正误判断42022届高三英语阅读专项拆分训练

2022届高三阅读专项拆分训练——正误判断类【4】【1】Anytimeweburnfossilfuels,we'repumpingfineparticulatematter(细颗粒物)fromoil,gasandothertoxins(毒素)intotheair."Someofthesecarbonparticlescanpersistinthelungsfordecades,"saysDr.DonSin,arespirologist(呼吸学家)anddirectoroftheCentreforHeartLungInnovationinVancouver.Over7,000Canadiansdiedfromcomplicationsduetopoorairqualityin2022.AstudyintheEuropeanHeartJournalearlierthisyearfoundthatairpollutionnowkills8.8millionpeopleworldwideperyear—morethantobaccosmoking.Sinaddsthatwomen'slungsseemparticularlyeasytogetcancerfrompollution.Currently,10,000Canadianwomendieoflungcancereveryyear,and15percentofnewcasesarepeoplewhohaveneversmoked."InCanada,lung-cancerdeathsinfemalenon-smokerswillverysoonprobablyoutnumberthedeathsfrombreastcancer,becauselungcancerissodeadly,"hesays.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?15percentofCanadianwomenhaveneversmoked. 1,000Canadianwomendieoflungcancereveryyear.Airpollutionhaskilled8.8millionpeopleintheworld. Over7,000Canadiansdiedasaresultofairpollutionin2022.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Over7,000Canadiansdiedfromcomplicationsduetopoorairqualityin2022.在2022年，超过7,000名加拿大人死于空气质量差引起的并发症。故选D。【2】KnapofHowarOneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworldistheKnapofHowar,whichdatesbackto3700—3500BCE.Thefarmhouseisoneoftheoldest,still-standingstonehousesinEurope.ArchaeologistssayIrishorScottishmonkscouldbethefirstbuildersandresidentsoftheKnapofHowar.GgantijaTemplesTheMegalithicTemplesofMalta,ortheGgantijaTemples,datebackto3600to3200BCE.ThetwotemplesontheislandofMaltaareUNESCOWorldHeritagesites.It'soneoftheoldestfree-standingmonumentsintheworld.Shunetel-ZebibShunetel-Zebibispartiallystanding,butmostlyinruins.It'sstill,however,oneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworld.TheEgyptiantemplebuiltin2750BCEisofmudandbrick.Ithasanundergroundtombaswellasanabove-groundcomplex.TombofCyrusBuiltin530BCE,theTombofCyrusisoneofIran'sWorldHeritageSitesandoneoftheoldestbuildingsontheplanet.It'salsobelievedtobeoneofthefirstearthquake-protectedstructuresintheworld,accordingtoAtlasObscura.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?Shunetel-Zebibisearthquakeprotected. B.TombofCyrushasanundergroundtomb.C.GgantijaTemplesarebuiltbyIrishmonks. D.KnapofHowarmaybetheoldestbuildingamongthefour.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据KnapofHowar部分中的OneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworldistheKnapofHowar,whichdatesbackto3700—3500BCE.及其他三个建筑的时间可知，世界上最古老的建筑之一是霍沃尔小山，它可以追溯到公元前3700—3500年。所以霍沃尔小山是这四幢建筑中最古老的。故选D。【3】Karatewillshowyoualotofsimpleandeffectivetechniquestoprotectyourself,givingyouincreaseself-confidence.Fartoomanypeoplethinkmartialarts(武术)areaboutviolence.Martialartstrainingisbasedonalotofrespect,self-discipline,self-controlandnon-violence.Welearnbasicetiquette(礼节),courtesy(礼仪)andtolerance.Goodmannersandconsiderationforothersareexpectedatalltimes.Karateisthepracticeofblockingandstrikingtechniquesforthepurposeofself-defence,healthandself-development.Karateexercisestheentirebody.RegulartraininginKarateimprovesthebody'sphysicalenduranceandflexibility.Italsohelpsconcentrationandproducesthementalcalmandassurancethatcomefromknowingwecandefendourselves.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutKarateistrue?Itcultivatespeople'srespectforthemselvesaswellasforothers. B.Itinvolvespeople'sarmmusclesmorethanbodymusclesC.Itmakespeoplehealthyphysicallyinsteadofmentally. D.Itfocusesasmuchonself-defenceasonattack.【答案】A【解析】根据第二段的Welearnbasicetiquette,courtesyandtolerance.Goodmannersandconsiderationforothersareexpectedatalltimes.可知，跆拳道能够培养人的自尊，礼仪，和为他人着想的思维。A项“它培养人们对自己和他人的尊重”符合以上说法。故选A。【4】Everymorning,BenMumfordstartshisschooldaywithmath.Attheageoften,heisalreadyworkingatGCSElevel.Hereadsmorebooksthanmostofhisfriends,studiesscienceonthebeach,andrecentlybuiltago-kart(卡丁车)inatechnologylesson.Benishappyandfulfilled,all,hismotherbelieves,thankstohomeschooling.Homeschoolingisnotwhatitusedtobe.Thenumberofhomeschooledchildrenhasrisenbyabout40percentoverthreeyears.Hereareahandfulofreasonswhyhomeschoolingmakessenseinthe21stcentury.Contrarytothename,homeschoolingtakesplaceinanactualhomeonlyasmallpartoftime.Agreatdealofinstructionhappensinlibraries,museumsandcommunitycolleges.Theseexperienceshavetheeffectofhelpingkidsmaturemuchmorequicklyanddevelopingacharacteristicofopen-mindedness.Thekeyideaofhomeschoolingisthatkidsneedtolearnatthespeed,andinthestyle,mostappropriateforthem.Withoutformalcurriculumtoguidetheireducation,homeschoolersgetthechancetoexplorearangeoftopicsthatmightnotbenormallyoffereduntilhighschoolorcollege.Theycanstudypsychologyinthefourthgrade,orfinanceintheeighthgrade.