高三英语二轮复习阅读理解专题+推断题+【知识精研+拓展延伸】

赞同1.positiveadj.肯定的，积极的2.favorable

adj.赞成的，有利的3.approvaln.赞成，承认4.supportiveadj支持的5.

enthusiastic

adj.热心的；狂热的6.

defensiveadj.防卫的7.practicaladj.实际的8.logicaladj.合逻辑的9.

reasonableadj.合理的10.rational

adj.理性的否定1.negative

否定的，消极的2.disapproval不赞成3.criticaladj.批评的4.worriedadj.焦虑的5.impracticaladj.不实际的6.illogicaladj.不合逻辑的7.irrelevant

adj.不相关的8.radicaladj.激进的/ˈrædɪkl/9.biased

adj.有偏见的/ˈbaɪəst/10.prejudiced

adj.有成见的/ˈpredʒədɪst/11.conservative

adj.保守的怀疑1.suspiciousadj.怀疑的2.doubtful

adj.怀疑的3.puzzled

adj.困惑的4.confused

adj.困惑的客观(即好的坏的都说，选的可能性极大)1.objectiveadj.客观的2.netural

adj.中立的3.impartial

adj.公平的/ɪmˈpɑːʃl/4.impersonal

adj.客观的5.unbiased/ʌnˈbaɪəst/

adj.没有偏见的主观1.subjectiveadj.主观的2.tolerantadj.宽容的3.sensitiveadj.敏感的,易受伤害的4.scared

adj.恐惧的5.reserved

adj.保留的，包租的6.moderateadj.中等的，适度的/ˈmɒdərət/7.amazedadj吃惊的，惊奇的8.concernedadj.关心的，有关的9.amused

adj.可笑的10.curiousadj.好奇的11.unforgivingadj.不可饶恕的12.pitiful

adj.可怜的，令人同情的.13.stressfuladj.有压力的14.merciful

adj.仁慈的15.innocent

adj.无辜的，无罪的16.sociableadj.好交际的，友善的消极1.passive

adj.被动的，消极的2.negativeadj.消极的3.pessimistic

adj.悲观的/ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/4.depressedadj.消沉的，抑郁的5.frustratedadj.失意的，挫败的6.disappointedadj.失望的7.gloomy

adj.阴沉的，阴郁的8.indifferentadj.漠不关心的9unconcerned

adj.不关心的10.blueadj.忧郁的积极1.activeadj.主动的，积极的2.positiveadj.积极的，肯定的，3.optimisticadj.乐观的4.confidentadj.自信的，确信的5.interested

adj.感兴趣的，6.impressive

adj印象深刻的7.respective

adj.尊敬的8.persuasive/convincing有说服力的9.convincedadj.信服的高考中出现的文本出处

记叙类autobiography自传/ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi/

sciencefiction科幻小说

anovel

adiary

children’sliterature

说明类asciencereport

aresearchplanasciencemagazine

ahealthmagazinearesearchpaperabusinessreport

abookreview书评anofficialreportabiologytextbook生物课本应用类aguidebook指南/手册anadvertisement

anannouncement anexhibitionguide

atravelbrochure小册/ˈbrəʊʃə(r)/

2018.112019.62020.12020.72021.1总计细节理解3333315推理判断事实推断3333324写作意图211行文态度语篇来源11写作手法1人物性格1主旨大义文章主旨7段落主旨11最佳标题11111词义猜测词、词块115代词指代11划线句1高考英语提分阅读理解

？题

高考英语提分

阅读理解推断题

推理判断题细节推断，限定段落推断作者观点、态度推断写作目的、意图推断文章出处、来源推断写作手法推断预测、想象推断一.(一)细节推断：正确选项特点:1.间接性，即不是文中直接或明确说明的内容；2.客观性，不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点，“有理有据”3.两符合，即符合文章主旨、符合逻辑。干扰项特点：1.偷换概念:利用了原文的一部分结构和词汇，但在一些位置

