Unit+5+Lesson+3+Understanding+课件【知识精研+拓展延伸】高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit5Education

Lesson3UnderstandingLearningobjectives01020304Icanread,spellanduse

newwords

andphrasesinthislesson.Icantalkabouthowtoacquireknowledgeandachieveunderstandinginthepastandatpresent.Iwillstrengthenmybeliefinfightingforknowledge.IcanunderstandcoherenceincontextbylearningSkillbuilder(therepetitionofkeytermsorphrases,theuseofsynonymsandantonyms,linkingwords,pronouns).【Checkyourpreview】1.______________adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的2.______________n.

分析3.______________n.

等级4.______________adj.

皇家的；王室的5.______________adj.

效率低的6.______________n.

假定，假设7.______________adj.

极其重要的，必不可少的8.________________adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的9.________________n.

智慧10.________________n.

文明11.________________n.

阴影12.________________哲学家

______________________观察世界______________________搜索引擎______________________为某人辩护______________________往往会，倾向于______________________陈旧的观点______________________首先；第一______________________静止不动______________________赞成，认可，承认______________________被认为是______________________有时

______________________把……归功于______________________传统思想obviousanalysisrankroyalinefficientassumptionvitalrespectedcivilizationwisdomshadowphilosopherobservetheworldsearchenginecometoone’sdefencetend

toprimitiveideasatfirststand

stillapprove

ofbeknownasattimesowe……toconventional

thoughtActivateandshareHesaidtheEarthwasnotthecenteroftheUniverse.HesaidtheEarthmovedroundthesuninaperfectcircle.Hesaidtwoobjectsofdifferentweightwouldlandtogether.GalileoGalilei伽利略·伽利莱(1564-1642),anItalianphysicist（物理学家）,astronomer（天文学家）,andoneofthefoundersofmodernexperimentalscience.——伽利略·伽利莱Alltruthsareeasytounderstandoncetheyarediscovered;thepointistodiscoverthem.所有的真理一旦被发现就很容易理解；关键是要发现它们.

FrancisBacon(1561-1626)弗朗西斯·培根anEnglishphilosopher,isthefounderofBritishmaterialismandmodernexperimentalscience.Whoquestionsmuch,shalllearnmuch,andremembermuch.——弗兰西斯·培根多问，多学，多得。Plato

is

dear

to

me,

but

dearer

still

is

truth。.

-----亚里士多德AristotleisaGreekphilosopher.Heisthefounderoftheschoolofphilosophy.Hehasbeencalledthe“FatherofWesternPhilosophy”.----吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理Tostartwith,weneed__________.Then,we_________________________________________.Afterthat,we________________________________________________ReadandexploreHowdopeopleacquireknowledgeandachieveunderstandingnow?(para1)

questions

observetheworldaroundusandstudythefactsconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightonesHowdidpeopleacquireknowledgeandachieveunderstandinginthepast?(para2-3)FrancisBaconGalileoGalileiAristotlePeopleinthe17thcenturyReadandexplorefeelingwrongrightWhydidtheyprefertheprimitiveideasratherthantruth?PrimitiveTruthmistakesReadparagraph4-5andexplore:Q1:Whatshouldwedowhenacquiringknowledge?Q2:Whatattitudeshouldwehavetowardsthegreatmanofthepast?Why?Galileo

ends

up

under

house

arrest(软禁)

ReadandexploreWhatdoyouthinkthelastsentenceofthepassagemeans?Thesemenknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor;morevitaltoaman,andmorebeneficialtomankind,somemightsay,thanallthemoneyintheworld.Ithinkthelastsentenceofthetextmeansthatknowledgeandunderstandingaremoreimportantthanmoney.Theyaremorehelpfulandusefulbecausetheycanguideourwaysoflearningabouttheworldandhelpussolveproblemsallthetimewhilemoneycanjustbuycertaingoodsandsolveproblemsforsometime.ReadandexploreUnderstandingCoherenceinContextSkillBuilderReadandexploreCoherenceinapieceofwritingreferstotheprinciplethatallparagraphs,sentencesorideasinitfittogethersowellthattheyformaunitedwhole.WhatisCoherence(连贯性)?UnderstandingCoherenceinContextSkillBuilderReadandexploreYesterdaymorning,Iwenttoabookstore.Allthefoodsontheshelfareveryfreshandcheap.Asmyothertooksomebeautifulpiecesoffurniturehome.WhenIcameoutofthemovietheatre,Ifoundithadsnowedintheafternoon.昨天早上，我去了书店。架子上的所有食物都很新鲜和便宜。因为我妈带了很多漂亮的家具回家。当我走出电影院，我发现中午下雪了。TheimportanceofCoherence?AnextremeexampleofanincoherentparagraphUnderstandingCoherenceinContextSkillBuilderReadandexploreUsefulcohesivedevices?Therepetitionofkeytermsorphrasesmakesmeaningcoherentinatext.Theuseofsynonymsandantonymshelpsenhancecoherenceinatext.Linkingwordssuchassince,so,afterwards,then,although,but,however,etc.canhelpconnectmeaningsinsentences.Pronounssuchashe,she,it,they,etc.helpcarrymeaningonintothenextpointinatext.

