国际销售合同的语言特色及其翻译毕业论文

毕业论文题目：国际销售合同的语言特色及其翻译学院:外国语学院专６业:英语班级：0704学号:２0070４０1041学生姓名:导师姓名：完成日期:陈丽婵章明蕾２011年6月ＬINGＵISＴICFEＡTURESANＤTＲANSLATIOＮOFＩNTＥREＮATIONALSALＥSＣOＮTＲAＣＴTＨEＳISＳubmｉttedｉnpartiａlｆulfilｌmｅntｏftherequirｅｍｅnｔｓfoｒThedegreeofBａcｈｅlorofＡｒtsＩnＨunaｎＩnstituteofEngineerinｇＢyＣhｅnLiｃhａnSuperｖｉｓoｒ:ＺｈangMiｎｇlei

CollegeofForｅignLaｎｇuagｅsHunaｎIｎstitutｅofＥnginｅｅｒiｎgJｕnｅ２011诚信声明本人声明:1、本人所呈交的毕业设计（论文)是在老师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果；2、据查证,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,毕业设计(论文)中不包含其他人已经公开发表过的研究成果，也不包含为获得其他教育机构的学位而使用过的材料；3、我承诺,本人提交的毕业设计(论文)中的所有内容均真实、可信.作者签名：日期：年月日

设计(论文）任务书题目:国际销售合同的语言特色及其翻译姓名陈丽婵院外国语学院专业英语专业班级０7０4学号2０07０4０１0416指导老师章明蕾职称讲师教研室主任刘欣一、基本任务及要求：培养学生独立检索中外文资料的能力学研究的基本方法，了解科学研究论文的写作技巧与规范化要求。阅读并充分理解商务英语销,初步具备搜集、整理、筛选信息资料的能力，初步掌握科售合同的语言特色及其翻译。再较多地查阅关于商务合同语言特色以及翻译原则,翻译技巧评论著作后,撰写出250０字的文献综述；进一步搜集整理与论文有关的文献资料思论文框架,撰写出论文提纲,向指导教师提交开题报告．,扩充查阅范围.构分析、筛选已有的信息资料,提出研究设想与计划撰写论文初稿，完成500０单词左右的英文论文的撰写工作,然后反复修改，提交二稿、三稿、定稿及打印稿.论文应做到主题明确，结构合理，条理清楚，语言流畅。二、进度安排及完成时间：1.20１1年1月15日前学生确定论文选题学生完成文献综述学生提交开题报告提交论文第一稿提交论文第二稿2.2011年１月2１日—2０1１年3月1１日3．２0１1年３月12日-20１0年3月1８日4。2011年４月２２日5.2011年5月13日6.201１年５月27日7．2０１１年6月5日８.２０1１年6月7日９.2011年6月9日提交论文第三稿提交论文正稿论文形式审查学生公开答辩10.2０１1年6月１1日1１.2011年6月１8日学生进行毕业论文第一轮答辩学生进行毕业论文第二轮答辩12．2０1１年6月30日前论文归档ＣonｔentsAbstｒact..............................................................................（错误!未定义书签。)Introｄｕｃtiｏn?(错误!未定义书签。)１。LｉnｇuisticFeａtｕresofInternatioｎalSaｌesCｏｎtraｃt(错误!未定义书签。)1。1LｅｘｉcalFｅatures?(错误!未定义书签。)1。1．1Ｓpｅciａlｔy?（错误!未定义书签。)1。1。2Archaism?(６)1.1。3Ｌoａnword.................................................................................................７()1．1。４Synoｎｙms...........................................................错(误!未定义书签。）１。1．5Polysemy.................................................................错(误!未定义书签。）1.1。6Creativｅnewwoｒds?（10)１．1.７Foｒmalwoｒds?（11)1．2SynｔactｉcalFeatuｒes..........................................................................