2021年新高考英语 阅读理解之说明文（江苏专用） 解析

2021年新高考英语阅读理解

说明文考前押题解析版

一、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

FormanyCovidpatientswithlong-termsymptoms,onlinesupportgroupshavebeenaninvaluableresource.

Severalgroupshavethousandsofmembers.Inadditiontoconnectingpatientsandadvocatingforbettercare,

somegroupsarealsolaunchingtheirownresearcheffortsorcollaboratingwithresearchers.Smallergroupshave

formedtofocusonchildrenorpatientswithspecificsymptoms,suchasheartorneurologicalissues.

AmongthemostactiveisBodyPolitic,asupportgroupthatstartedinlateMarchasasmallInstagramgroup

chat.Itnowhasmorethan14,000sign-upsfrompeopleacrosstheworldandmovedtoSlackwhereithas

organizedintomorethan50channelsondifferenttopics.

Thegroupalsolaunchedapatient-ledresearcharm,publishingitsfirstsurveyinMayandcurrentlyworking

onanotherone.

DianaBerrent,a46-year-oldinPortWashington,N.Y.,foundedSurvivorCorps,aFacebookgroupand

website,inlateMarchafterbeingdiagnosedwithCovid.HeroriginalmissionwastomobilizerecoveredCovid-19

patientstodonateplasma.

Thegroupnowhasmorethan110,000membersandhasbecomeanadvocacygroupforpatientsdealingwith

long-termsymptoms.Thegroupisworkingwithresearchersandlobbyingformorelong-termCovidcarecenters.

AnotherpopularsupportgroupisLongHaulCovidFighters,whichstartedonFacebookinApril.Onceit

becameclearthatsomeCovid-19patientsweren*tgettingbetterevenafterthreemonths,asecondgroupformedin

Juneforthoseearlierintheirillness.

“Eachgroupislimitedtoabout5,000members,HsaysChelseaAlionar,a37-year-oldlongCovidpatientin

Keizer,Ore.,andanadministrator.Ms.Alionarsaystherearenewplansforathirdgroupasthenumberofpatients

grows.

“OurmissionistoprovidesupportforthosewhosehealthhasbeenaffectedbyCovid-19,topromotepublic

awarenessandeducationregardinglengthyCovidrecovery,andtoadvocateforthemedical,mentalhealth,and

socialinterestsoflonghaulCovidsurvivors,"saysMs.Alionar.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutBodyPolitic?

A.Itisthemostactiveonlinesupportgroup.

B.IthasattractedCovidsurvivorsallovertheworld.

C.IthaspublisheditsfirstsurveyinlateMarch.

D.ItworksonInstagramandSlackatthesametime.

2.WhatwasDianaBerrent'sinitialintentionofsettingupSurvivorCorps?

A.Tocureherselfofadisease.

B.Topromotepublicawarenessandeducation.

C.ToprovidesupporttopeoplewhohavesurvivedCovid.

D.TocallonCovidsurvivorstocontributetheirplasma.

3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastbutoneparagraph?

A.Eachofthegroupshasatmost5,000members.

B.ChelseaAlionarhasrecoveredfromCovid-19.

C.MoreonlineCovidsupportgroupswillbeneededinthenearfuture.

D.ThenumberofthepeoplewhosufferfromCovid-19isonthedecrease.

4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Thetaskandresponsibilityoftheonlinesupportgroups.

B.ThesupportforthepeoplesufferingfromCovid.

C.ThewaystodealwithCovid-19inthelongterm.

D.Thetypesoftheonlinesupport.

【答案】

1.B

2.D

3.C

4.A

【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了几个线上的新冠肺炎长期患者的互助组织。

1.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句"Itnowhasmorethan14,000sign-upsfrompeopleacrosstheworld...

（现在已经有超过L4万名来自世界各地的用户注册……户可知，BodyPolitic吸引了世界各地的新冠肺炎幸

存者。故选B项。

2.细节理解题。从第五段最后一句"HeroriginalmissionwastomobilizerecoveredCovid-19patientstodonate

plasma.”可知，她最初的目标就是要动员康复的新冠患者捐献血浆。故选D项。

3.推理判断题。从倒数第二段"Ms.Alionarsaystherearenewplansforathirdgroupasthenumberofpatients

grows.（Alionar女士表示，随着患者数量的增加，第三组也有了新的计划。）“可知，随着病人数量的增长，

将来可能需要更多的新的互助团队。故选C项。

4.主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段"FormanyCovidpatientswithlong-termsymptoms,onlinesupport

groupshavebeenaninvaluableresource.（对于许多有长期症状的新冠肺炎患者来说，线上互助组织是宝贵的

资源。户可知，本文主要介绍了几个线上的新冠肺炎长期患者的互助组织的使命和职责。故选A项。

B

Whatifyoucouldgiveyourchildaspecialgift?Agiftthatwasneverthesame,alwayschanging?Nowwhat

ifthisgiftwasfree,readilyavailableandlastedforever?

