Unit4ExploringpoetryGrammarUsage讲解课件高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性

Unit4Exploringpoetry

Welcometotheunit&Reading词汇barren-->mist

新译林2020版

选必一Tips区分谓语动词与非谓语动词根据句子结构判断是非谓语动词，还是谓语动词，必须明确句子为简单句，或是并列句，亦或主从复合句。

一个简单句只有一个主谓结构；复合句和并列句有多个主谓结构。非谓语要放在特定的主谓结构中进行分析。Practice1.Whenaskedbythepolice,hesaidthatheremembered_________(arrive)attheparty,butnot_________(leave).2.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpenses___________(pay)vacationtoChina.3.Tomsoundsverymuch____________(interest)inthejob,butI’mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.arrivingleavingpaidinterestedPractice4.Themanager,_______(make)itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.5.______(put)intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.makingPutI.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1.Aswellastheweather,therelaxedatmosphereandnightlifearevery___________(appeal).2.Wedidn'tspeaktoeachotherafterthat,andIdidn'tgetclosetoherforfearof______________(hurt)again.3._________________(design)agreatflagisverydifficult,asyouaretryingtosqueezeawholenationintoasmallbox.appealing

beinghurt

Designing/Todesign

4.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying__________(connect).5.Istillremember________(visit)afriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.6.Theyliveinavillage,whichallowsthem________(get)outsideandaccesscleanwater,andcleanair.visiting

connected

toget

非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。非谓语动词在句中不可单独用作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词形式功能主语宾语表语定语状语补语动词不定式动词-ing形式动词-ed形式Boththeto-infinitiveandverb-ing

formcanbeusedassubject

inasentence.Whento-infinitiveisthesubject,itisoftenreplacedbytheformalsubjectit,andto-infinitiveisplacedattheendofthesentence.动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以在句中用作主语。不定式作主语时常常用形式主语it代替，不定式置于句末。e.g.

*Collecting

stampsismyhobby.*It

ismyhobbytocollectstamps.1非谓语作主语：动词不定式与动词-ing形式Verb-ingformissometimesreplacedbytheformalsubjectit,andverb-ingformisplacedattheendofthesentence.动词-ing形式有时也用形式主语it代替，动词-ing形式置于句末。e.g.*Itisnogoodpretending

toknowwhatyoudonotknow.

*It

isnousecomplaining.e.g.*Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火是危险的。(泛指玩火)

*Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.玩火将很危险。(指某一具体动作)动词-­ing形式作主语表示一般的或抽象的习惯性的行为；不定式作主语往往表示具体的、一次性的或特指的动作。2非谓语作宾语:动词不定式、动词-ing形式在afford,agree,arrange,choose,claim,desire,expect,fail,hope,intend,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等动词后，常接动词不定式作宾语。e.g.*Mikeofferedtohelpme.

*Tompromisedtogowithme.在advise,admit,avoid,consider,deny,enjoy,finish,practice,suggest等动词以及burstout,giveup,insiston,keepon,putoff等短语后，常接动词-ing形式作宾语。e.g.*Iconsideredgoingtoseehiminperson.*Everyoneburstoutlaughing.在like,love,begin,start等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但两者区别不大，常可以交换使用。e.g.*Ilikesinging.=Iliketosing.

*Itstartedraining.=Itstartedtorain.在remember,forget,regret,try,mean等动词后，既可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但两者意义不同。todosth.记得去做某事doingsth.记得做过某事rememberforgettodosth.

忘记去做某事doingsth.

忘记做过某事regrettodosth.

对即将做的事表示遗憾doingsth.

对做过的事表示后悔trytodosth.设法做某事doingsth.试着做某事meantodosth.

打算(想要)做某事doingsth.

意味着(要)做某事stoptodosth.

停下正在做的事去做另一事doingsth.停止做某事e.g.*Irememberseeinghimbefore.

我记得曾经见过他。

*

Remembertotellhimaboutit.

记得把这件事告诉他。

*Inowregrettellingthelie.

我现在后悔说谎了。

*Iregrettotellyouthebadnews.

