大学新标准英语课件：第六单元第二部分

Text告发，检举，揭发The

government

is

encouraging

people

to

blow

the

whistle

on

corruption.政府鼓励人民检举贪污。TextorganizationIntroduction（Paras.1-3）Conclusion（Para.17）Subordinateidea2（Paras.12-16）Subordinateidea1（Paras.4-11）MyconfusionaboutsoccerWorkingroupsandfigureoutthemainideaforeachpartofthetext.Soccerisagameofchance.Soccerisagamewithobscurestrategiesandregulations.MyconfusionaboutsoccerremainsActivereading1:Navigation

BlowingtheWhistleonSoccer

1

AFrenchfriendofminegotabiglaughatadinnerpartyrecentlywithhisaccountofthegameofbaseball:"Sevenguysstandaroundinafielddoingnothingwhiletwooftheirteammatesthrowtheballbackandforth."Text2

Iunderstand–it'shardtogetexcitedaboutaforeignsportifyoudidn'tgrowupwithit.NowI'mcollidingwiththissameculturalbarrier.TheWorldCupsoccertournamentbeginsonJune9andIwillhavenocluewhat'sgoingonoutthereonthe"pitch".Itseemsagoodtimetoblowthewhistleontheso-calledbeautifulgame.Text2我知道，如果一个人不是从小就接触某项外来的运动，他就很难对它感兴趣。现在我正遭遇同样的文化壁垒。6月9号世界杯足球赛就要开始了，而我对球员在“球场”上干些什么却一无所知。看起来这是给这个所谓的精彩赛事揭短的一次大好机会。Text3IhavebeenwatchingsoccerforyearsandallIcanseeonthefieldis22grownmeninshortsrunningaroundmadlytryingtokicktheballandtrippingovereachother.Iguesstheobjectistogettheballintothenet(alsoknownasthegoal),butifitevergetscloseitlookslikeanaccident.4Whatwehavehere,itwouldseem,isagameofchance.Textcollide

vi.

1)

(~with)comeintoconflictoropposition

出现矛盾；发生冲突e.g.1.Whentruthscollide,compromisebecomesthefirstcasualty.(HenryA.Kissinger)

当事实相互抵触时，首当其冲的受害者是妥协。（亨利A.基辛格）2.Hisreligiousbeliefsoftencollidedwiththerealitiesofhislife.他的宗教信仰与他的现实生活之间经常出现矛盾。Words&Phrases2)hitbyaccidentwhenmoving

（偶然）碰撞e.g.

1.Hiscarnearlycollidedwithabus.他的汽车几乎与一辆公共汽车相撞。2.Inrunningroundthecorner,hecollidedwithanotherman.

Words&Phrases在跑过拐角时，他撞上另一个人。

Wordfamily:

collision

n.TheWorldCupSoccerTournamentisaworld-widecompetitionforinternationalfootball,heldeveryfouryears.Atournamentisaseriesofmatchesinwhichthewinnerofeachmatchplaysagaininthenextrounduntilthereisafinalwithonlytwoteams,oneofwhichwillbethewinner.The2006WorldCupwasheldinGermany:Thequalificationprocessinvolved198nationalfootballassociationsand31teams,plusthehostnation,wentontothefinalstages;thefinal

（决赛）waswonbyItaly.

LanguagePoints

5

Foranhourandahalf,thefieldisasceneofsheerchaosastheballsailsbackandforthandthefanshumsomemournfultunereminiscentof"TheSlaves'Chorus"fromNabucco.Neitherteamseemstobeincontrol.Text

6

Thescoringsystemsaysitall.Mostfinalsare0–0,1–0or2–1,indicatingthatgamestendtobestandoffsandit'samatteroflucktobeaheadwhentimerunsout.Toputagoodfaceonit,theycallthistensionorsuspense.Text7