换掉个别词，造成了语义的变化。2.扩大或缩小范围:对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面程度进

行了扩大或缩小处理。3.常识干扰:符合基本常识和我们对社会、生活等方面一些问

题的一般看法和认识，但不是文章的内容。4.颠倒是非:

涉及原文中提及的内容或现象，但选项的意思与原

文恰恰相反。5.无中生有:

凭空捏造原文不存在的细节，形成迷惑和干扰。6.推理过头:

引申过度,

使结论过于绝对化。(2022浙江1月)Thesewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.Duringthattime,44ofthewomendevelopeddementia.Fivepercentofthehighlyfitwomendevelopeddementia,comparedto25percentofthewomenwithmediumfitnessand32percentofthewomenwithlowfitness.1.WhatdoweknowaboutDrHörder’sstudy?A.Itaimedtofindacurefordementia.

B.Datacollectionwasalengthyprocess.

C.Someparticipantswithdrewfromit.

D.Theresultswerefarfromsatisfactory.一.(一)细节推断颠倒是非无中生有重温易错(2021丽水二模B篇)

Butmanypeoplethinkthistrenddoesnogood.SarahToule,headofhealthinformationatWorldCancerResearchFund,toldtheBBC:“It’sfrighteningthatpeople,especiallyyoungergenerations,areeatingsomuchfastfoodloadedwithfat,sugarandsalt,butofferslittlenutritionalvalue.”Sheadded,“Especiallyhighincalories,fastfoodleadstounhealthyweightgain—whichinturnincreasestheriskof11cancerslaterinlife.”Sowhatistherightthingtodo?Toulesuggestedthatyoungpeopleshouldpreparemealsinadvanceandlearntoincludethedifferentfoodgroupsintheirdiets.2.AccordingtoSarahToule,fastfood

.A.can’tprovideenoughnutritionforeaters B.willleadto11cancersC.canhelploseweight D.iseasytoprepareaheadoftime偷换概念颠倒事实无中生有重温易错▶Practice

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.3.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.▶Practice

Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5’×5’sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.4.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.It’sdelicate. B.It’sexpensive.C.It’scomplex. D.It’sportable.

Bytheendofhislifetime,FrosthadbecomeafamousandbelovedAmericanpoet.Hispoemsdescribetheeverydaydetailsofrurallifeandrevealhiscomplexity,independentspirit,andoftenhumorousviewoftheworld.Frost’sbiographer(传记作者)wroteofhim:“Hewasalonerwholikedcompany;apoetofisolation(孤独)whosoughtamassaudience;anoutsiderwhosoughttofitin...Whilepreferringtostayathome,hetraveledmorethananypoetofhisgenerationtogivelecturesandreadings,eventhoughheremainedfrightenedofpublicspeakingtotheend.”5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

.A.poetsofFrost’stimedidn’tlikegivinglecturesB.Frost’spoetryisverycomplexbutentertainingC.thereisapparentcontradictioninFrost’scharacterD.Frost’sbiographerwasn’thonestabouthisexperience(二)限定段落推断二.作者观点、态度推断设题方式：1.Whatstheauthor’sattitudetowards...?2.Whatistheopinionofthewriterinthispassage?3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“...”?4.Fromthe..paragraph,whatdoyouthinkthe

authorwantstotellus?5.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthor

agreewith?三类观点态度:

支持、赞同、乐观;

反对、批评、怀疑、悲观;