我很遗憾告诉你这个坏消息。介词后一般只接动词-ing形式作宾语。e.g.Howaboutcomingwithus?3非谓语作表语：动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式动词不定式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语所指的内容，动词不定式可以带逻辑主语。动词不定式作表语，有的情况下to可以省略。e.g.*Mypurposeistohelpthem.

*Myhopeisforallmemberstocometogether.*AllIdidwas(to)givehimalittlepush.动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式可以在句中用作表语，说明主语的特征或者状态，动词-ing形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。e.g.*Thebookwassointerestingthathealmostforgotthetime.*Heisveryconcernedwiththematter.*Thisisaskingfortrouble.4非谓语作定语：动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式Whenusedasattributive,to-infinitivesoftenexpresswhatwillhappen,verb-ingformsoftenexpresswhatishappening,andverb-edformsoftenexpresswhathashappenedorexpressapassivemeaning.动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事，动词-ing形式作定语表示正在发生的事，动词-ed形式常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。e.g.*Ihaveameetingtoattendtomorrow.

*Theboystanding

thereismyfriend.

*Jackclearedthefallen

leavesontheground.

*ManystudentsliketoreadnovelswritteninEnglish.动词不定式和动词-ing形式作定语时可以有被动形式。e.g.*Thebuildingtobebuiltinthesquarewillbeanewlibrary.*Doyouseethehousebeingbuiltoverthere?Whenusedasadverbial,to-infinitivescanexpresspurposeorresult,verb-ingandverb-edformscanexpresstime,cause,etc.5非谓语作状语：动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式动词不定式作状语可以表示目的或者结果，动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随等意义。e.g.*Susancametoseeme.

*Shelivedtobeonehundred.

*Isattherewaiting

forhim.

*Compared

withyou,weshouldworkharderthanbefore.

*Deeplymoved,Idecidedtofollowhisexample.动词-ing形式具有主动意义，动词-ed形式具有被动意义。e.g.*Shewasinthekitchenpreparingdinner.

*Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.动词-ing形式作状语可用完成式。e.g.Havingfinishedtheirwork,theyhadagoodrest.6非谓语作补语：动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式在expect,forbid,force,order,permit,request,warn等动词后，常接“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构，动词不定式作补语。e.g.*Wecanalwaysexpecthimtohelpus.

*Hewarnedustobecareful.Whenusedwithsee,hear,noticewatchandfeelasobjectcomplement,bare-infinitivescanexpressthewholeprocessofanaction,verb-ingformscanexpresswhatishappening.在see,hear,notice,watch,feel等动词后，可以接不带to的动词不定式作补语，表示动作的整个过程；这些动词也可以接动词-ing形式作补语，表示动作正在进行。.

*Isawhimcross

thestreetandenter

theshop.

我看见他穿过马路然后进了一家商店。

*Isawhimcrossing

thestreet.我看见他正在过马路。e.g.

*Howwouldyoulikeyourhaircut?

*Wemustgettheworkfinished

by10o’clock.Whenusedasobjectcomplement,verb-edformsoftenexpressapassivemeaning.动词-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义。1.Nottoadvanceis____________.

不进则退。2.Neveroffertoteachfish__________.

不要班门弄斧。3.By_______actionwestand,by________actionwefall.团结则存，分裂则亡。togobackFinishthefollowingfamousproverbs,usingto-infinitive,verb-ingorverb-edforms

andfigureouttheiruse.toswimuniteddividedLead-inWhoisShelley?PercyByssheShelley(August4,1792-July22,1822)wasoneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoetsandiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoets(抒情诗人)oftheEnglishlanguage.

Lead-inItwasatimewhen..breakwiththeidealsfollowrigidrulesputemphasisonundergoaprocessindustrializationadvocatedoingtheRomanticeraUsefulExpressions和原有的理念决裂遵循严格的规则重点关注经历一个过程工业化倡导做……浪漫主义时期Romanticismwasaculturalmovementfromthelate18thtothemid-19thcentury.Itwasatimewhenmanypainters,musicians,novelistsandpoetslookedattheworldinnewanddifferentways.TheaimoftheRomanticswas

