英文合同解读-(八)英语合同的常用句型

英文合同解读一（八）英语合同的常用句型分类有限责任公司，股分有限公司，外商投资公司发文日期2022-08-17作者王辉正文内容：一、引导条件从句的句型intheeventthat(短语为intheeventof),incase(短语为incaseof),providing(that),provided(that),ontheconditionsthat,if(ifandwhenever),where,insofaras(insofaras),should,suppose/supposing(that)在英文合同中，以上这些词常用来引导条件从句表示“如果、假如”等情形，基础英语中常用的“aslongas”在英文合同中非常鲜见。例一：IntheeventthattheContractPriceoranyothertermsoftheContractchangesaftertheissuanceoftheLetterofCredit(orLetterofGuarantee)theOwnershallarrangeforsuchLettertobeamendedaccordinglyassoonaspossibleafteranysuchchanges.如果在信用证(或者保函)开出后，合同总价或者合同其他条款发生变化，业主应尽快安排对信用证(或者保函)进行相应的修改。例二：Incasepartoforallknow?howoftheabove?mentionedtechnicalcontentshavebeenpublishedbyPartyBorThirdPartiesAobtainsevidenceofsuchpublication,thenPartyAshallnolongerberesponsibleforkeepingsecretandconfidentialthepartalreadypublished.如上述专有技术的一部份或者全部已由第三方发布，而甲方也掌握了已发布的证据，则甲方再也不承担保密义务。例三：15%oftheabovecontractprice,e.g.US$21,000.00shallbepaidbyPartyAtoPartyBbyM/Twithin30daysafterPartyAhasreceivedfromPartyBthefollowingtechnicaldocumentationsanddocumentsandprovidingthattheyareinconformitywiththecontract:甲方从乙方处收到以下技术资料和文件后30天内应信汇乙方上述合同总价的15%,也就是21000美元，但该技术资料和文件应符合本合同要求。例四：Eitherpartymayatanytimereplacethechairman,deputychairmanordirector(s)ithasappointed,providedthatitgiveswrittennoticetotheJointVentureCompanyandtheotherparty.任何一方可随时更换自己委派的董事长、副董事长或者董事，但必须书面通知合资公司和合资的另一方。需要注意的是，providedthat通常语气上有转折的含义，不宜翻译为“假如，如果”；译为“但是”，则译文过渡自然，符合汉语表达的规范。例五：ShouldthesellermakedeliveryontimeasstipulatedintheContractwiththeexceptionofForceMajeurespecifiedinClausel8tothiscontract,theBuyershallagreetopostponethedeliveryonconditionthattheSeileragreetopayapenaltywhichshallbedeductedbythepayingbankfromthepaymentundernegotiation,如果卖方并非因本合同第18条规定的不可抗力事件而未按合同规定的期限交货，那末，只要卖方允许支付罚金，并由付款行从议付款中扣除，买方便允许卖方延期交货。句中浮现两处条件从句，should引导的从句属于非真实条件句，即虚拟语气，表示该条件发生的可能性很小，也就是说是当事人不希翼浮现的不利情况。而onconditionthat引导的条件从句，往往表示只要某情况浮现，就如何如何。彳列六：NotwithstandingthecompletionofthesaleandpurchaseoftheordinarysharesintheCompany,thetermsandconditionsofthisagreementshallremaininfullforceandeffectasbetweenthepartiesheretoinsofarasthesamearenotfulfil1ed.即使买卖公司月殳普通股已经结束，只要该行为尚未履行完毕，本协议条款对双方仍然彻底有效。例七：InallcaseswhereLicenseedesiresartworkinvolvingarticleswhicharethesubjectofthislicensetobeexecuted,thecostofsuchartworkandthetimefortheproductionthereofshallbebornebyLicensee.如果被许可方需要的工艺品涉及本许可将履行的标的,则该工艺品的费用和生产该工艺品的时耗应由被许可方承担。