高考阅读理解D篇集训（七）

高考阅读理解D篇集训（七）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。P061PartsoftheAmazonrainforestarenowreleasingmorecarbondioxidethantheyabsorb,disruptinganimportantbalancingactthatsignalsaworseningoftheclimatecrisis,accordingtoanewstudy.Findingsfromthenearlydecade—longresearchproject,publishedWednesdayinthejournalNature,suggestthatdeforestationandfire,amongotherfactors,havedramaticallyundercuttheAmazon’sabilitytoabsorbheat-trappingcarbonemissions(排放)fromtheatmosphere.ResearcherswhoroutinelytestedtheatmosphereatfourareasinAmazoniatwiceamonthoveranine-yearperiodfoundthatnotonlyarecarbonemissionshigherintheeasternareasoftherainforestthaninthewesternareas,butthatthesoutheasternareaisputtingmorecarbondioxideintotheatmospherethanitabsorbs.TheeasternAmazonisahotspotofdeforestationtoimproveloggingandagriculture,includingcattlefarms.Inadditiontodeforestationandfires,thestudysaystheriseinemissionsfromtheAmazonhasbecomefasterbecauseofwarmingtemperaturesand“moisture(湿度)stress”duringthedryseason.Theeasternareashavelessmoisturethanthewestduringalready—difficultdryperiods,whichnowhavebecomedrierandhavelastedlongerduetoclimatechange.Forgenerations,Amazonia,whichspansmorethantwomillionsquaremiles,wasareliablecarbonsink,meaningthatitnaturallyabsorbedhighlevelsofcarbondioxidefromtheair,anditplayedanimportantroleinkeepingtheglobalenvironmentstable.However,inrecentdecades,humanshaveincreasinglycontributedtotheworseconditionoftheAmazon,upsettinganimportantnaturalbalance.Ofthe17%offorestreductionthatoccurredoverthelast50years,about54%ofthatlosttotheagriculturalindustry,whichhasburnedthelandanduseditforcropsandlivestock,thereportstates.Burningtherainforesttomakeroomforcropsandlivestockcanposedangersfortheclimate,evendecadesafterthosefiresoccur.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthestudy?A.Itfocusesonglobalcarbonemission. B.Itlastsformorethan10years.C.Itisbasedonsamerandomtests. D.Ithelpswiththeclimateproblems.Whyarecarbonemissionshigherintheeasternareasthaninthewest?A.Itishotterhere. B.Itisdamperhere.C.Morefiresbreakouthere. D.Moratreesarecutdownhere.What’sthemainpurposeofdeforestationintheAmazonoverthelastfivedecades?A.Toplantcrops. B.Todevelopagriculture.C.Toraiselivestock. D.Toimprovelogging.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.WhytheAmazonisingreatdangeratpresent.B.WhytheAmazonisconsideredtobeacarbonsink.C.WhymorecarbondioxideisreleasedintheAmazon.D.WhymoretreesarecutdownintheAmazonatpresent.32-35DDBCP062Whenwedaydream,weoftenthinkoffutureplansorpastexperiences,butforsome,thosethoughtstendtobenegative.Toexploretheinnerworld,researchersconductedtwostudies,whichrequiredparticipantstositaloneinaroomfortenminuteswithoutaccesstotechnology.Themaininstructionfromresearcherswastocontinuouslyvoicealoudwhatevercametomind.Participantswerethenaskedtocomparethesethoughtstothosetheyhadexperienced.Inthefirststudy,27participantsvoicedtheirthoughtsaloud,whichwererecordedandthenanalyzed.Thesecondstudyconsistedofthesameexercisecompletedby51participants,whoalsocompletedarumination(沉思)questionnaire.Thefindingsshowedparticipantswithhigherscoresontheruminationscalewereassociatedwithmorenegative,past-orientedandself-focusedthinking.Theseparticipantsalsospentmoretimefocusingonnegativethoughts.