tobreakwiththeidealsofthe18thcentury:theyrefusedtofollow

rigidrules;instead,theyputemphasisontheimportanceofimaginationandfeeling,theloveofnatureandareturntothepast.InEngland,thegreatestachievementsoftheRomanticmovementlayinpoetry,especiallythatofWilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge,GeorgeGordonByronandPercyByssheShelley.浪漫主义是18世纪末到19世纪中期的一场文化运动。在那个时代，许多画家、音乐家、小说家和诗人都以新的、不同的方式看待世界。浪漫主义者的目标是打破18世纪的理想:他们拒绝遵循严格的规则;相反，他们强调想象力和感觉的重要性，对自然的热爱和对过去的回归。在英国，浪漫主义运动最伟大的成就在于诗歌，尤其是威廉·华兹华斯、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治、乔治·戈登·拜伦和珀西·比希·雪莱。表语宾语that指代poetryDuringthattime,Englandwasundergoingaprocesscalledindustrialization.Largefactorieswerebeingbuiltandpeopleweremadetoworklonghours.Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwithwhatwashappeningintheircountryandtheywerenotalwaysinterestedintheimprovementsinscience.Instead,theyadvocated

goingbacktonature.Asaresult,celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetry.Thepoetsalsowroteaboutindividualfeelingsandbeliefs.Exploringtheworldofemotionandshowingthebeautyofnature,thepoetryoftheRomanticeraisoneofthegreatesttreasuresinWesternliterature.在那个时期，英国正在经历一个被称为工业化的过程。大型工厂正在建设，人们被迫长时间工作。浪漫主义诗人通常对他们国家发生的事情不满意，他们对科学的进步并不总是感兴趣。相反，他们主张回归自然。因此，颂扬自然之美和乡村生活成为浪漫主义诗歌的共同主题。诗人也写个人的感受和信仰。浪漫主义时代的诗歌探索情感世界，展现自然之美，是西方文学的瑰宝之一。后置定语补语makesb.dosth.>被动：sb.bemadetodosth.表语表语宾语主语状语Readtheintroductiononpage48andfillinthetablebelow.A ExploringtherulesRomanticismDefinitionItwasa1.__________________fromthelate18thtothemid-19thcentury,involving2.______________________andpoets.TheaimTo3.______________________ofthe18thcentury.Toputemphasisontheimportanceofimaginationandfeeling,4._________________andareturntothepast.culturalmovementpainters,musicians,novelistsbreakwiththeidealstheloveofnatureReadtheintroductiononpage48andfillinthetablebelow.A ExploringtherulesRomanticismRepresentativesofEnglishpoets5.________________________________________ThecommonthemeinRomanticpoetryCelebratingthebeautyof6.______________________ThesignificanceThepoetryoftheRomanticeraisoneof7._____________________________________WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridgeGeorgeGordonByronandPercyByssheShelleynaturalandcountrylife.thegreatesttreasuresinWesternliterature.Theto-infinitiveoftenreferstoanactionthatwillhappeninthefuture;theverb-ingform,acontinuingaction;andtheverb-edform,apastaction.Generallyspeaking,theverb-ingformexpressesa(n)(1)________(active/passive)meaning,whiletheverv-edformexpressesa(n)(2)________(active/passive)meaning.activeWorkingouttherulespassiveTheto-infinitivecanbeusedasthe(3)________ofasentence.Theverb-ingformcanbeusedasthe(4)_______ofasentence.Theverb-edformcanbeusedasthe(5)________ofasentence.*Youcanchoosemorethanoneanswerforeachblank.asubjectcobjecteattributivebpredicativedcompementfadverbialWorkingouttherulesa,b,c,d,e,fa,b,c,d,e,fb,d,e,fB ApplyingtherulesRewritethefollowingsentencesusingto-infinitives,

verb-ingorverb-edforms.1.Romanticpoetsexperimentedwithnewpoeticforms.Theywereparticularlyinterestedinit.

Romanticpoetswereparticularly_________________________________________________.

interestedinexperimentingwithnewpoeticforms

B1Page49B Applyingtherules2.Romanticpoetsoftenmentionedtheeffectofbeautyonthepoet’simaginationwhentheydescribednaturalscenes.