Newcomerstosoccer–mostlyAmericans–mightwonderhowmanywayspointscanbescored.Besideskickingtheballitispermittedtowhackitinmid-airwithyourhead,whichisnotthebestuseofthecranium,asdoctorswilltellyou.Text8Tobehonest,though,manygoalsarescoredbytheballaccidentallybouncingoffrandomplayerswhogetintheway.Thecrowdlovesthese,especiallywhenadefender'slegsendstheball–bychance,ofcourse–intohisownnet.Text9Goalsarethebestillustrationofthechancenatureofthisgame.Ninetypercentofgoalshots(knownas"chances"or,inhopelesscases,"halfchances",orinFrance,opportunités)areeitherblockedoraresofaroffcoursethattheysoardeepintothestands.Text10Iftheballhappenstobeaimedaboutrightandslipsthroughtheforestofhairylegs,it'ssheerluck.Theshooter,or"striker",thentakesfullcreditforthisaccident,peelsoffhisshirtandsprintsaroundincirclesasfourorfivefellowplayersjumponhisbacktotrytostophimandgethisshirtbackon.Text11Thechaosresumes,thehumminginthestandsstartsupagain,andtheclockslowlyticksawaytoward90longminutes.12Unlikebaseballorbasketball,precisionball-handlingisnotatoppriorityinsoccerexceptperhapsforThierryHenryandacoupleofBrazilians.Let'sfaceit,Godnevermeantformostofustocontrolaballwiththefeetwhilerunningattopspeed.Textmournful

a.

verysad

悲痛的；忧伤的e.g.1.Mournfulnewscamefromthefront.前方传来了令人悲痛的消息。2.Shesighedandlookedmournful.她叹了口气，显得很伤心。Wordfamily:

mourn

v.

mournfully

ad.

mournfulness

n.Words&Phrasesreminiscent

a.

(~of)remindingyouofpeopleorexperiencesinyourpast追忆往事的；怀旧的e.g.1.Thesightswerereminiscentofmychildhood.这些景象勾起了我对童年的回忆。2.ThispaintingisstronglyreminiscentofDaVinci’s“Annunciation”.这幅画使人立即联想到达·芬奇的《天使报喜》。Words&Phrases

TheSlaves’ChoruscomesfromActIIIoftheoperaNabucco,whentheslaveslongfortheirhomelandandsing“Va,pensiero,sull’alidorato”(“Fly,thought,ongoldenwings”).Inthepassage,theauthorsuggeststhatthefans’hummingorchantingofsongs(toencouragetheirteamortaunttheopposition)ismournfulandsadlikeVerdi’sfamouschorus.

奴隶合唱曲（歌剧《纳布科》中由犹太奴隶唱出的合唱歌曲）Words&PhrasesNabucco

《纳布科》（歌剧名）Itisafamous1842operabyVerdi(1813–1901)aboutNabucco(630–562BC;NebuchadnezzarinEnglish),kingofancientBabylon–roughly,modernIraq–whosearmiesin587BCcapturedJerusalem,destroyedthecityanditsfamoustemple,tookmuchoftheJewishpopulationprisonersandexiledthemtothecityBabylon.Words&PhrasesWords&Phraseschorus

n.[C]

1)apieceofmusicthatissungbyalargegroupofpeople合唱曲e.g.Itisafamouschorusintheopera.这是这部歌剧中一首著名的合唱曲。2)asimultaneousutteranceofsomethingbymanypeople

齐声e.g.“Goodmorning,sir.”werepliedinchorus.我们齐声回答：“早安，先生”。Words&PhrasesSentencestandoff

n.[C]adisagreementorfightinwhichneitheropponentcandoanythingtowinorachievetheiraim僵持；均衡e.g.

1.It’sverydifficulttomaintainastandoffbetweentwosuperpowers.要保持两个超级大国之间的均衡非常困难。2.SallyandJeffbothhaveexcellentargumentssothedebateendedinastandoff.萨莉和杰夫口才都非常棒，因此辩论结果不分胜负。Words&PhrasesSentence…indicatingthatgamestendtobestandoffs…LanguagePointsAstandoffisasituationinagameorfightinwhichneithersidecandoanythingtowinorachievetheiraim,adeadlockorfailuretosettleanargument.翻译：这意味着球赛结果倾向于平局……putagoodfaceonsth.：

pretendtobehappyorsatisfiedwhenthisisnotthecase掩饰某事物；装出不在意的样子e.g.1.Shehadn’tpassedtheexambutshetriedtoputagoodfaceonit.她考试没考及格，但她装得若无其事的样子。2.Tomhasrunawayfromhome,buthisfamilyareputtingagoodfaceonit.汤姆已经离家出走，但他的家人却装作若无其事。Words&Phrasessuspensen.[U]excitementorworrythatyoufeelwhenyouarewaitingtofindoutwhathashappenedorwhatwillhappen悬念；焦虑e.g.1.Themoviewasamasterpieceofsuspense.这部电影是一部悬念片杰作。2.Don’tkeepusinsuspense—didyougetthejobornot?

别卖关子了，你到底得到那份工作了没有？Words&Phraseswhackvt.