Findoutwhateachpronounreferstointhetext.Example

Afterthat,weconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.(Para.1)ones=answers1....hewasgoingagainsttheviewsoftheday.(Para.2)he=________________2.Thiswascertainlynottheinterest...(Para.2)This=___________________3....whattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.(Para.2)they=____________________________________________thesearchforknowledgeFrancisBaconthechurchandmostpeople4.…theygrewangryandputhiminprison(Para.3)they=__________5.…thenitmustbeso.(Para.3)it=_____________6.Heisnowknownas…(Para.3)He=___________peopleassumptionGalileiReadandexploreItseemsobviousnowhowweacquireknowledgeandunderstanding.Tostartwith,weneedquestions.Then,tofindanswers,weobservetheworldaroundusandstudythefacts.Afterthat,weconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.AlthoughtodaywearemoreusedtotypingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettogiveusananswer,modernscientistsandthinkersarestillsolvingtheworld’sproblemswiththistypeofanalysis—luckilyforus.However,inthe17thcenturywhenFrancisBacon(1561-1626)suggestedthatthistypeofthinkingwasthewaytogainknowledge,hewasgoingagainsttheviewsoftheday.AlthoughBaconheldanimportantrankinKingJames’royalcourtofEngland,histrueinterestwasnottheday-to-day,slowandinefficientworkingstyleofthegovernment,buttheworthysearchforknowledge.Thiswascertainlynottheinterestofmostpeopleinhisdays.Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinthechurchthaninfacts,andpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564-1642),whoprovedtheideathat“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”,wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheir.Circlethelinkingwordsinthetextthatthewriterusedinordertoexpresshis/heropinioncoherently.Readandexplore

Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsanddidn’twanttochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.Infact,whenGalileiprovedthattheEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse,insteadofbelievinghim,peoplechosetobelieveviewsthatwerealmost2,000yearsold!ItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseprimitiveideasastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384-322BCE).HesaidthattheEarthmustbethecentreoftheuniversebecauseitfeltliketheEarthwasstandingstill.Galileidisagreed.Atfirst,peopleapprovedofhisstudiesandurgedhimtocontinue,butlaterwhenheprovedAristotlewrong,theygrewangryandputhiminprison.Theydidn’twanttoabandonwhatthey’dalwaysthoughtastrue.Andthisisstilloftentruetoday.Peoplemaketheassumptionthatifsomeoneimportantandrespectedsaysthatsomethingisright,thenitmustbeso.ButeventhoughAristotlewasagreatmanwhoinspiredmanygreatscientistsandphilosophersafterhim,hewaswrongattimes.AndGalileialsomademistakes.HeisnowknownasthefatherofastronomybuthebelievedthattheEarthmovedroundthesuninaperfectcircle.Hewaswrong.

Therefore,ourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusisconstantlygrowingandchanging.Inotherwords,welearnmoreeverydayandnoneofuscaneversitbackandsay,“Weknowitall.”Weneedtothankthegreatmenofthepastfortheirwisdom.Theyunderstoodthatwedon’tknoweverythingandprobablyneverwill,asthiswouldmeanaworldwithquestions.WeowesomuchofourknowledgeandunderstandingoftheworldtopeoplelikeBaconandGalilei,whowerebraveenoughtostepoutfromtheshadowsofconventionalthoughtinordertofindthekingdomofknowledgethattoday’scivilisationisbuiltupon.Thesemenknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor;morevitaltoaman,andmorebeneficialtomankind,somemightsay,thanallthemoneyintheworld.InadditionAdditionallyBesidesApartfromthiswhat’smore···tobeginwith/initiallymeanwhile,while,during,then,afterthat,afterward(s),next

,finally,atlast,【Homework】Whydidthewriterwritethispassage?Writedownyouranswerandshareinclass.

Sentenceanalysis1.However,inthe17thcenturywhenFrancisBaconsuggestedthatthistypeofthinkingwasthewaytogainknowledge,hewasgoingagainsttheviewsoftheday.(para2)然而，在17世纪，当弗兰西斯.培根表示这种思考方式是获取知识的途径时，他背离了当时的观念。e.g.Hisexpressionsuggestedthathewasverytired.他的表情暗示出他很累。Shewentagainsthermother’swishes.她违背了母亲的意愿。时间状语从句暗示，表明,其后的宾语从句用陈述语气违背，与…不符2.Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinreligionthaninfactsandpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei,who

provedscientificideassuchas“theearthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”,wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence..(para2)那