Romanticpoetsoftenmentionedtheeffectofbeautyonthepoet’simaginationwhen____________________________.

describingnaturalscenesB1Page49Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingto-infinitives,

verb-ingorverb-edforms.B Applyingtherules3.Poemsthatfocusonnatureoftenstressthemomentofinspiration.

Poems__________________oftenstressthemomentofinspiration.focusingonnatureB1Page49Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingto-infinitives,

verb-ingorverb-edforms.强调灵感来临的时刻B Applyingtherules4.ManyRomanticpoemsarefilledwithdescriptionsofmagicandancientthemes,andcontainrichsensorydetails._______________________________________________,manyRomanticpoemscontainrichsensorydetails.FilledwithdescriptionsofmagicandancientthemesB1Page49Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingto-infinitives,

verb-ingorverb-edforms.感官的细节B Applyingtherules5.SinceRomanticpoetswerehighlycolourfulandindependentindividuals,findingconcernscommontoallofthemissometimesdifficult.SinceRomanticpoetswerehighlycolourfulandindependentindividuals,itissometimesdifficult________________________________.tofindconcernscommontoallofthemB1Page49Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingto-infinitives,

verb-ingorverb-edforms.

强调灵感来临的时刻感官的细节主要的诗人《抒情歌谣集》

对...有巨大影响标志着…的开始

宁可做...，而不愿做...stressthemomentofinspirationsensorydetailstheleadingpoetsLyricalBalladshaveahugeimpactonmarkthestartofpreferdoingsthratherthandoingsthUsefulExpressionsB ApplyingtherulesBelowisanarticleabouttheEnglishpoetWillianWordsworth.Completethearticlewiththecorrectto-infinitives,verb-ingorverb-edformsofverbsinthebrackets.B2Bornin1770,WillianWordsworthwasoneofthe(1)________(lead)poetsoftheRomanticmovementinEngland.(2)________(grow)upinthebeautifulLakeDistrict,Wordsworthhadachildhoodthatwasperfectforadevelopingpoet.(3)__________(educate)atCambridge,Wordsworthreceivedhisdegreein1791.Hespentalotoftime(4)_________inEurope.TravellingobviouslyprovidedWordsworthwithplentyofideasforhispoems.In1795,hemetSamuelTaylorColeridgeandthetwotalentedyoungmenbecameclosefriends.leadingGrowingEducatedtouringB ApplyingtherulesB2(5)________(meet)ColeridgehadahugeimpactonWordsworth.LyricalBallads,acollectionofpoems(6)________(write)togetherwithColeridge,wasWordsworth’sfirstgreatwork.Itwaspublishedin1798andmarkedthestartoftheRomanticerainpoetry.Wordsworthexplainedthattheywantedtowritepoetrythatordinarypeoplecoulduse(7)____________(express)theirfeelings.Manyofthepoemsinthecollectionwereaboutreturningtonature.LikeotherRomantics,Wordsworthpreferred(8)____________(live)inthecountryratherthaninthecity.Meetingwrittenliving/tolivetoexpressPage76Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbs.torunApproachingtobediscoveredHavingstruggled5.Seen6.cleaning/tobecleaned7.lost8.Judging9.telling10.tohaveCHomeworkCheckingAvisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep___________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.(2022全国甲卷)Heflew4,700kilometersfromXi’antoKashgaronSept.20,___________(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.(2022全国甲卷)

tojourney

planning用括号内单词的正确形式完成下列句子。3._____________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,____________(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.(2022全国乙卷)4._____________(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNP(GiantPandaNationalPark)willbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.(2022新高考I卷)

Tostrengthen

inviting

Covering5.Whenhe(Henry)sawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(阳台),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe__________(fall)child.(2022新高考II卷)6.Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup___________(see)them.(2022新高考II卷)

falling

tosee7.ThatapproachbroughtCobb’sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplans_____________(continue)thepractice.“Ithasbeenfairlyrewarding,”shesays—“areallypositivechange.”(2022浙江1月卷)8.Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour___________(ache)legs.(2021年新高考I卷)tocontinueaching9.Itispossible__________(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.…After_________(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetter

thantorideonapieceofhistory!(2021年高考英语全国甲卷)towalkspending10.Activities

thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaim___________(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.(2021高考英语全国乙卷)tohave11.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4________(find)andstudyareasofthe