彳列，I：Asanexample,supposethatStamps,comhasapartnershipagreementwithacompanycalled“InternetMarketing”.Inthisexample,uPartnerName“wouldbeuInternetMarketing”.试举一例,如果Stamp,com公司与一家名叫InternetMarketing的公司有一合伙协议。本例中，该“合伙名称"就是"InternetMaketing”。IfandwhenevertheattorneyatlawdesignatedbyPartyBcomestoworkwithPartyA,PartyAshallofferallsufficientandnecessaryfacilities,arrangethesaidlegalcounselwithanoffice,appointacompanyofficertoassistlegalcounselwithhisfunction,providerelevantinformationandwriteandprintlegaldraftforsuchlegalcounsel.乙方律师至lj甲方工作时，甲方应充分赋予安排，安排法律顾问办公场所，选派干部协助律师工作，提供有关情况，缮写、打印稿件等。相关链接：innocase,innoevent,inthecaseof,inanycase等innocase和innoevent表示"决不"即无论怎样都不行。例如：Vesselover20yearsofageshallinnoeventbeacceptabletotheBuyer,船龄超过20年的，买方概不接受。Inthecaseof就什么来说，关于，inanycase无论如何例如：Inthecaseofdangerousand/orpoisonouscargo(es),theSellerisobligedtotakecaretoensurethatthenatureandthegenerallyadoptedsymbolshallbemarkedconspicuouslyoneachpackage.关于危(wei)险或者有毒货物，卖方有义务照管确保其属性安全且应在每一包装上标注通常采用的标识。二、表示“某物所有权属于某人”的句型Sth.is(shallremain)thepropertyofsb.,thetitleofsth.shallbevestedinsb.英语合同表示“某物所有权属于某人”时，常用到这两个句型。如果用Iheownershipofsth.belongstosb.,或者sb.owns/possessessth.就不够正式，而且possess只指目前属于某人，并不能说明获得的来源，而own只表示“对，中的合法占有”。例一：AnydrawingsortechnicaldocumentsinterestedforuseintheConstructionofthePlantorofpartthereofandsubmittedtotheSellerbytheBuyerpriororsubsequenttoformationoftheContractremaintheexclusivepropertyoftheBuyer.本合同订立先后由买方送交卖方用于建造设备或者其部份设备的图纸或者技术资料仍为买方的专有财产。例二：LicenseeherebyagreesthatattheterminationorexpirationofthisagreementLicenseewillbedeemedtohaveassigned,transferredandconveyedtoLicensoranyrights,equities,goodwill,titlesorotherrightsinandtotheNamewhichmayhavebeenobtainedbyLicenseeorwhichmayhavevestedinLicenseeinpursuanceofanyendeavorscoveredhereby,andthatLicenseewillexecuteanyinstrumentsrequestedbyLicensortoaccomplishorconfirmtheforegoing.被许可方特此允许本协议终止或者届满时，被许可方视为向许可方转让被许可方因该名称可能已获得或者经努力已拥有的任何权利、权益、商誉、所有权或者其他权利，并且被许可方应在许可方的要求下签署任何文件以完成或者确认上述转让。三、Itis+p.pthat（pastparticiple过去分词）+clause英文合同在使用被动语态时，有一些常见的特殊句型：Itisagreedthat+clause例一：ItismutuallyagreedthatthecertificateofqualityandquantityofweightissuedbythemanufacturershallbepartofthedocumentforpaymentwiththeadoptedLetterofCredit.双方允许以创造厂出具的品质、数量或者分量检验证明书作为有关信用证项下付款的单据之一。例二：ItisexpresslyagreedthatLesseewillnot,withoutobtainingpriorwrittenpermissionofLessor,assertonitsbehalf,oronbehalfofLessor,anyimmunityfromtaxationbasedonthetax?exemptstatus,ifany,oftheLessor.双方明确允许承租人未经出租人事先书面允许，不得自行或者代表出租人基于出租人的免税身份主张免税，如果出租人有该身份。