“Wesawhowsomepeoplebecamestuckinnegativethoughts,”saysthestudy’sco-authorJessicaHanna.“Afterseeingwhatruminationlookslikeinaction,wecannowstarttoexplorehowtherapies(治疗)worktoimproveone’smentalhealth,possiblybychangingwhatandhowwethinkwhenwehavefreetimeonourhands.”“Whilementalbreakswereassociatedwithruminativethinkingformanyparticipants,othersleftthestudy,feelingrefreshedandinspired.”JessicaHannasays.Partofthiscouldbetheresultofoursociety’s“staybusy”tendency.JessicaHannasays,“Ourstudyalsosuggeststheneedtolearnhowtoproperlyrelaxinordertoexperiencethefullbenefitsoffreetime.”Afteranhourofwatchingvideosonline,we’reoftenleftfeelingempty.Thathourcouldbeputtobetterusebyusingittoplananadventureorexerciseourcreativity.Forfolkswhofrequentlythinknegatively,smallchangesinbehaviorcanalsopromoteashift.Forexample,findwaystopracticegratitudethroughoutyourday.Asatypeofcopingexercise.thisallowsthebraintoidentifyenoughpositivethoughtstofightthenegativeones.Whatweretheparticipantsforbiddentododuringthestudies?A.Recalltheirpast. B.Usetheirmobilephones.C.Voicealoudtheirthoughts. D.Sharetheirownexperiences.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefindingsofthestudies?A.Negativethoughtswererelatedtomorerumination.B.Properruminationcontributedtopositivethoughts.C.Thetendencytothinknegativelyinlifeiscommon.D.Mentalbreakshavelittleinfluenceonourmentalhealth.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3and4?A.Weneedtostaybusytoavoidnegativethoughts.B.Ourmentalhealthislinkedtoourdeepthinking.C.Weshouldfindwaystohavemorepositivethoughts.D.Ourwanderingmindsteachusalotaboutmentalhealth.Howcanweimproveourmentalhealth?A.Bydecreasingourscreentime,B.Bychangingourroutinesoften.C.Bytakingpartinrelaxingactivities.D.Bykeepingourbrainactiveinfreetime.32-35BADAP063Humansocietiesdependonhealthyecosystems(生态系统).Peopleusetheirproductsintheshapeoffish,meat,cropsandfiberssuchascottonandsilk.Medicinesmaybedirectlyharvestedfromthenaturalworldorinspiredbymolecules(分子)andelementsfoundwithinit.Throughlightreaction,treesandotherplantstakeincarbonandpumpoutoxygen.Theservicesthatecosystemsprovidetohumansdepend,inturn,ontherebeingadiversityoflivingthings.Morethan75%ofglobalfood-croptypes,includingcoffee,cocoaandalmonds,arepollinated(授粉)byanimals.Thecomplexwebsupportingeveryfoodchainandecosystemmeansthatthenarrowrangeofspeciesthathumanseatandexploitcannotbesustained(维持)withouttheexistenceofamuchgreaterdiversityofanimals,plantsandbacteria.WhenIPBESpublisheditsassessmentofthestateofglobalbiodiversityin2019,itofferedasoberingpicture.Roughly1millionanimalandplantspecieswereconsideredtobeatriskofextinction.Theseincludedmanythatareusedinfarming.Atleast9%ofthe6,200sortsofhousetrainedmammalsthathumanseat,orusetoproducefood,hadbecomeextinctby2016,andatleast1,000morearethreatened.Andonethirdofoceanfishstockswerebeingunsustainableexploitedin2015.Surveysalsoshowthatthelossofbiodiversityistheresultofacombinationoffactors:climatechange,pollution,humanexploitationofland,sea,plantsandanimals,andthemovementofsomespeciesintonewterritorieswheretheydestroyexistingecosystems.Understandingaproblem,however,isanecessarysteptowardssolvingit.Andthatiswheretechnologycanhelp.Ironically(讽刺地),itishumans’useoftechnology,whetherinsimpleformssuchaschainsaws(链锯)ordragnets,ormorecomplexonessuchasmodernagricultureandtransportation,thatischieflyresponsibleforbiodiversityloss.Thechallengenowistoarrangeitsothatitisnotjustpartoftheproblem,butpartofthesolution.Whatdoesparagraph1trytotell?A.Greatsuccessachievedbyhumansocieties.B.People’sroleinreconstructingtheecosystems.C.People’swisdomandexperienceinexploitingnature.D.Benefitsbroughtbyecosystemstohumansocieties.Inparagraph2,theauthortriestoexplaintherelationshipbetween__________.A.humansandecosystems B.ecosystemsandbiodiversityC.animalsandfoodchain D.biodiversityandresourcesWhatdoestheunderlinedword“sobering”inparagraph3mean?A.Saddening. B.Comprehensive.C.Concrete. D.Thorough.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagree?A.Weneedtoridtechnologytopromotebiodiversity.B.Lossofbiodiversityissimplyrelatedtohumanactivities.C.Technologyisdouble-edgedwhenitcomestobiodiversity.D.Climatechangeposesgreaterrisksthanlossofbiodiversity.32-35DBACP064YellowfeverbegantospreadinBrazilin2016.Morethan2,000peoplegotsick,and750died.Thediscaseisalsoseverelythreateningthegoldenliontamarin,alittlemonkey,livingintherainforestofsoutheasternBrazil.Thediseasekilledaboutone-thirdofitspopulation,whichwassmallevenbeforetheoutbreak.So,scientistscreatedavaccinetoprotectthemonkeys.Thevaccinationcampaignbeganlastyear.Butvaccinatinganimalstoprotecttheirspeciesfromextinctionisanewidea,whichrepresentsachangeinthinkingamongsupportersofwildlifeconservationandhasraisedquestionsabouthowfarhumansshouldgotosavewildanimals.Historically,conservationistshavebelievedthathumansshouldnotinterferedirectlywithwildlife.Atraditionalsayingintheworldofconservationworkis“Leaveitasis.”However,TonyGoldberg,ascientistandanimaldoctorattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,believesinvaccinatingwildanimalswhenpossible.“Therearepeoplewhosayweshouldn’ttouchnatureandthatweshouldn’talteranything.Butreally,therearenounspoilednaturalhabitatsleft.”hesaid,“Peoplearerealizingtheyhavetodosomething.”headded.“Thisepidemicmovedveryquicklyfromnorthtosouth,acrossthecountry—nowildlifedoesthat.It’speople.Theycrossvastdistancesinbuses,trains,planes.Theybringthediseasewiththem.Werealizedthatinfiveyears,wecouldlosetheentirepopulationifwedidnothing.”Thevaccineledtoantibodiesinthetestedmonkeysandcausednoharm,thescientistsfound.Sofar,about300havebeenvaccinatedandarereportedtobedoingwell.Testsshowthatmorethan90percentofthemonkeyshaveimmunityorresistancetothevirussincevaccination.Theoutbreakofyellowfeverisnolongerabigproblemforthemonkeys,andtheirpopulationisstartingtocomeback.Butevenwiththesuccessofthevaccineprogram,scientistsarestillnotsureaboutcreatingvaccinesforotheranimals.JacobNegrey,abiologistwhostudiesmonkeys,wonderedaboutunpredictableeffectsofsuchwildlifetreatment.Heexplainedthatyoumightcreateatreatmentthathelpsonekindofanimalbuthurtsanother.Whatcausedmoneystogetinfectedwithyellowfever?A.Humanactivities. B.Lossoftheirhabitat.C.Convenienttransportation. D.ThedevelopmentofScienceandtechnology.Whathappenedtovaccinatedmonkeys?A.Theyareresistanttoallviruses.B.Theyarenolongerendangeredanimals.C.Thereisanincreaseintheirpopulation.D.Someofthemareharmedbythevaccine.What’sJacob’sattitudetocreatingvaccineforotheranimals?A.Indifferent. B.Optimistic. C.Doubtful. D.Neutral.