树木学课件：裸子植物常见形态术语

裸子植物常见形态术语山东农业大学林学院黎巴嫩雪松Cedruslibani裸子植物常见形态术语树皮Thuja崖柏属纵裂片状剥落鳞块状纵裂浅纵裂长条状浅裂Ginkgobiloba银杏Pinusbungeana白皮松

Pinustabulaeformis油松Metasequoia水杉

bark裸子植物常见形态术语枝条类型长枝

longbranch短枝spurshoots

短枝——节间极不发育的枝条。短枝细枝twig裸子植物常见形态术语叶类型1刺形Awl-like

条形flattened四棱状条形4-angledflattened针形needleJuniperus刺柏属Podocarpus罗汉松属Picea云杉属

Pinus松属

裸子植物常见的叶形狭窄，多为条形、针形、刺形、鳞形、钻形、披针形，稀见扇形、椭圆形，因此，林业界将此类树种称之为针叶树，组成的森林为针叶林。leaf裸子植物常见形态术语叶类型2扇形

fan-shaped钻形鳞形

scale披针形

lanceolateCryptomeriaGinkgoChamaecyparisCunninghamia长椭圆形

longellipticalPodocarpus罗汉松属

椭圆形

ellipticalGnetum买麻藤leaf裸子植物常见形态术语叶着生方式1螺旋状互生叶在长枝上互生，短枝上簇生针叶束生PinusPiceaPiceaCedrus2针3针裸子植物常见形态术语叶着生方式2叶交互对生叶轮生Juniperus_MetasequoiaDiselma

Thuja裸子植物常见形态术语球花构造1

球花是裸子植物的有性生殖器官。雄球花：由多数雄蕊着生在中轴上形成。雌球花：由多数着生胚珠的鳞片组成：在松科、杉科、柏科和南洋杉科中，雌球花由多数着生胚珠的珠鳞和苞鳞组成。雄球花PiceaPinusPinus裸子植物常见形态术语球花构造2雌球花珠鳞胚珠直立授粉滴松科

Pinaceae柏科

CupressaceaeLarixPinusPiceaJuniperus

Cupressus

珠鳞苞鳞裸子植物常见形态术语柏科Cupressaceae松科Pinaceae球果是松、杉、柏科成熟的雌球花。由多数腹面着生种子的种鳞和种鳞背面的苞鳞组成。球果1conesPseudotsugaPinusPiceaThuja杉科TaxodiaceaeCupressusTaxodium黄杉属裸子植物常见形态术语柏科Cupressaceae松科Pinaceae

种鳞和苞鳞在松科和杉科（除水杉属）为螺旋状着生；柏科和水杉属为交互对生。种鳞螺旋状着生种鳞交互对生水杉属

Metasequoia球果2conesSequoia红杉属杉科Taxodiaceae松科Pinaceae裸子植物常见形态术语松科球果特征：种鳞与苞鳞完全分离！球果3conesAbies冷杉属苞鳞种鳞PinusAbies冷杉属裸子植物常见形态术语鳞盾：种鳞肥厚露出的盾形部分鳞脐：鳞盾顶端或中央凸起或凹下部分，背生或顶生鳞脊：鳞盾上丛向或横向的脊。鳞盾鳞脊鳞盾种鳞球果4cones松属球果Pinus鳞脐(背生）鳞脐(顶生）裸子植物常见形态术语球果5杉科和柏科球果特征：种鳞与苞鳞愈合！柏科Cupressaceae杉科TaxodiaceaeconesCupressusWiddringtoniaTaxodiumMetasequoiaSequoia北美红杉属裸子植物常见形态术语种子种子种翅松、杉、柏科的种子具翅或无翅图为松科树种的种子，其种子上端有翅Seed松属(Pinus)种子

Seedplantsallofwhichproducewoodystems.LiketheCycadsandGinkgoesarewellrepresentedinthefossilrecordwithmembersdatingfromtheupperCarboniferous.Unliketheseother"gymnosperm"phyla,however,theconifersareimportanttodayeconomicallyandecologically.Thegroupconsistsofaround550speciesarrangedinsevenfamilies.AllsevenfamiliescanbedatedbacktotheMezazoic.

VegetativeCharacteristics:Allmembersproduceabundantsecondaryxylemandgrowaseithertreesorshrubs.Trachiaryelementsinthexylemincludeonlytracheids,andthesieveelementsofthephloemincludeonlysievecells.Leavesaremacrophyllsbuttaketheformofneedlesorscalesformostspecies.

ReproductiveCharacteristics:Dioeciousormoneciousplants.Pollen(microgametophyes)isproducedinmicrosporangiatestobili(pollencones)madeupofsporophyllswherethepollensacs(microsporangia)areborneonthelowersurface.Allspeciesarewind-pollinated.Spermarenotflagellatedandarecarrieddirectlytotheeggbymeansofapollentube.WiththeexceptionoftheTaxaceae,ovulesareborneincomplexorsecondarilyreducedmegasporangiatestobili(seedcones)consistingofseedscalesbearingovules.Asterilebractsubtendsthese.Togetherth