１(１)1.2。1UseｓofALａｒgeNumbeｒofAdverｂials.................................(１2)1。2。2UsesoｆＰassiｖｅＳeｎtｅnces....................................................（１4)１．2。3UsesｏfＡLargeNumbeｒｏfDeｃｌaraｔiveSenｔｅnces(1５)2。TransｌatｉoｎＰrincipｌesofInｔernaｔｉoｎａｌSａlｅsConｔrａctｓ...........................................................................................................................（1６）2。1PrecisenessanｄAccuracy.................................................................（１6)2.2ＮormａnｄApproｐriaｔeness?(17)３。ＴrａnslationSｋillsofIntｅrnationaｌSaｌeｓCoｎtｒａcts?(18）３．1ConvｅｒｔｉngＭeｔhod?(１8)3。2AddｉngMeｔhod?(18)3。3OｍittinｇMethod19(?）３.4MaｔｃhingMethod.................................................................................（20）3．5ＳplittingＭetｈｏd...............................................................................（21）3．6ReorgａｎｉzatiｏnMetｈod?（2１)

Ｃoncluｓioｎ.................................................................................................（23）Bibｌiｏｇraphｙ..........................................................................................（２5)Aｃknoｗｌedgeｍents?(２8)

LinｇuisticFeaｔuresanｄＴranslａtｉoｎofInteｒnatiｏnalSalesContracｔＡbstract:Ｓinceeｎteringthｅ21stcenｔury,tｈegｌoｂａleconomyhaｓbeendｅｖelopｉｎgrapidly；thｅprocessofgloｂaｌiｎteｇrationisacceｌeｒatｅdsimultａneously。Asfortheeｃonomicprosｐeｒoｕsnessinｔhｅmoｄerｎｗoｒｌd,thｅｂusｉnessｒelａtionｓbｅtweenｃｏｕnｔriｅs,eｓpｅciallｙｆｏｒeigntraｄe,ｈａｖｅｂeｃoｍｅmoｒeandmｏrｅfreqｕent；thｅｒefｏrｍｉｎgChinahａsalsobeenparｔicipatingｉniｎｔｅｒnａtioｎalbusinessacｔiｖitiｅｓ;thereforｅｃonｔrａctsｆorintｅrnａtionalbuｓinessＥｎｇｌishｈavｅｂｅcｏmｅoneoｆnｅcｅｓsarytooｌsfoｒinｔernａｔionａltradｅ．AｎdcontracｔhasalsobeeｎaleｇalｒoｌetｏstipｕlaｔetheacｃordingresponsibiｌitiesandobligａtｉｏｎsofrelevanｔParties；ｃｏｎｔracthａsbecomeexｔraorｄinarilyvitalinｉntｅｒnatｉonaltrａde．Inrｅcentｔｅnyearｓ，manyschｏlarｓｈavestuｄiｅdtheｌeｘｉcａlcharactｅｒｉstiｃs,ｓｙｎｔaxfｅaturｅsaｎdｔｒanslatingｔhｅorｉesofｉnteｒnatioｎａlsalｅscｏntｒactsforbuｓiｎeｓsＥnｇｌish。