Itisunderstoodthat+clause例一：ItisstrictlyunderstoodthattheSellerscannotbeheldresponsiblefornon?deliveryofdelayeddeliveryofthegoodsorderedifthesituationiscausedbyForceMajeure,suchaswar,rebellion,fire,strike,newleviesimposedbygovernment,mistakesintelegrams,inabilityof,orrefusalbythemanufacturerstofulfillthisContractoranyothercausesbeyondSeller?scontrol.严格明确卖方对于自己无法控制的不可抗力,如战争、叛乱、火灾、罢工、政府新征税、电报错误、生产厂商无能力或者拒绝按合同生产，导致的已定货物不能发货或者迟延发货概不负责。例二：ItisunderstoodthattheSellershallnotbeliableforanydiscrepancyofthegoodsshippedduetocausesforwhichtheInsuranceCompany,ShippingCompany,othertransportationorganizationsand/orPostOfficeareliable.双方明确卖方概不承担属保险公司、装运公司或者其他运输机构、邮局责任范围内原因所造成已装运货物的瑕疵责任。Itisstressedthat+clause例句：ItisessentiallystressedthattheBuyersarerequestedtosignandreturntheduplicateofthisContractwithin3daysfromthedateofreceipt.Intheeventoffailuretodothis,theSellersreservetherighttocanceltheContract.必须强调：买方应于收到本合同之日起3天内签字并退还合同的副本，如买方不这样做，卖方保留取销合同的权利。四、SavingClause?在英文合同中SavingClause（除外条款，但书条款）通常有savethat句型和saveas句型，表示者例外”。彳列——：Subjecttoclause18.4,eachpartyshallbearitsowncostsarisingoutoforinconnectionwiththepreparation,negotiationandimplementationofthisAgreementsavethatifthisAgreementislawfullyrescindedbythePurchasertheVendorsshallpaytothePurchaseritsaccountancy,legalandothercostsandexpensesinrelationtotheinvestigationoftheCompanypriortothedatehereofandthepreparationandnegotiationofthisAgreement.在遵守第18.4条的条件下，每一方应各自承担其准备、商议和实施本协议所产生的或者与之有关的费用，除非如本协议系买方依法解除，则卖方应向买方支付与本协议订立前调查公司以及准备和商议本协议有关的会计、法律和其他花费和支出。例二：Saveasexpresslyprovidedherein,thisAgreementmaybeamendedorterminated,andanyofthetermshereofwaived,onlybyadocumentinwritingspecificallyreferringtothisAgreementandexecutedbythepartiesheretoor,inthecaseofawaiver,bythepartywaivingcompliance.除非本协议明确规定，本协议可做修改或者终止，本协议任一条款可抛却，仅当通过书面文件特殊提及本协议并由本协议双方执行或者一方通过弃权声明抛却遵守。?.此外，也常见用provison表示限制条款或者但书。彳列——：5.6LegalProceedings;Injunctions,(a)TheSeller,theBuyerandtheCompanyshallusecommerciallyreasonableefforts(subjecttotheprovisioninSection5.6(b))tocooperatewitheachotherinconnectionwithanyclaim,action,suit,proceeding,inquiryorinvestigationwithanyotherpersonwhichrelatestotheexecutionanddeliveryofthisAgreementortheconsummationofthetransactionscontemplatedhereunder.法律诉讼；禁止令。(1)卖方、买方和本公司应竭尽全力(除本条第二款的但书规定外)互相配合处理涉及本合同履行与交付及本合同项下预期交易完成的与他方有关的索赔、诉讼、案件、诉讼程式、质询或者调查。