中立、客观。(2021丽水二模)Thethingis,thetoiletpaper-obsessedshoppershavebeeninfectedwithsomethingmanytimesmorecontagious(感染性的)thananycoronavirus:fear.“Peoplearesocialcreatures.Welooktoeachotherforcuesforwhatissafeandwhatisdangerous,”StevenTaylor,aclinicalpsychologistattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,tellsFoxNews.“Andwhenyouseesomeoneinthestorepanic-buying,thatcancauseafearcontagioneffect.Peoplebecomeanxiousaheadoftheactualinfection.Theyhaven’tthoughtaboutthebiggerpicture,likewhataretheconsequencesofhoardingtoiletpaper.”6.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthehoardingtoiletpaper?A.Uninterested. B.Negative. C.Supportive. D.Curious.重温易错5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTitterton’sjobonstage?A.Boring. B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.(2021新高考B)“AlotofskillsareneededforthejobBeingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpracticeButlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong重温易错三.文章写作目的、意图推断：作者写文章的目的:toentertainreaders(常见于故事类的文章）;topersuadereaders

（常见于广告或议论文）;toinformreaders（常见于文化类、社会类、科普类、新闻报道类)。解题方法：语篇特点

1.记叙文:

一般会在首段或尾段出现隐含作者写作意图的总结性语言；2.说明文:一般会在文中反复出现所要说明的事物或者道理；3.议论文:

作者的写作意图往往在结论之中；4.广告类应用文:全文会对所介绍的商品、服务内容等进行详尽的叙述。

Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline(装配线)onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.8.Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2?A.ToexplainAmericans’lovefortravellingbycar.B.ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D.TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica’sroadsystem.重温易错四.段落写作目的推断

：解题策略：1.开头提出问题——让读者思考,引起读者关注2.开头举例、用谚语、名言——引出主题或话题3.列举事例——说明文章或段落的主题4.运用比拟比喻——让读者容易理解抽象或陌生的事物5.文中引语、事例、研究的数据和研究——说明或论证某个观点9.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?（2019.6B)A.Womentendedtobemoresociable.B.Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.C.Economicproblemsweregettingworse.D.Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic（社会经济的）backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars."五.文章出处、来源推断根据语篇特征+语篇内容推断文章出处：1.文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称>newspaper2.推销介绍新产品-→advertisement3.文章中有clickhere等网络用语-→website:4.旅游胜地方面的介绍→travelguide5.时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍→magazine/entertainmentsection6.科普知识-→sciencereport7.文化教育性的文章→educationsection高考中出现的文本出处

记叙类autobiography自传

sciencefiction科幻小说

anovel

adiary

children’sliterature

说明类asciencereport

aresearchplanasciencemagazine

ahealthmagazinearesearchpaperabusinessreport

abookreview书评anofficialreportabiologytextbook生物课本应用类aguidebook指南/手册anadvertisement

anannouncement anexhibitionguide

atravelbrochure小册(2022浙江1月)

“Itiscuriousthatnoonehasputtogetherahistoryofboththesteamandelectricrevolutions.”writesMauryKleininhisbookThePowerMakers:Steam,Electricity,andtheMenWhoInventedModern

America.Klein,anotedhistorianoftechnology,spinsanarrative(叙述)solivelythatattimesitreadslikea

novel....Toframehistory,KleincreatesthecharacterofNed,afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman’slifetime.It’satechniquethathelpsturnalongnarrativeintoaninterestingone.10.Whatis

thetext?

A.Abiography.B.Abookreview.

C.Ashortstory.D.Asciencereport.重温易错六.写作手法推断1.Theauthordevelopsthethirdparagraphmainlyby_______.2.Thethirdparagraphisdevelopedmainlyby________.3.Howisthepassage/textmainlydeveloped?常见写作手法：★分类法（byclassification）★比较法（bycomparison,）★举例法（byexample,byprovidingexamples）★因果法（bycauseandeffect）★定义法（bydefinition）★时序法（byfollowingtheorderoftime）★分析原因法（byanalyzingcause）★引入数据或研究（byusingdataormentioningsomestudies）★描述法（bydescription）(七彩阳光A篇)...Ihadbeentryingwithnosuccesstohaveasecondchild.WehadmadeanabruptmovefromNewYorkCitytoruralConnecticutinthewakeofSeptember11.Mymotherhadrecentlydied.Iwasstillshrinkingfromadifficultandfrighteningyear.Ifoundmyselfquestioningeverythingentirely:“Doesanyofthismakesense?”“Everythingaboutyoumakessense,”saidmytherapist....Myhusband,ascreenwriter,isoftenaskedtoadaptbiographiesforfilm,andthestruggle,heoftensayisthatliveshavefirstacts,buttheydon'thavethirdacts(untilthey'reover)andsecondactsarejustonethingafteranother.Sohowtounderstandthenarrativesofourlives?Howtotrustthataboutusmakessense?LatelyI’vebeenwonderingifperhapstheanswertothisisnottoevenattempttohingsout.Sure,life'sisnothinginnotunexpected