Foｒiｎteｒnationａlsａlescontract,kｎoｗingtheｓefｅatｕｒｅsiｓvｅｒysigｎifiｃantｔｏesｔabｌｉshbuｓｉnessｒｅlationswithforeｉgnｂusｉｎessmen。Ｔhiｓeｓsaywillsyｎthｅsizethesefoｒｍerstuｄｉeｄcｈaｒactｅristｉcsandtｈeoriｅsandtheｎdｅlvesfｕrthｅrintoｔhelexｉcaｌaｎdsyｎtactｉccharactｅrｉsticsanｄtｒaｎslaｔｉngskｉllstｏuｎderｓtaｎdthefｅaturesofinternationalsaleｓcontｒactsbetｔer，theｎmｏtｉvａtingｔhecommuｎicａtionandcｏllａboratｉonofoｕrinteｒnationａltradｅ。Keywords:salescontraｃts;bｕsinessEnglｉｓｈ;linｇuisticｆeatureｓ;trａｎslation1

国际销售合同的语言特色及其翻译摘要：进入21世纪以来,全球经济得到飞速发展,同时也加速了全球一体化进程.各国之间的贸易往来，特别是对外贸易,也变得越来越频繁。改革的中国也正积极投身于国际经济贸易活动中，因此商务英语合同就成了各国之间的贸易往来,达成交易之必不可少的工具之一。与此同时，合同已经成为了规定双方权利与义务的具有法律约束力的文件。了解国际销售合同的特点,更有利于与国外商人建立贸易关系.本文将综合近十年来主要学者对国际商务英语销售合同的词汇特征译的研究理论。并对词汇特征和翻译技巧进行进一步的探讨,句法特征及其翻,深入了解商务英语销售合同的语言特色及其翻译，避免不必要的纠纷与争端，从而更好地促进我国国际贸易的交流与合作.：关键字销售合同；商务英语;语言特色;翻译2

IntｒoduｃtioｎSiｎcｅChinaｈａｖingaccesstoＷTO,internａｔionａlbuｓineｓsactiｖitｉeshavebｅeｎbecｏmingprettypoｐｕlａr.Inｔeｒnａtionaｌｃonｔractｓ,asthebriｄgeｏfｂusinｅsscoｍmunicatｉｏｎbeｔwｅencｏuｎtrieｓ,havepｌayeｄamｏreａｎｄmoreｖitalroleｉｎthemｏderｎworｌd.Coｎtractisａlegaｌlyｂｉndinｇagreemｅntuｓedinwrｉtiｎg(Homｂy,1997；Kn＆Cｒysｔal,１998;Calａmari&Ｐerilｌo,1９96；ZhaｏChunｙan&Yuxiaofaｎｇ,2０09；ZhｕYi＆WaｎgYuｅｈonｇ,2０10etc.)。Ｓoｈａｖingaｇｏoｄunderｓtaｎｄinｇofthefｅatuｒesoｆcontract,ｅspeｃiallytheｓalescontｒact,wｈicｈｉsthefoｕndaｔiｏｎｏfｏtｈerｓorｔsofconｔract,isbyfarａpｒｅttｙimportanｔtask。Ｕntilnｏw，someｓcｈoｌａrs（Sｈiｐpｅry,2002;ZhangYi，20０1;MoZaiｓhｕ，2003；ZｈａngＨailiｎ,２004;LiXinyuan,200９;ＺhｅngＨonglian，2010,ＳhｉXｉａoyan,2009）haverｅseａrｃhedｔhelinguisticfｅaturesandtranｓｌationofiｎternatｉoｎalｂusｉｎeｓscontｒactiｎｔhｅpａstdecａdｅ.Fromｔheiｒrｅsearches，itｉsseenｔhestatuｓaｎdsiｇniｆicanｃeofbusiｎesscoｎtracｔ,butｓｉmuｌtａnｅoｕsly，ｔheirｓtudiesarｅｎoｔｃｏmprehｅｎsｉveenouｇｈ．Therｅfｏrｅ,ｔhiｓessaｙwilladdmｏrelｉnguｉstiｃfeaturesofiｎternaｔioｎａlsａleｓcontraｃｔｏntｈeｂasｉｓoｆpｒｅviｏusstudiesaｎdgoonfurthersｔuｄiｅsｏfiｔｓｔｒaｎsｌation.Ｉnthｉswａｙ,itaidｓreａdeｒstohaveabetterunderstaｎｄingofiｎtｅｒnａｔionalsalｅscｏntractａｎdａlsoislｉａbｌetoｐrｏmoteｔhebｕｓinｅｓsacｔivitiesalｌovertheworld。3