(infml)

hitsomeoneorsomethingwithalotofforce

重击；猛打e.g.1.Hewhackedhislittlesisterontheheadwithaspoon.他用一把调羹猛打他妹妹的头。2.Iwhackedmykneegettingoutofthecar.下车的时候我的膝盖重重地撞了一下。3.Hisattackerwhackedhimonthehead.攻击者猛击他的头部。Words&Phrasescraniumn.[C](medical)

theskull,especiallythepartenclosingthebrain（头）颅

e.g.

Thelargestpartofthebrainimmediatelybeneaththebonesofthecraniumisthecerebralcortex.紧贴在头盖骨下方的大脑的最大的部分就是大脑皮层。

Words&Phrasesrandoma.

chosenorhappeningwithoutanyparticularmethod,pattern,orpurpose任意的；随机的e.g.randomdrugtestingofOlympicathletes对奥运会运动员随机进行的药检atrandom任意地;随便地e.g.

Theteachermightsuddenlyaddressindividualstudentsatrandom.老师可能随意突然地与个别学生谈话。Words&Phrasesdefendern.[C]

1)aplayerwhosejobistostoptheotherteamscoringinagamesuchasfootball防守队员e.g.Adefenderwasgivenaredcardforcommittingaseriousfoul.Words&Phrases一个防守队员因为严重犯规而吃了一张红牌。2)someonewhosupportssomethingorwhoworkstopreventitfrombeinglostortakenaway守卫者；保护人e.g.

1.Heclaimedtobeadefenderofhumanrights.他声称是人权的守卫者。2.Heisawearilessdefenderoffreedomofthepress.

他是一个不屈不挠的新闻自由的捍卫者。

Words&Phrasesillustrationn.[C,U]

anexample,event,factetcthatshowsthatsomethingelseistrue,orshowswhatsomethingislike实例；例证e.g.1.Illustrationbyexampleisbetterthanexplanationinwords.2.Thisaccidentisagraphicillustrationofthedisasterthat'swaitingtohappen.这次事故就是随时可能发生灾难的一个例证。n.[C]Wordfamily:

illustrate

v.illustrative

a.Words&Phrases用实例说明比用词语解释清楚。n.[U]offcourse:notgoingintherightdirection偏离方向e.g.

1.Theoiltankerwentoffcourseandhitarock.油轮偏离了规定的航线，撞上了一块岩石。2.Whenalightpassengerplaneflewoffcoursesometimeago,itcrashedinthemountainsanditspilotwaskilled.

不久前，有架轻便客机飞出了航线，在山区坠落导致飞行员丧生。Words&Phrasessoarvi.

1)risequicklyintotheair升高；升腾e.g.Abirdissoaringintothesky.一只鸟正飞向云端。2)quicklyincreasetoahighlevel猛增；剧增e.g.Pricesoaredwhenwarbrokeout.

战争爆发时物价飞涨。Words&Phraseshairya.

withalotofhair多毛的；毛茸茸的e.g.1.hairyarms2.Theleavesaresoftandhairy.树叶儿柔软，毛茸茸的。Wordformation:

n.+y→a.sun→sunny wind→windy fog→foggyrain→rainy cloud→cloudy snow→snowyWords&Phrases汗毛浓密的手臂shootern.[C](infml)aplayerwhoshootstheball（球类运动中的）射手，投球手，击球手e.g.

Twenty-eightisnotanoldageforashooter.

28岁对一个射击运动员来说年龄并不算大。Words&Phrasesstrikern.[C]

afootballplayerwhosemainjoborskillisscoringgoals（足球队的）前锋，射手Words&PhrasesSomefootballtermsforreference:football,soccer,associationfootballfield,pitchmidfieldgoalkeeper,goaltender,goaliebackleft足球足球场中场守门员后卫左后卫take(the)creditforsth.:

praiseforsomethingyouhavedoneorachieved把……归功于自己e.g.

1.Healwaystakesthecreditformyideas.

他总是把我出的主意归功于他自己。2.Ican'ttakecreditforachievementsmadethroughcollectivework.

集体努力取得的成绩，我不能居功。

Words&Phrasessprint1)vi.

run,swimetcataveryfastspeedforashortperiod冲刺；短跑e.g.Hehadtosprinttocatchthebus.他得猛跑一阵才能赶上公共汽车。2)n.ashortraceatafastspeed冲刺；短跑e.g.Therunnersbrokeintoasprintafewhundredyardsfromthefinish.选手们在离终点几百码的地方开始冲刺。Words&Phrasestickaway(orby):

iftimeticksawayorticksby,itpasses（时间）滴滴答答地过去e.g.1.Thehourstickedawaywhilewecoulddonothingbuttowait.时间滴答滴答地过去了，而我们却什么也做不了只能等。2.Astheminutetickaway,shebecomemoreandmoreirritate.