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.Vaccinatinganimals:aheateddebateB.Yellowfever:athreattomonkeysC.Protectingmoneys:atoppriorityD.Vaccine:ablessingformonkeys32-35ACCDP065Inprinciple,itsoundssimple:eatlessandmovemore.Thisdietaryadviceforhandlingobesityhasbeenaroundfordecades.Yet,despiteallthecaloriecounting,dietingandexercising,worldwideobesityratesjustkeepsoaringup.Inarecentpaper,researchersquestionthebasicassumptionofwhethertakinginmorecaloriesthanyouburnreallyistheprimarycauseofobesity.Theyarguethattheevidenceactuallypointstheotherway:wearedriventoovereatbecausewearegettingfatter.Thismayseemincredible,butconsidertherapidadolescentgrowth.Astheirgrowthratespeedsup,teenagersmayeatmuchmorethantheyusedto.Doesthis“overeating”causetherapidgrowth?Ordoestherapidgrowthmaketeenshungriersotheyeatmore?Clearlythelatter,asadultswon’tgrowtaller,nomatterhowmuchtheyeat.Afewhoursaftereatingahigh-carbmeal,thenumberofcaloriesinthebloodstreamdropsdramatically,sowegethungriersooner.Fromthisperspective,thedifficultyresistinghungerthatsomanydietershaveisn’tasignofpoordiscipline,butratherabiologicalprobleminvolvinghowourbodiesdistributethecaloriesweconsume.Alow-calorie,low-fatdietfurtherrestrictsanalreadylimitedsupplyofenergy,worseninghungerwithoutaddressingtheunderlyingtendencytostoretoomanycaloriesinbodyfat.Consequently,weightlossbecomesabattlebetweenmindandmetabolism(新陈代谢)thatmostpeoplewillprobablylose.Althoughmuchmoreresearchwillbeneededtotestthiscontroversialidea,itistimetoquestionthebasicassumptionsaboutcauseandeffect,caloriesandweightgainthathavedominatedourthinkingfordecades.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?A.Itisextremelytoughtodealwithoverweight.B.Eatinglessandmovingmorewillmakeyouloseweight.C.Weareforcedtoeatmorefoodbecausewearegettingfatter.D.Takinginmorecaloriesthanyouburnisthemaincauseofobesity.Whyisitdifficultfordieterstoresisthungeraccordingtothetext?A.Becausethedietersarefondofeatingahigh-carbmeal.B.Becausesomeofthedietersareweakinself-discipline.C.Becausethenumberofcaloriesintheblooddropsdramatically.D.Becausethecaseismorerelatedtothedistributionofcaloriestakenin.Whatcanwelearnaboutalow-calorie,low-fatdietaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Itcausespeopletofeelhungrier. B.Itsolvesthetendencyfortoomuchfat.C.Itprovidestheenergypeopleneed. D.Itmakespeoplelosetheirmetabolism.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthecauseandeffectbetweencaloriesandweightgain?A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.32-35ADABP066Inmostcountries,cigarettepackagesdisplayimagesortextsthatwarnssmokersoftheincreasedrisksofheartattacks,cancerandsoonthataccompanylightingup.Manyoftheserisksareassociatedwiththeinhalationoftobaccosmokethroughthemouth.Butwhatislessoftenspotlightedistheeffectsmokingcanhaveonthesurfaceoftheeyes.Smokinghasbeentiedtoage-relatedblindnessandseverevisionlossworldwide.Butthesechangesoccurininnerregionsoftheeye.Nowresearchershavediscoveredhowcigarettesmokeandaerosols(气溶胶)fromheatedtobaccodevicesalsokillcellsintheeye’smostexposedlayer:thecornea(眼角膜).Inthenewstudy,publishedonlineinSeptember,Otsuandhiscolleaguesreportedthatthecompoundsincigarettesmokekillscellsinacriticalouterlayerofcornealtissuecalledthecornealepithelium(角膜上皮).Theresearchersexposedlab-growncornealepitheliumcellstocigarettesmokeextract—asolution(溶液)thatcontainsmostoftheingredientsinhaledbycigarettesmokers.Theyfoundthatafter24hoursofexposure,morecellsdiedinthecontainerscomparedwithcellsthatwerenotexposedtosmokeortobacco.Takentogether,thesesignsindicatedthatexposingcornealcellstothetobaccoproductshadcausedaformofcelldeath.Itstartswhencompoundsinthetobaccoproductsmakecontactwiththecornealcells,whichleadsferritin(铁蛋白)insidethecellstostartbreakingdownandreleasingstorediron,Otsuexplains.Someofthisironstaystogetherandreactstoproducechemicalsthatcanharmcells.Normallythecells’repairsystemscancopewiththesechemicals,butwhentoomanyaccumulate,theydamagefatsincells,triggeringthecellstodie.Becausethestudyinvolvedcellculturesratherthanlivehumaneyeballs,theresearchersarenotyetabletosayhowquicklysmokingorheatedtobaccoproductsdamageaperson’scorneas.Thenextstepswillinvolveconductinganimalexperimentsandtestingtheimpactofvapingproductsoncornealcells,Otsusays.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph1probablymean?A.breathingin B.comingout C.breakingdown D.turningoffWhatcanbeinferredaboutsmoking?A.Smokersarelesslikelytosufferfromheartattacksandcancer.B.Itisnotclearwhethersmokingisassociatedwithseverevisionloss.C.Smokingcancontributetothedeathofcellsintheeye’souterlayer.D.Smokingdoublestheriskofage-relatedblindness.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph5?A.Themeaningofquittingcigarettesmoking.B.Theprocessofhowtobaccoproductskillcornealcells.C.Thechemicalsthatareinvolvedintheprocess.D.Thereasonswhytheresearchersconductedtheexperiment.WhichstatementdoesOtsuseemtoagreewithaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Livehumaneyeballswillbeusedinnextexperiments.B.Thespeedofthedamagingprocesshasbeenconfirmed.C.Furtherexperimentswillbeconductedonanimals.D.Theeffectofvapingproductsisthefocusoftheexperiment.32-35ACBCP067Whatreallyhappensduringdeath?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Now,forthefirsttime,scientistshaverecordedadyingbrain,andtheyhavemadeashockingdiscovery:ourlifemaytrulyflashbeforeoureyeswhenwedie.Anewstudysawscientistsfromacrosstheglobedelveintothefinalmomentsofan87-year-oldman’slife.AspublishedintheFrontiersinAgingNeurosciencejournal,thepatientdiedofaheartattack,andhisdoctorsatVancouverGeneralHospitalinBritishColumbiarecordedhisbrainintheprocess.Researchersspecificallystudiedthe30-secondintervalsbeforeandafterthepatient’sheartstopped.Whattheydiscoveredwasthathislifemighthaveliterallyflashedbeforehiseyes,ashisbrainproducedneuraloscillations(神经振荡).Commonlyknownasbrainwaves,neuraloscillationsessentiallydefinetheelectricalactivityofourbrains.Theoscillationsoccuratdifferentfrequenciesandhavegenerallybeencategorizedintodifferentstatesofconsciousness.Inthiscase,thepatient’sheartattackshowedsuddenchangesinthepatient’salphaandgammawaves.Thisinteractionhaslongbeenknowntocorrelatewithmemoryrecall,dreaming,meditation,theprocessingofinformation,andconsciousperception—inotherwords,flashbacks.It’simportanttonotethatthisstudyisthefirstofitskind,asthelivebrainactivityofadyinghumanbeinghasneverbeenmeasuredlikethisbefore.Ontheotherhand,theseoscillationshavebeenpreviouslymonitoredinrats,whichsuggeststhebrainmightlaunchthesamebiologicalresponsetodeathinmultiplespecies.Thestudydoesprovidecertainconsiderations,however,suchasthepatient’sbrainbeingdamagedbybleedingandswellingwhilethisactivitywasrecorded.Ultimately,thefindingshaveforcedustoredefinewhenlifetrulybeginsandends—andnottogrievetoodeeply,though.Somethingwemaylearnfromthisresearchis:althoughourlovedoneshavetheireyesclosedandarereadytoleaveustorest,theirbrainsmaybereplayingsomeofthenicestmomentstheyexperiencedintheirlives.Whatdoesourbraindowhenwedieaccordingtothestudy?A.Ourbrainproducesthebrainwaves.B.Ourbrainlaunchesakindofflashbacks.C.Ourbrainrecallsthememoryofourlife.D.Ourbrainisrelatedtoneuraloscillations.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“delveinto”inparagraph3referto?A.Explore. B.Record. C.Monitor. D.Observe.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningthestudy?A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.B.Amajorlimitationofthestudy.C.Anexplanationoftheresearchvalue.D.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetothestudy?A.Skeptical. B.Conservative. C.Optimistic. D.Objective.32-35AACDP068Greentimethatindicatesthepositiveeffectsoftimespentinnaturemaybethemedicinetoscreentimeforchildren’sbrains,improvingtheirschoolperformance,mentalhealthandwell-being,researchsuggests.AreviewofexistingresearchhasfoundevidencethatgreentimecouldreduceorhelplessenthenegativeeffectsoftimespentonwatchingTV,computersorplayingvideogames.“Fewstudiesconsideredscreentimeandgreentimetogether,andpossiblementaleffectsoneachother.”saidUniversityofAdelaidepsychologyresearcherTassiaOswaldwhoreviewedallthepublishedstudiesonthesubjectfromtheEnglish-speakingworld.“However,thereisevidencethatgreentimecouldreduceconsequencesofhighscreentime.Thereforenaturemaybeawonderfulpublichealthresourceforyouthpsychologicalwell-beinginahi-techera.”Ms.OswaldisnowplanningapilotstudywiththeSouthAustralianHealthandMedicalResearchInstitutetofurtherexploretheinteractionbetweenscreentimeandgreentimeamongyoungpeople.“It’sreallyhardtoreduceyoungpeople’sscreentime.Technologyisheretostayandit’sreallyimportantinalotofaspectsoflife.”shesaid.“Soitwouldbegreattoworkouthowwecanrelievesomeofthepsychologicalinfluencesofthat.Asgreentimewouldbegreat,weneedtolookintoitfurthertostronglysupportthatidea.”Ms.Oswaldsaidtherewasagrowingtrendtowardsprescribing(开药方)timeinnaturefor.healthbenefits.ShesaidsomedoctorsintheUSandtheUKofferedgreenprescriptions”,whiteforestbathing”waspopularinJapan.However,thequestionofwhatmadeupqualitygreentimewasstillupfordiscussion,shesaid.Researchsuggeststheanswerdependsontheageofthechild.Forpreschoolers,aprivategardenisimportant.Primaryschoolagedchildrenneedalargerplacetoplayandforteenagers,thenatureoftheneighbourhoodisimportant.WhichonebelongstoGreentime?AWatchingmoviesinanoutdoorcinema. B.Takingcareofanimalskeptinthezoo.C.Playinghide-and-seekinahotellobby. D.Hikinginthemountains.What’sMs.Oswald’sattitudetogreentimeasthepotentialmedicinetoscreentime?Apositive B.neutral C.doubtful D.negativeWhatcanwelearnaboutgreentimefromthetext?A.ItcanremovethenegativeeffectsofscreentimecompletelyB.Ms.Oswaldholdsthebeliefthatitneedstobestudiedfurther.C.GettingitrequiresaprescriptionfromthedoctorsintheUSandtheUK.D.Itsinter-connectionwithscreentimehasbeenmentionedinmanypublishedstudies.Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Moreconnectionsbetweengreentimeandscreentimewillbeexplained.B.Morematerialsaboutthetheorybehindgreentimewillbeshown.C.Morespecificexamplesofhighqualitygreentimewillbelisted.D.Moreexpertsstudyinggreentimewillbeintroduced.32-35DABCP069Theterm“pseudo-working”isusedtodescribehowmanyofusstudy.Thepseudo-workerlooksandfeelslikesomeonewhoisworkinghard—heorshespendsalongtimeinthelibraryandisnotafraidtopushonlateintothenight—but,becauseofalackoffocusandconcentration,heorshe’sdoesn’tactuallyaccomplishmuch.Thisphenomenoncanbeseenonmostcollegecampuses.Forexample,atDartmouththerewasasectionofthemainlibrarythatwasopentwenty-fourhoursaday,andthestudentsIusedtoseetherelateatnightcrowdedingroups,drinkingcoffee,weredefinitelypseudo-working.TheroommatewhoflipsthroughherchemistrynotesonthecouchwhilewatchingTVispseudo-working.Byplacingthemselvesindistractingenvironmentsandinsistingonworkinglonghours,thesestudentsarcdamagingtheirbrain’sabilitytothinkclearlyandefficientlyaccomplishthetaskathand.Intheendtheygethalftheresultswithtwicetheeffort.Thebiggerproblemhereisthatmoststudentsdon’tevenrealizethatthey’repseudo-working.Tothempseudo-workingiswork—it’showthey’vealwaysdoneit,andit’showalloftheirfriendsdoit.Itnevercrossestheirmindthattheremightbeabetterway.Straight-Astudents,ontheotherhand,knowallaboutpseudo-working.Theyfearit.Itnotonlywastestime,butit’salsomentallytiring.Infact,themostimportantskillinbecomingastraight-Astudentistheabilitytogetworkdonequicklyandwithaminimumofwastedeffort.Somecognitivescienceresearchconcludesthataboutfiftyminutesistheoptimallearningperiodtomaximizethematerialintegratedpertimeunit.Sohowdothesestudentsachievethisgoal?Tounderstandtheirsecrettosuccess,considerthefollowingsimpleformula(公式):workaccomplished=timespent×intensityoffocus.Pseudo-workingfeaturesaverylowintensityoffocus.Therefore,toaccomplishsomethingbypseudo-working,youneedtospendalotoftime.Thestraight-Aapproachontheotherhand,increasesintensityinordertouselesstime.WhichofthefollowingphenomenonisNOTpseudo-working?A.Alextakesanonlineclasswhilehavingsnacksatastudylounge.B.Lucyspendsalongtimeinthelibraryonheressaywhilelisteningtomusic.C.EmilyandSarareadtheirfavoritebooks,astheytalkaboutentertainmentnews.D.Nickisbusytakingnoteswhileattendingatrainingcourseinanacademichall.What’sthemajorproblemofmoststudentscomparedwithstraight-Astudents?A.Theyareunawareofthefactthattheyarepseudo-working.B.Theyhaveneverthoughtabouthowtoimprovetheirstudyefficiency?C.Theyaredoingsomethingtoharmtheirbrain’sabilitytothinkclearly.D.Theyarewillingtospendmuchtimestudyinginadistractingenvironment.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimal”meaninparagraph5?A.Least. B.Best. C.Delicate. D.Accurate.Whatdoestheauthorwanttostressbymentioningtheformula?A.Thelengthoftimeonstudycounts.B.Gettingworkdonequicklymeanseverything.C.Concentrationplaysakeyroleinstudy.D.Effectivestudyapproachisveryimportant.