StevenH。ＧｉｆisｈａsmadeaｄefｉnitioｎｏfconｔrａctintｈｅLawＤictionaryｈｅeｄｉteｄ，whichmｅａnsａpromise,orseｔofpromises,fｏｒbreacｈoｆwhｉchtｈelawgivesareｍｅｄy,orthePerformanｃeofwｈｉchthｅlａwｉｎｓomewaｙrecognizesaｓaduty。Froｍtheｄeｆinition，itissｅentheiｍｐortanｃeofiｎｔerｎａtioｎaｌｃontract。ＳｏhｏwtounderstａndandwrｉtｅtｈeEnglishconｔrａctistheimportantfａcｔorofｗhetｈｅｒgettingsuccessｎiｂusｉnessａctｉvities。Inordｅrｔoreachtｈｉｓｐｕｒpｏse,ｈaviｎgacoｍmanｄoftｈelｉnguisticfeａturesoftｈecoｎtｒactistｈｅbasｉceｌemeｎｔ．UnderstandｉnｇｏfcoｎtractEngliｓhandquicｋcontracｔwrｉtｉnｇwillｈelptoaｃhievecoｍpｅtｉｔiveaｄｖanｔageｓｉnfutureinterｎaｔionalsａlescｏntracｔ。ＩnｔhebookofEngliｓhWｒitingｆｏrIｎterｎationａlEcｏnoｍｉｃandTraｄｅCoｎtraｃｔs,Wuｍiｎ&WｕMingｚｈｏnｇ(2009）dｅｆinesthatｉnternatiｏｎａlｅcｏnｏmｉcａndｔradecontｒactiｓｔheaｇｒeementｏfestabｌiｓhing，alteｒingandtｅｒminａtingmutualciｖilriｇhtｓanｄoblｉgａｔionsａmｏngnatｕrａlｐersｏns,legａlｐｅrsoｎsandotｈereconoｍiｃoｒgaｎｉｚaｔionsbｅｔｗeentheequａlequｉtyoffoｒeｉgnｃｏuntｒｉesanｄourcouｎtry。Itisbuilｔaccｏrdingtｏtheｌaw,aｎdisprｏtｅcteｄaｎdgovｅrnedbythestates’laｗ。Itisalｓｏbounｄforbothpａrｔｉes．Oｎｃｅtｈecontｒactisｓｉgｎed,allpartｉesshoulｄｃarryitoutstrｉctｌy。Theｒefore,mａsteringtｈefｅaｔｕresofthecｏｎｔractiｓａｇｏodtｏｏlｆoｒuｓｔoimplemeｎｔit.ＷangGuiｈｕa(2008）,inhisLｅｘicalFｅaｔｕresｏfＩnｔｅrnatｉｏnalTradｅContrａｃt,aｒguesｔｈatcｏntrａctisthelegalbasisofsoｌviｎgtｒadｅdiｓpｕｔesandalsotheｌegａｌfoｕndaｔionｏｆａｄｊuｓｔment，aｒbitrationandｌawsuit。Contractｓaｒｅｆormalstyｌesofaｇrｅｅｍentinthesoｃialcoｍmunicａｔionａndhaveｔhefeatureｏfcorｒecｔness,ｄｉｒectnessａndleｇalｅffeｃt.Comprehendｉnｇｔheｆｅaturesoftｈeｃｏｎｔｒａcｔｉsgoodtoitsunderｓtanｄingandimplｉcation。Thisthｅsiswiｌlanａlｙzethｅｌｉngｕiｓｔｉcfｅaturesoｆinteｒnatioｎａlｓａlｅs4

coｎtractandiｔｓtransｌation.１。LｉngｕisｔiｃＦｅatuｒesoｆIntｅrｎaｔｉｏnａlSalesContrａctLｉｎgｕisｔicｆeaｔuresiｎｃludeleｘｉcalaｎdsyntaｃticfeａtures。Geneｒaｌlyspｅakinｇ，foｒleｘｉcalleveｌ，wｏrdsareanaｌｙzeｄanｄfｏrｓyｎtacticalleveｌ,ｓｅｎtｅncesaｒeｃｏnsｔrued。1.1LexicalＦeaturesInthemoderｎcompetitiveworｌd,ｍostinternaｔiｏｎalcoｎｔracｔsarewritteninEngｌiｓｈ。ＣｏntｒactEngｌiｓhｂeｌｏngstｏlawＥｎglｉｓｈａndhａsiｔｓdｉｓtinｃtｉvelingｕiｓtｉcstylｅ。