随着时间一分一分地过去，她变得更加不耐烦。Words&PhrasesUnlikebaseballorbasketball,precisionball-handling…LanguagePointsPrecisionball-handlingheremeansexactandaccuratekickingoftheballwhichshowsgreatcontrolandskill(notusingthehands,exceptthegoalkeeper).足球与垒球或篮球不一样，对足球来说准确的控球并不是最重要的……翻译：priorityn.[C]

somethingimportantthatmustbedonefirstorneedsmoreattentionthananythingelse优先考虑的事；重点e.g.1.Houseworkdidn'tfigurehighonherlistofpriorities.她没有把家务活当作优先考虑的事。2.Thesafetyofthecountrytakespriorityoveranyothermatter.国家安全占有最重要的地位。Words&PhrasesThierryHenryaFrenchfootballplayerwhohasbeenanoutstandingstrikerinEngland(forArsenal)andSpain(forBarcelona)andfortheFrenchnationalteam蒂埃里·亨利（足球运动员）

Words&Phrases13Periodicallyaplayergetsanelbowinthefaceandgoesdownwrithing.Theclockstopswhilelittlemenwithblackbagsrushoverandmassagehisphony-baloneyinjury,afterwhichhejumpsupgoodasnew.Theplayerwhoelbowedhimgetssomethingcalleda"yellowcard",amildreprimand.Text13

时不时地会有球员脸上挨了一肘，躺在草地上痛苦地翻腾。这时会暂停计时，几个提着黑包的小个子男人会跑过来按摩他那假装、胡说的受伤部位，然后他又活蹦乱跳地站起来。那位肘击他的球员会得到一张叫“黄牌”的东西：一种温和的惩戒。Text14Howcanyouhaveasportinwhichstrategiesandregulationsaresoobscure?Besidesthemysteryof"injurytime",thereissomethingcalledthe"offsiderule",whichdeems,roughly,thatthestrikercannotreceivetheballunlessatleasttwoopposingplayersareaheadofhim.Whynot?Thisleaveseveryoneperplexed.Text15Nottoworry–evenprofessionalcommentatorsareatalossforwords.TheBBC'svoiceofsoccer,JohnMotson,notesthatthereisno"universalinterpretation"oftheoffsiderule.Imaginerealfootballwithnoagreementonwhat"touchdown"means.Text16Whydoesyourtypicalsoccermatchseemsooutofcontrol?Simple.Onlyonerefereeisonthefield,andheisresponsibleforkeeping22hopped-upathletesinline.Heallowsnobacktalk(forthis,yougeta"redcard"andashower)butmostoftheinfractions–pushing,punching,tripping,kneeing,handballing–arecommittedwhenheisn'tlooking.Butthefansseethem,settingoffmoremoansinthestands.Textwrithevi.

movebytwistingandturning,especiallywhenyoufeelalotofpain（尤指因痛苦而）扭动身体，翻滚e.g.1.Thefamilycouldonlycryandwatchedthisdogtwistedandwrithedinitsdeathagonies.一家人只能嚎啕大哭，眼睁睁地看这只狗在扭曲翻滚中痛苦地死去。Words&Phrasesmassage[mə'sɑʒ]

vt.

press,squeeze,andrubsomeone’sbodyinordertoreducepainintheirmusclesortomakethemrelax给……按摩；给……推拿e.g.

Words&PhrasesThecoachmassagedtheinjuredrunneroutsidethepitch.

教练在场外给受伤的跑步选手按摩。phonya.

(alsophoney)notrealandintendedtotrickpeople虚假的；不可信的e.g.

aphonyIDcard2.Ithoughtyouraccentwasabitphony.我认为你的腔调有点假。Words&Phrases一张假身份证baloney

n.[U](spoken)

nonsenseorlies

胡说八道；瞎扯；鬼话e.g.