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?Homeschoolersgrowupmorequickly. B.Homeschoolershavetroublemakingfriends.C.Homeschooledchildrenlearninthewaytheylike. D.Homeschooledchildrenjuststayathomeandgetknowledge.【答案】A【解析】根据第三段中的Agreatdealofinstruction...anddevelopingacharacteristicofopen-mindedness.可知，这些经历能帮助孩子们更快地成熟，并培养出开放的思想。由此可知，在家上学者可以更迅速地成长。故选A。【5】AsRobertWinstontookatrain,awomanhadpickedupherphoneandbegunaloudconversation.Furious,Winstontookherpictureandsentittohis40,000followersonTweet.Whenthetrainarrivedatitsdestination,Winstonrushedout.He'dhadenoughofthewoman'srudeness.Butthepresswerenowwaitingforherontheplatform.AndwhentheyshowedherWinston'smessages,sheusedjustonewordtodescribeWinston'sactions:rude.Winston'staleissomethingofamicrocosm(缩影)ofourageofincreasingrudeness.Whatcanwedotofixthis?Wemustcombatrudenessheadon.ForWinston,thatwouldhavemeantapproachingthewoman,tellingherthatherconversationwasfrustratingotherpassengersandpolitelyaskinghertospeakmorequietly.Whenweseeitoccurinastore,wemuststepupandsaysomething.Ifithappenstoacolleague,wemustpointitout.Wemustdefendstrangersinthesamewaywe'ddefendourbestfriends.Butwecandoitwithgrace,byhandlingitwithoutatraceofaggressionandwithoutbeingrudeourselves.Becauseoncerudepeoplecanseetheiractionsthroughtheeyesofothers,theyarefarmorelikelytoendthatstrainthemselves.Asthistideofrudenessrises,civilizationneedscivility.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutthelastparagraph?Wecanonlypointoutrudenessfromfamiliarpeople. B.Rudenessandmannerscanhardlycoexistincivilizedsociety.C.Bothstrangersandacquaintancesdeserveourfriendlywarning. D.Rudepeoplecan'tseetheirrudenessthroughothers'eyes.【答案】C【解析】根据最后一段中的Wemustdefendstrangersinthesamewaywe'ddefendourbestfriends.可知，我们必须保护陌生人，就像保护我们最好的朋友一样。由此可知，C选项“陌生人和熟人都值得我们友好地警告。”与文意相符。故选C。【6】TheimportanceofreadingliteratureoftenseemslostonmanyChinesepeople.Evenexpertsineducationthinkthatthefirstgoalofeducationistoencouragealoveoflearning.Thereisthereforethepossibilityofsomethingwrongwiththewaystudentsaretaughthere.Whyshouldtheyreadliterature?Dostorieshavevaluecomparedwiththereadingandlearningoffacts?Studiesshowclearlythatthemostpowerfulwaysoflearningarebyexperience,actionanddoingexperimentsandtakingrisks.Yettherearesomanyimportantthingstolearnthatcannotbelearnedintheseways:feelings,problemsolving,dangerandrelationships,forexample.Researchintothishasshownhowdeepreadingisavaluableexperiencedifferenttoalearningofwordsorfacts.Keen(热心的)readersofliteratureshowabetterunderstandingofothers.Theirabilitiestomakegooddecisionsareraised.Youngchildrenwhoenjoyaparentreadingstoriestothemshowgreaterawareness(意识)whentheyreachschoolage.WhichisnotamongthemostpowerfulwaysoflearningaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Byexperience. B.Bytakingrisks. C.Byreadingdeeply. D.Bydoingexperiments.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Studiesshowclearlythatthemostpowerfulwaysoflearningarebyexperience,actionanddoingexperimentsandtakingrisks.可知，深度阅读不是第二段提及的有效方法。故选C。【7】TheGoldenGateBridgeisasuspensionbridge(悬索桥)spanningtheGoldenGate,thestraitbetweenSanFranciscoandMarinCountytothenorth.ItisthemasterworkofarchitectJosephB.Strauss,whosestatuegracesthesouthernobservationdeck.Thebridgetooksevenyearstobuild,andwascompletedin1937.TheGoldenGateBridgeusedtobethelongestsuspensionbridgespanintheworld.AndtodayithasbecomeoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsinSanFranciscoandCalifornia.Sinceitscompletion,thespanlengthhasbeensurpassedbyeightotherbridges.Thefamousred-orangecolorofthebridgewasspecificallychosentomakethebridgemoreeasilyvisiblethroughthethickfogthatfrequentlycoversthebridge.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEabouttheGoldenGateBridge?Thespanlengthranksthe8thintheworld. B.Itscolorenablestravelerstoseeiteasilyonfoggydays.C.ItisthemostpopulartouristattractioninAmerica. D.IttookJosephB.Strauss7yearstodesignthebridge.【答案】B【解析】根据Thefamousred-orangecolor...coversthebridge.可知，金门大桥的红橙色是特意选出来的，为了让人们能更容易透过厚厚的雾看清桥上的状况。故选B。【8】Itseemsthatrankingfilmswellisalwaysatoughtask.Superherofilmsareevenmoreso.Recently,TheGuardian(卫报)hasselectedthreeofthemostpopularMarvelfilms.