Frｏmｔｈｅasｐecｔoｆｌexicalleveｌ,wｏrｄs,ｓｕchastheiｒnature，meanｉngsｅtc，ａrecommonlyｓtuｄｉeｄ。Ｗｈat’smｏrｅ,thefｏrmality,correｃtnｅssａｎdspecｉaｌtyｏfchoosiｎgwｏrｄsaｒealsoveryiｍpoｒtaｎｔ,henｃe，masｔeringtheｐarticularityoｆthelanguａgｅoｆｔhｅｃontraｃｔiｓthekｅyｔoundｅrstａndａndtｒanslaｔethecｏntraｃtprecｉsely.1.1.1SpeciａltySpeｃialtyｍａinｌymeａnsthespｅciaｌtermｓuseｄiｎasｕbjｅctorａcertainfielｄ(ＹｕanＪｉanjun＆LiaｎgＤaoｈua；2００9)。Thｅsesｐeciａltｅrmｓhavepaｒticulａrmeaniｎｇsａｎｄａrewideｌyaｐpliｅdｂｙbusinｅｓsｍen(CｈenJiａnping，2０0５）。Liaoｙing(２0０5)aｒguｅｓｔhattecｈnicaｌterｍsaｒeopentｏtｈeworｌdｉntｅrnａtiｏnallybyｆaｒ.Theirmeanｉnｇsａrepｒeｃisｅwitｈｏutａmｂiｇｕitｙａｎdpersonａlfｅｅlingｓ,ａndtheｎtheyhavefｏrmedｅviｄｅntsｔylistiｃfｅatｕresgrａdualｌy.Spｅｃifｉcａlｌyspeakｉng，ｉntｈetradeａndeconｏmiccｏntract，ｔheｒｅexistalargｅnumbeｒofｔradetermsinvaｒｉouｓmａjｏrssucｈａsMarｋeting,Fiｎanciｎｇ,ｃｏmputeｒｉnｇ,cｏmmｕnicaｔｉｎgtｅｃｈnical，enｇineeriｎg，ｉnterｎatiｏnａｌtraｄeaｎdｓooｎ.Wｈｅntｈｅ5

subjectsａreｄiffｅreｎt，tｈｅtechniｃaｌｔｅrｍsaｒealｓodifｆerent(ZｈengＨongliaｎ,2010)。Accｏrdinｇtotｈｅｉｎternaｔionalsaｌｅsｃontracｔ,thｅmoｓtobvｉｏusoneistｈｅｐrｉｃｅｔerm。ReferringtoＩNCOTERM20０0,thｅｒeaｒｅ13tｒadｅtermsunｔｉlｎoｗ．Theyareｏftendｉvｉdｅdｉntoｆourｇｒoｕｐs。GroupE(Depａｒｔure）：ＥXW—ExＷorks；ＧrouｐF(MainCａrrｉａgeＵnpaｉd):FＣＲ－FreｅCaｒrier;FAＳ-FｒeeAｌoｎgsｉdｅSｈｉp；FOB—FreeＯｎBoarｄ；GｒｏupC（ＭainCarrｉａgｅＰａid）:CＦR—Coｓt&Ｆreight;CＩＦ-Ｃｏsｔ,Iｎsurａnce&Ｆreiｇht;ＣPT—CaｒriａgｅPaiｄ&InsurancePaidto；to;CIP—CarriageGroｕpＤ(Arriｖal):ＤAF—DeｌiveredＡtＦrｏntiｅr;DEＳ—DeliverｅdExShiｐ;ＤEQ－DeliveredExQｕaｙ;DDＵ-DeliveｒedＤutyUnpaｉd；DDＰ—DelivｅrｅｄDuｔyＰａid．FOB(FｒｅeonBoard,ｎamedpｏｒtofsｈiｐment)-—-Thatisonlytobeｕsedwｈeｎthｅｐrincipａｌcａｒriagｅｏｆgｏodsｉｓbyseaopｐosedtｏcarriagｅbｙｌanｄ,ａiｒorｍulｔimodalforｍsoｆtransporｔ.Itreqｕiｒesｔhｅsellｅｒthebuyeｒaｔaｐortａndaｔｔoputthｅgｏodsonashiｐnominatedbyａtiｍｅｎominaｔｅｄbｙthebuｙｅr.Thesｅllerisrｅｓpｏnｓｉｂｌefortｈecostｓｏｆtｈegoｏｄsｂeiｎgｔranspoｒｔeｄoｎtｏtｈeｓｈip.Thｅbｕｙerｈａstoｔakｅdelivｅryoｆthｅgｏｏｄsatｔhepoiｎtanｄtｏpayaｌｌｓubsequｅntｃosｔsｉｎcludingsｔowａgｅｏｆthegooｄs,freightaｎｄinsｕｒａｎｃeaswelｌascosｔsinvolveｄinclearｉnｇｔheｇoｏdｓｏｎarｒivａlatdeｓtinａtion(ＺhangLiyu,2０05:27)错误!ＴheuｎitpriceoｆＣaｎvａsFoldｉngＣhaｉrswithＷｏｏdenFｒ6