例二：Tenantshallnotberequiredtojoininanyproceedingsreferredtointheprovisionattheendof4.6hereofunlesstheprovisionsofanylaw,ruleorregulationatthetimeineffectshallrequirethatsuchproceedingsbebroughtbyorinthenameofTenant,inwhicheventTenantshalljoinandcooperateinsuchproceedingsorpermitthesametobebroughtinitsname,butshallnotbeliableforthepaymentofanycostsorexpensesinconnectionwithanysuchproceedings,andLandlordshallreimburseTenantfor,andindemnifyandholdTenantharmlessfromandagainst,anyandallcostsorexpenseswhichTenantmayreasonablypay,sustainorincurinconnectionwithanysuchproceedings.承租人不得被应要求参加本合同第四条第六款最后但书/限制性条款提及的任何诉讼，除非当时生效的法律法规要求该诉讼应由承租人或者以承租人名义提起，此种情况下，承租人应参加配合该诉讼或者允许该诉讼以其名义提起，但概不承担任何与该诉讼有关的任何费用和花费，业主应偿还并保证赔偿承租人合理支付的因该诉讼产生或者遭受的全部费用和花费且确保承租人免于以上责任。五、As句型参看本章第一节as的用法六、Uponsth.英文合同中表达“一经,就””的含义时，不用基础英语中的assoonas,而用uponsth.表达。例如：Uponexpirationofsuchtermofcontract,thecontractshallautomaticallybecomevoidandnull.合同一经届满则自动失效。七、Unlessotherwise和except(as)otherwise英文合同中表示“除非另有规定”时，往往用到这两个句型。它们在句中的位置非常灵便，句首、句末或者句中都能看到它们的身影，后接stipulate,provide,require,state,specify等动词或者其过去分词。例一：OntheTransferDate,NewCompanyshalltransfertoB,freefromanylienorencumbrancecreatedbyNewCompanyandwithoutthepaymentofanycompensation,allitsright,titletoandinterestintheinfrastructureproject,unlessotherwisespecifiedintheAgreementoranysupplementaryagreement.新公司应在转让日向乙方转让其在基础设施项目中的全部权利、所有权和权益，免于新公司创设的任何质押或者财产担保，除非本协议另有规定或者补充协议。例二：ThearbitrationfeeshallbebornebythelosingPartyexceptotherwiseawardedbytheArbitrationInstitute.仲裁费由败诉方承担，除非仲裁机构另有裁决。例三：Exceptasotherwiseprovidedherein,allimportpermitsandlicensesandtheimportduties,customsfeesandalltaxesleviedbyanygovernmentauthorityotherthantheSeller?scountryshallbethesoleresponsibilityoftheBuyer.除非本协议另有规定，所有进口许可证照和政府机关(不是卖方国家)征收的进口关税和所有税费均应由买方独自承担责任。八、表示“竭力做某事”的句型Useallreasonableendeavors(efforts)todosth.,makefullendeavors(efforts)todosth.,exertone?seffort(s)todosth.,exertoneselftodosth.英文合同中表示“竭力做某事”时，往往用到这几个句型，而不用基础英语中tryone?sbesttodosth.等句型。例一：ExceptascontemplatedbythisAgreement,fromthedatehereofthroughtheClosingDate,MattelshallcauseeachTLCSubsidiarytousecommerciallyreasonableeffortstoconductitsbusinessintheordinarycourseinallmaterialrespects,andshallusecommerciallyreasonableendeavorstopreserveintactitsbusinessrelationships,keepavailabletheserviceofitsemployeesandmaintainsatisfactoryrelationshipswithitssuppliersandcustomers.除非本协议预期，从本协议日期到成交口，Mattel公司应促使TLC子公司竭尽全力在所有实质方面按通常程式进行交易。并应竭力来保持其商业关系完整，可获得其员工的服务并与供应商和客户维持良好的关系。例二：However,bothpartiesshallmakeeffortstogettheratificationwithin60(sixty)days.然而，双方应努力在60天内获得批准。例三：EachofQuotesmithandIISagreestoexertitscommerciallyreasonableeffortssothatIIScanbeginprovidinginstantquotesonQIMinasshortatimeasthecapabilitiesandtechnologiesofeachpartywillallow.Quotesmith和HS均允许尽其全力使得IIS在各方能力和技术许可的范围内尽快开始向QIM公司提供即时报价。例四：PromptlyfollowingtheEffectiveTime,theshareholdersofTuneswhoareemployedbyJAMtvorMergerSubshallexerttheirbesteffortstocauseallemployeesofTunesandMergerSubtoexecuteinfavorofMergerSubproprietaryrightsagreementssubstantiallysimilartoJAMtv?sexistingemployeeproprietaryrightsagreement.生效时间后，被JAMtv公司或者MergerSub公司所聘的Tunes公司股东应即将竭尽全力促使Tunes公司和MergerSub公司的所有员工执行MergerSub公司控股权协议，该协议实质上与JAMtv公司现有的员工控股权协议类似。第三节合同各部份常用例句与用词(SampleWordingandSentencesinEachPart)英文合同由标题(Title)、前言(Preamble)、正文(Habendum)、附录(Schedule)及证明部份即结尾词(Attestation)五大部份构成。标题部份由于比较简单，在此就不多述，而附录由于不是所有合同都具备，固定的句式用词很少，现就前言(Preamble)和证明部份即结尾词两个方面介绍如下。.前言部份前言又分为合同方(Parties)和叙述(Recital)两部份，合同方部份主要载明合同当事人的名称或者者姓名、国籍、主营业所在地或者住所地以及合同签订的日期等内容，通常有两种句型：一种是完整的句子,以ThisContractismadeon,20,byandbetweenABCCompanyLtd.（hereinaftercalledPartyA）andXYZCompanyLtd.（hereinaftercalledPartyB）为代表。另一种则是由名词主语加动词过去分词构成的短语，如Agreementmadethisdayof,between(hereinaftercalled“Licensor"),and(hereinaftercalled“Licensee”)。其中，made后常用entered/concludedinto等并列，this后直接接日期，或者用on,后接方式较为灵便，但接日期更为正式。而表达合同各方时还成对浮现of/asonepart(y),of/astheotherpart(y),或者是of/asonehand,of/astheotherhando表示"以下简称"时通常用hereinaftercalled或者是hereinafterreferredtoas,甚至有直接把简称写到括弧里的情形。合同方'(Parties)的句式范例：彳列ThisContractmadeonApril1,19,at,China,betweenABCCo.withitsprincipalofficeat,China(hereinaftercalledPartyA),andXYZCo.withitsprincipalofficeat,USA(hereinaftercalledPartyB).本合同于19年4月1日于中国签订，合同双方为ABC公司(以下简称甲方)，其主营业地位于中国，和XYZ公司(以下简称乙方)，其主营业地为美国。例二：Thiscontractissignedonthis(date)of(year)in(place)byandbetween(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)and(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB).本合同由公司(以下简称甲方)与公司(以下简称乙方)于年月日于地签订。例三：AAACorporation,Beijing,China（hereinafterreferredtoastheBuyer）asonepartyand（hereinafterreferredtoastheSeller）astheotherpartyagreetoauthorizetheirrepresentativestosignthepresentContractunderthefollowingtermsandconditions...合同一方中国北京AAA公司（以下简称买方）和合同另一方公司（以下简称卖方）允许授权各自代表签署现有合同，条款如下例四：ThiscontractismadebyandbetweentheSellersandtheBuyers;WherebytheSellersagreetosellandtheBuyersagreetobuytheundermentionedgoodsaccordingtothetermsandconditionsstipulatedbelowandoverleaf...本合同由买卖双方签订,凭此合同,卖方同意出售、买方允许购买根据下文和背面规定条款的如下货物好前言的叙述（Recital）部份，往往由whereas引导的句子（鉴于条款）后，再接nowtherefore...（最为常见）等结构。例一：Nowtherefore,inconsideration