surprise,bothhappyandnotso-happyones.11.Howdoestheauthormakeherpointconvincing?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bymakingacomparison. C.Byusingdata. D.Bypresentingfindings.重温易错(温二模

)ButwhenStettlerandhisteamanalyzedflightdatatheyobtainedofJapanairspace,theyfoundthatmostcontrailwarmingwascausedbyjust2percentofflights.Andmostofthoseflightsoriginatedinthelateafternoonbecauseasthesungoesdown,coolingcannolongeroffset(抵消)thewarming.Andthewarmingeffectcontinuestoexistthroughouttheeveningintothenight.Butwhatifthecontrailsthatcontributethemosttowarmingcouldbegotridof?12.Whatismostlikelytobetalkedaboutnext?A.AfutureplanforJapanairspace.

B.Thenegativeinfluenceofcontrails.C.Otherpotentialcausesofcontrails.

D.Apossiblewaytoremovecontrails.重温易错七.预测、想象推断解题技巧:语篇结构+句段逻辑关系Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).28Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A.Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B.Banningwoodcutting.C.Limitinghousingdevelopment.D.Firecontrolmeasures.巩固练习一.(一)细节推断TheteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofLincoln,UK,isdesigningandbuildinganapptohelpfarmersinhotclimatesidentifyandrecordthespreadoflocustsontheirland.Byrecognizinglocuststhroughthesmartphone’scamera,theappwillbeabletoidentifythestageoftheinsect’sgrowthandrecorditslocation.Thisinformationcanthenbeutilizedsothatthefarmerscanusepesticidesmoreaccuratelyintheearlystagesoftheirlifetime,greatlyreducingtheamountofcropdamage.13.Whatdoweknowabouttheappmentionedinthepassage?A.Ithashelpedfarmersrecordthespreadoflocusts.B.Itwillbeofgreatuseforfarmersinhotclimates.C.Itmaycostthefarmersmorethantheyexpect.D.Itwillremindfarmersofwhatthelocustslooklike.

Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon’tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn’tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(亲密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There’sawholelotgoingon.14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Theworldischangingfasterthanever.B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.D.PeopleinDarwin’stimewereimaginative.(二).限定段落推断（2018北京D)Thepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist's

dream，yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparently

now.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilfor

companiestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthe

wayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars...

Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn'textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlled

transportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancement

presentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedto

movemorepeople,andmoreaffordably:The

carofthefutureiscoming.Wejust

havetoplanforit.15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?

A.Doubtful.

B.Positive.

C.Disapproving.

D.Sympathetic.二.观点态度:(2020新高考C)ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬礼）followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.16.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell’sroadtripinUzbekistan?A.Romantic.

B.Eventful.

C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.(2020.1A)Ineverknewanyonewho’dgrownupinJacksonwithoutbeingafraidofMrs.Calloway,ourlibrarian.SheranJackson’sCarnegieLibraryabsolutelybyherself.SILENCEinbigblackletterswasonsignshungeverywhere.Ifshethoughtyouweredressedimproperly,shesentyoustraightbackhometochangeyourclothes.Iwaswilling;Iwoulddoanythingtoread.MymotherwasnotafraidofMrs.Calloway.Shewishedmetohavemyownlibraryc