amｅisUS＄12。00CＦRSａnＦrａnciｓcｏ(WuMｉn&WuＭｉｎgzhonｇ，2009:12)ＴradetermCFRiｓｕsedhere.Fromtheｐriｃetｅrｍ,thｅcompositionofｔhepriceｉsｅvidentlｙsｅen。Siｍultaneouｓly,ｔheresponsｉbilitｙandobｌｉgatｉｏnsoｆbothPartiesarequｉｔｅｃｌeaｒ.Priceteｒmistheindispeｎsiｂｌeｃｏnｄiｔioniｎtheｉntｅrnａtionａlsalesconｔｒact，ｔhuｓｎtracttoo．ｉtｆｏｒｍsoneoftheｌexicaｌｆeaｔuresｏfｃo错误!Fｏｒｔｈｅtｒaｄｅteｒｍｓｏfthetransｐｏｒｔininternatiｏnaｌcontｒact,therｅｉsｌineｒtrａｎspoｒｔ,shiｐpingbychaｒteｒiｎg,Ｖoyａgｅcｈarteｒ，tｉmeｃharｔｅr,ｐａrｔiａlｓhipmｅnｔ，transsｈｉpmeｎｔ,poｒtａｄｄiｔioneｔc.错误!Forthｅtermｓaｂoutthｅasｓｕｒanｃe,thereｉstotａlｌoss，generａlaverage,ｐarｔicｕｌaｒavｅragｅ,withpartiｃuｌaｒaveｒage,ｗｉthaverage，ａｌlrisksｅtｃ。1.1.2ArｃhａisｍＡrｃhａismisｏftenｕtｉlｉzediｎthｅiｎterｎａtioｎalｓaｌｅscoｎtracttomａnｉｆesｔthｅformａlityofｔｈeconｔｒact．Ａｒchaismｕsｅdｉnｔhｅcｏntractiｓusuaｌlｙconventioｎaｌaｎｄit＇ｓoneoｆｔhedistinｃtiveｆeａtｕreｓofｔhecontraｃｔｂｅcauseiｔisnotemｐlｏyedｉnotherwｒｉttenEｎglishandｏraｌEｎgliｓｈintheｍｏdernwｏrｌd.Theｆrequｅｎtｕｓiｎgfｏrmofarｃhａｉｓmｉscoｍpoundwｏrdsｗhicｈconsistofａｄdingsｅvｅrａlpreposｉtｉｏnsafｔerherｅ,thereanｄwhｅre。Ｉｎｔｈeiｎterｎatiｏnａｌcontractｓ,herｅmeansthｉs,thｅremeansｔhａt,wｈeremeansｗｈicｈ(XiaYong，2０10)。ThecoｍmonlyseｅnArｃhaisｍsａppｌｉｅdintheinteｒnatiｏnａlsalesｃontrａctarｅliｓteｄasｆollowing:Hereby=bｙmeaｎsofｔhｉs,ｂyｒeasonｏｆtｈis;Hｅreiｎ＝inｔhis；Hereinaｆter＝lａteｒinthｉsｃoｎtract;Herewith=withthis；7

Hereaｆｔｅr=aｆｔerwardｓ；fromｔｈａt;Thereｏｆ＝ofthaｔ;nsiderｉngthat,but;Ｗhｅreby=ｂyｗｈat,ｂyｗhｉch;wｈat,ofｗhicｈetc.Tｈｅrｅfrom＝Whereaｓ=cｏWhｅreｏf＝ｏfＩntheSalｅsContｒａｃtofEngｌisｈwrｉtingfoｒIｎternaｔionａlEcoｎomiｃaｎdtradｅCoｎtrａcts（ibiｄ。:12)，arcｈaｉｓmiｓｕsedinthｅfolｌowiｎgａrtiｃleｓ：错误!ThisSaｌesConｔｒaｃｔiｓmadebyandｂetwｅeｎｔhｅSeｌlersａndtheBuyｅrswｈereby（bｙwhｉch)theＳｅllerｓａgreｅｔｏselｌandtheBuyersagｒeetｏｂuytheunｄer—meｎtiｏnedgoodｓaccoｒdinｇtothetermsａｎdｃonditionssｔipuｌatｅdbeｌｏw.(ibｉd.:10)错误!ＴhisAgreementshalｌbeｇinontｈｅdａtehereoｆ(oｆtｈisＡgreeｍent)ａndshallｃontiｎuefor5ｙｅａｒｓthereaｆｔeｒ(ａfｔerthａtｄaｔe)(ibid。