdsinParagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries]

A:hasfallenvictimofbias.B:hasbeenoverestimated

C:issubjecttogroundlessdoubts.D:isconventionallydowngraded.

答案:hasbeenoverestimated

【原文】Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperiences.Priorknowledgeandinterestsinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionabound.31.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theprocessofdiscoveryischaracterizedbyits

A:systematicnessandregularityB:uncertaintyandcomplexityC:

logicalityandobjectivity

D:misconceptionanddeceptiveness

答案:uncertaintyandcomplexity

【原文】Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance."Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon,"heclaimed."We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster."Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith"reforms"toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor"fundamentalfairness"——protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.23.Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?

A:Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants

B:AneagernesstoprotecttheunemployedC:passiontoensurefairnessforthepayersD:Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall

答案:passiontoensurefairnessforthepayers

第八章测试

【原文】Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.It’snotenoughtosaythealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.

34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis

A:theIneffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.B:theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.C:theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.D:themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants

答案:themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants

【原文】Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.

23.Intheauthor'sview,Rosenberg'sbook

failsto

A:producealong-lastingsocialeffectB:effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcureC:adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactorsD:

illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding

答案:adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors

【原文】Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there'splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper——printingpresses,deliverytrucks——isn'tjustexpensive;it'sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon'thavethe

samesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.36.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringending

itsprinteditionpartlydueto

A:theincreasingonlineadsalesB:thepressurefromitsinvestors

C:thecomplaintsfromitsreaders

D:thehighcostofoperation

答案:thehighcostofoperation

【原文】In2010,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheAAAsaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation37.InfluentialfiguresintheCongress

requiredthattheAAAsreportonhowto

A:safeguardindividuals'rightstoeducationB:definethegovernment'sroleineducationC:retainpeople'sinterestinliberaleducation

D:keepaleadingpositioninliberaleducation

答案:keepaleadingpositioninliberaleducation

【原文】There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabitsaswellasnegativeonesspreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure——weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.24.Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors

A:canproducenegativehealthhabitsB:

occurswithoutourrealizingitC:isharmfultoournetworksoffriends

D:willmisleadbehavioralstudies

答案:

occurswithoutourrealizingit

【原文】Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis"distasteful"andnasty.Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan“officialact,"37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptive

onlyifitinvolves

A:concretereturnsforgift-givers

B:breakingcontractsofficially.C:sizablegainsintheformofgiftsD:leakingsecretsintentionally

答案:concretereturnsforgift-givers

第九章测试

【原文】IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMr.Hirst'ssale,spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable.Intheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstayedawayfromgalleriesandsalerooms.Salesofcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds,andinthemosttheyweredownbynearly90%intheyeartoNovember2008.Withinweekstheworld'stwobiggestauctionhouses,Sotheby'sandChristie's,hadtopayoutnearlyS200minguaranteestoclientswhohadplacedworksforsalewiththem.22Bysaying"spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable"(Line1-2,Para.3),the