1.Letuscutthebaloneyonthissubject.关于这个问题我们就别胡扯了。2.Hesaidthesesignsallaroundsaying“NoTipping”werestrictlybaloney

他说这些到处张贴的“禁止小费”的标语纯粹是骗人鬼话。Words&PhrasesAyellowcardisshowntoafootballplayerbytherefereeasawarningforrecklessorillegalplay.Aredcardmeansthattheplayerhasinfringedtherulesmoreseverelyandheissentoffthefieldandcannotcontinuetoplay.Asecondyellowcardautomaticallymeansaredcard.LanguagePointsreprimand

1)

n.[C]arebuke,especiallyanofficialone

（正式而严厉的）训斥；斥责e.g.Hisbossgavehimareprimandforbeinglate.他的老板因他迟到而训了他一顿。2)vt.tellsomeoneofficiallyandinaseriouswaythatsomethingtheyhavedoneiswrong训斥,

斥责e.g..Shewasseverelyreprimandedforacceptingthemoney.她因收受了这笔钱而受到严厉斥责。Words&PhrasesInjurytimeistimewhich,becauseofstoppedplaywithinjuries,isaddedattheendofthegame.Thistime,perhapsseveralminutes,canbecrucialwin-or-losemomentsinaclosegame.LanguagePointsoffside

n.[C]inthewrongpositionaccordingtotherulesinagamesuchasfootball（足球等比赛中的）越位e.g.Thehomesidewerecaughtoffside.主队被抓到越位犯规。Words&Phrases

Theoffsiderule

isasoccerrulethatlimitshowfarforwardtheattackingplayersmaybewhentheyareinvolvedinplay.Aplayercannotgainanadvantagebywaitingfortheballneartheopponents’goal:Theremustbeatleasttwoopponentsbetweenhimandthegoal.Therulecanbecomplexandcontroversialinitsinterpretation,butitisimportantbecauseiftherefereesignalsoffside,theopposingteamgetsanindirectfreekick,whichcanbeagreatadvantage.Words&Phrasesdeem

vt.(fml)(neverprogressive)

considerthatsomeoneorsomethinghasaparticularquality认为e.g.1.Thesebuildingsaredeemedtobeofarchitecturalimportanceandmustbeprotected.这些建筑被认为在建筑学意义上非常重要，必须得到保护。2.Theeventwasdeemedagreatsuccess.大家认为该项活动很成功。Words&Phrasesperplexed

a.confusedbecauseyoucannotunderstandsomething

困惑的；迷惘的

e.g.1.“What’sthematter?”Robsaid,lookingtotallyperplexed.“怎么啦？”罗布问，一脸的迷惑不解。2.Whattheprofessorsaidinclassthismorningsoundedperplexedtome.今天早上老师课堂上说的东西我听得糊里糊涂的。Words&Phrasesatalossforwords:

notknowingwhattosay,especiallybecauseyouareverysurprisedorshocked（尤指由于吃惊或震惊而）不知道说什么好e.g.

1.Agoodsalesmanisneveratalossforwords.一个好推销员永远不会找不到话说的。2.YourremarksweresounexpectedthatIfindmyselfatalossforwords.

你的话太出乎意料了，以致我简直无言以对。Words&PhrasesBBC(BritishBroadcastingcorporation)英国广播公司TheBritishBroadcastingCorporation(BBC)istheprincipalpublicservicebroadcasterintheUnitedKingdom,headquarteredintheBroadcastingHouseintheCityofWestminster,London.Itisthelargestbroadcasterintheworld,withabout23,000staff.ItsmainresponsibilityistoprovidepublicservicebroadcastingintheUnitedKingdom,ChannelIslandsandIsleofMan.Words&Phrasestouchdownn.[C]theactofscoringpointsinAmericanfootballbytakingtheballovertheotherteam’sgoalline（美式橄榄球运动中）持球过底线（得分）

e.g.

1.Jeremyscoredthreetouchdowns.杰罗姆三次触地得分。2.AtthelastminuteSmithcameoutofthebluetocatchthepassandscoredatouchdown.临终场时，史密斯出人意料地跑过来抢到球而且底线得分。Words&Phrasesreferee

n.[C]

someonewhosejobistomakesurethatplayersinagameobeytherules裁判员e.g.Therefereeawardedafreekicktothehometeam.

裁判判给主队一个任意球。Words&Phraseshopped-up

a.

excited兴奋的；激动的；起劲的e.g.Thehopped-upfansshoutedatthefootballers.

激动的球迷们对足球运动员呼喊。Words&Phrasesbacktalk

n.[U](AmE)(infml)anegativeorargumentativeresponse,oftenusedinresponsetoacommand回嘴；顶嘴e.g.1.Idon'twanttohearanybacktalkfromyou!DowhatItoldyou!别给我回嘴！我让你怎么做就怎么做！2.Henrywaslivid.Hewasn'tusedtobacktalkfromtheboard.

亨利怒形于色。他不习惯董事会对他顶撞。Words&Phrasesinfraction

n.[C,U]

asituationinwhichsomeonebreaksalaworrule违法；违规e.g.

1.Hewas