：8)＼o＼ac（○,6）Intheｅvenｔoｆthｅdｅaｔhｏfanｙpartner，ｔｈiｓpaｒtｎershｉpshaｌlnoｔbｅtheｒebydisｓolved（ｂeｄiｓsolｖeｄｂｙthatdeath)(ibiｄ.：９)Froｍｔｈeseｅxampｌｅs,aｒchaismsareｆrｅｑueｎtlｙemｐloyeｄａｓthearｔiclesshouｌdｓpecifｙaｎｄstｉｐｕｌateｔｈeoｂｌigaｔiｏnｓａnddutiesofｂoｔhＰａrtiesｃｌｅaｒlｙinｔheinternatｉonaｌsalescｏｎtraｃt．Iｆａrｃhaisｍsaｒenotｕseｄ，ｔheｓｅｎteｎcewilｌbesｅｅnwordｙandｌoｎg。Oｎtheｃoｎtrａry，usｉngarｃhaｉsmsｃaｎｓhoｒteｎtｈeｓentencｅandmaｋeｓtｈeｓｅｎtencemｏrｅcoｎcise．Ｔhusａrｃhaismisagooｄtｏoltouseinｔheiｎternationａlｓalｅscontract.1.1.3LｏanworｄLｏaｎwordiｓalsocallｅdboｒｒowingwｏrdorforｅｉgｎｗｏｒ8d。Asthｅreiｓalonghistoryoｆtwｏbiglaｗｓystｅmsｉｎｔheworlｄ,wｈｉcｈａregｅneraｌlawｓystemaｎｄconｔineｎｔallawsｙsｔeｍ,aｌargeｐarｔoｆｃontｒacｔuａｌEnglｉsｈareｆｒｏｍforeigｎｗｏrｄs(WaｎｇGuiｈua,2008）。SｏmeｏftｈeｍareａssimilatedｂyＥnglish,whilesｏmeofｔhemaｒestillｐresｅrved(DiｎgＹanｇ,20０4)。1)ＷｏrｄｓborrowingｆrｏmFｒeｎch：suit,comｐlaint,proｐoｓal,assuraｎce，pｌaintiｆf，defendant，ｓtatｕte,verdict，waｒｒａｎt,ｂail,viceversａ,forｃemａｊeｕre（unforeｓeeｎｃirｃumstancｅs),viｓ-à-ｖiｓ(incomparｉsonwith)etc．2)WorｄsbｏｒｒoｗｉngｆroｍLatinwｏrｄs:baｓｉs，declaration,register，ｓtaｔe，aｄｈｏc,ｐrｏrata,advalｏｒemdutｙ(pricetax),bｏｎaｆｉdｅｈolder(dｒaftgooｄwiｌlholdｅr）,proviｓｏ(ｒestriｃtiveclaｕse)，actioniｎpｅrsｉnam(lｅgalacｔiｏｎspuｒsｕed）,exdiｖideｎｄ／excoupoｎ（wｉthoutｄividｅnd／ｅx:wiｔhｏuｔ，noｔincluding)，agentａｄlitem(ｅｎtrustedaｇｅｎｔ)，prｏratataxｒate（pｒopoｒtionalｔaxraｔe），iｎｓｕrａｎcepremiuｍpercapita,asper（aｃcorｄiｎgto),ｔaleqｕａｌe(ｉｎａcｃordancewｉｔhtｈesample)eｔc。错误!E。g.：TｈeａrbitrａtｉonｓｈalltaｋeplaceinthePlaintiff’sorDｅfｅnｄａnt’sｃｏuｎｔry（ibｉd.：4)。Ｉnthisexampｌｅ,plａintiffｍeanｓaｐｅrｓonwhomaｋeｓａｆormａlｃｏmｐlaｉnｔagaiｎstsｏｍeboｄyinaｃourtofｌａw.Deｆendantmeanstｈepｅrsoｎｉnacourtｏflawｗhoｉsaccuseｄｏfcomｍｉttｉnｇacｒimeorwhoisbｅingｓｕedbyanoｔherpersｏn.HereplaintiffａndｄefendantaｒeboｔｈoriginａtｅdfromＦrｅnchａndnowthｅyaｒｅａｓsimｉｌａtｅｄtoEngliｓh。错误!E.ｇ.:TｈeＳellerｓshallnotbeｈｅldlｉaｂlｅｆorfailureoｒｄelaｙindelｉveｒyofｔｈeentirelotoｒaportionoｆtｈegｏodsunderｔｈiｓConｆirmaｔionｉnconsequeｎceｏfaｎyforceMajeｕrｅｉnciｄeｎts(ｉbｉd。：13)．FoｒceMａjeurｅmeanｓｒesｉｓtanceorunｆoreｓeencircuｍstａnce，a9

ｎditiｓborｒoｗeｄfromFrenｃh。Thisphrasｅｐｒeseｎｔsthｅfeａtuｒeofｆormalityandlｏａnwoｒdｓatthesaｍetime.Ｉｎtheinternaｔionalsaleｓcoｎｔｒａct，manybｕsinesｓwordsaｒeoriginatｅdfrｏmFｒeｎchorＬatinwords,ｓomｅａrｅｄeｒiveｄanｄｃompｏuｎdedｂythｅｉrroots，somebusinessworｄshavesameprｅfixｏrsuffix,theirmeanｉngｓarerｅlａtivelysｔaｂle,oｎtheｂasiｓoｆwhich，usｉnglｏaｎwｏrｄsexpressthecｏnceｐtｉoｎmorepreｃiseｌy。1.1.4ＳynonymｓIｎｔheｉntｅrｎatioｎalｓａleｓcoｎtｒact,syｎonymsａreｏftenaｐpｅareｄattｈeｓametｉme．Asaｇenerａlｒuｌe，theseｓynonymsoｎlyhavelittｌediffeｒｅnces，wｈiｃhｍakｅtheconｔｒａctbeinafeatuｒeofcｏmprehｅnｓiｖenｅｓsａndcompacｔnesssothａtitcａnrｅduｃｅthepｏssibｉlｉtyｏｆdisｐｕtｅs(LiYu＆ZｈａngLｉn，2０03)。Accordingtothecharacteristicｏrｐroｐertyｏftheｗoｒd，tｈeｓynonymsusedintｈeｉｎｔｅrnatiｏｎaｌsａlｅsｃonｔractｃanｂediｖｉｄedintoｔhefoｌｌｏwｉngtｙpeｓ:1)Sｙnｏnｙmｓfornoun：ｔermsandconditｉoｎs;provisionｓａｎdsｔｉpulaｔions；ａｇｅntsaｎdrepresentaｔivｅsetｃ。2)Synoｎymｓforveｒb：ａlterａnｄcｈanｇe;bｉnｄａndｏbligate;furnishａndｐroviｄｅ;cｏnｃludｅ/makｅaｎdｅnterｉｎto;ａcknoｗｌeｄgeａndａgrｅｅetc。3)Synonymｓforadjective：ｎullandvoid，soleanｄexclusｉvｅ；finalandconclｕsｉvｅ；transｆerableorassignablｅeｔｃ.4)Sｙnonymsforconjｕnctｉoｎ：ｗｈeｎanｄaｓeｔc.5)Synonymsfｏrpｒeｐosｉｔｉoｎ:ｆromaｎｄａbove；unｄerandｂy;ｂｙａndbｅtweｅneｔｃ.错误!Ｅ。g。:ＥachpartｙｔothisＡｇrｅemenｔshallｐｅｒformａndｆulfilｌanｙoｆｔhｅobligatioｎsunｄertｈｉsAgreｅmeｎt（ｉbiｄ。：3）。Iｎｔhｉsａrticｌe,perfoｒmaｎｄｆuｌfilｌaremadeuseｏfto10

stｉpｕｌatethｅdｕtiｅsanｄobｌigatｉonsｏfeachParty.Peｒｆｏrｍmｅaｎs“toｄｏsｏmeｔｈｉng，suｃhaｓaｐieceofwoｒk,taskoｒdutｙ。"Ｆuｌfｉllmeａns“toａcｈiｅvewｈatwashopｅdfororexpecteｄorwhatｉsreｑuｉreｄorｎecｅssａrｙ.”（OｘfordAdｖａncedLeaｒner’sEngｌiｓh-ＣhinｅseDictioｎａry—the6tｈEditｉon）Vｅrb-formeｄsyｎｏnｙmsａreｅｍplｏyedtoｂetｔｅrｒｅｇulatｅtherespoｎsibｉlｉtｙandrｉｇhｔｓｏfbotｈParｔieｓ’。Synonymsａreusｅｄtoacｈieveapurpｏseofemphａsis，correｃｔｎessａndcomｐaｃtｎeｓｓ。错误!E.g。:TｈeｕndersiｇnedＳｅｌｌｅrsanｄBuyershaveaｇrｅedtocｌosｅｔｈefoｌlｏwinｇｔrａnsactionaｃｃordiｎｇtotｈeｔｅrmｓandcｏndｉtｉonsstipulａtedｂeｌｏw（ibid.:1２).Teｒmｓaｎdcondiｔiｏnsmean“aｒｕleordｅcisionthatyouｍuｓｔagreeto,ｓomeｔｉｍesｆormingｐartofａ