Wheredoyoufindsuchagift?It*seasy:Justopenyoureyesandlookupattheskywithyourchild,andyou'll

discover"thetheatreoveryourheadswhichpresentsallkindsofshows,"or"theartgalleryabove.'1saysJack

Borden,formerBostontelevisionreporterwhofounded"ForSpaciousSkies（FSS）n,anon-profiteducational

organizationwiththepurposeof"stimulatingandsustainingpublicawarenessoftheappearanceofthesky".

Borden*sbigvisionistobringabout"neweyes'*inyoungchildrenintermsofhowtheyseethesky.Butthe

mosteffectiveteachersandinfluencersofchildren-theirparents-needtobecome"skyaware"themselvesin

ordertopassthegiftalong.

Andthere'stherub.

"Couldyoudescribetheskyrightnow,withoutlookingoutofyourwindow?Arethereclouds?Ifso,whatdo

theylooklike?Ninechancesoutof10,youdon'thaveaclueaboutthesky'sappearance,"saysBorden."Weknow

thatpeoplearenotlookingatthesky.Iftheyperceivetheskyatall,it'sinthecontextoftheweatherorastronomy."

"Skyawarenessmeansexpandingyourhorizonssothatyoubegintoseethattheskyistheprovince,notjust

oftheweatherreporter,butofthephotographer,theartist,thepoet,thedreamer,ofthephysicalscientist.0says

Borden.

Andit'stheprovinceofparentsandtheirchildren.

Whatparentdoesn'twanttofosterobservationability,imagination,creativity,curiosityandenvironmental

responsibilityintheirchildren?”There'salottothis.There'smoretoitthanIeverdreamed,"saysBorden.

1.Whatisthespecialgiftfbrchildrenactuallyabout?

A.Anewviewofthesky.B.Anewrelationshiptonature.

C.Agoodrelationshipwithparents.D.Moreknowledgeabouttheweather.

2.WhatdoesBordenthinkofparentsbecoming"skyaware"?

A.Itisalmostimpossible.B.Itisstillunpopularwiththem.

C.Itisunimportantforthem.D.Itisquiteunthinkable.

3.Whyisn'ttheskyjusttheprovinceoftheweatherreporter?

A.Theskyhasagreateffectonpeople'sdailylife.

B.Manyotherpeoplealsoshowinterestintheweather.

C.Manyotherpeoplealsoplayaroleinweatherreport.

D.Theskyalsoproducesvariouseffectsformanyothers.

4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?

A.Borden'sdream.B.Advicetoparents.

C.Benefitsofskyawareness.D.Requirementsforcloudwatching.

【答案】

1.A

2.B

3.D

4.C

【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍推荐给孩子一份免费的礼物，让孩子观察天空，以及这么做的好处。

1.推理判断题。根据第三段“Borden'sbigvisionistobringaboutnneweyes11inyoungchildrenintermsofhow

theyseethesky.（博登的远大愿景是为孩子们带来“新眼睛”，让他们知道如何看待天空户可知，就如何看天

空这方面来说，博登的愿景就是在孩子身上培养对天空有新的看法。故选A。

2.推理判断题。根据第三段“Butthemosteffectiveteachersandinfluencersofchildren—theirparents—need

tobecome"skyaware'*themselvesinordertopassthegiftalong.（但是，最有效的老师和孩子的影响力---他

们的父母——需要自己成为“天空意识”，以便把这份礼物传递下去）“可知，孩子的父母需要对天空有足够

的认识，以及第四段“Andthere,stherub.（这就是问题所在）”，然后根据第五段“Couldyoudescribethesky

rightnow,withoutlookingoutofyourwindow?Arethereclouds?Ifso,whatdotheylooklike?Ninechancesout

of10,youdonthaveaclueabouttheskykappearance（不透过窗户，你能立刻描述天空吗？天空有云吗？如果

有的话，是什么样的？十有八九，对于天空的样子，你一点也不了解）'‘可推出，很多父母对于天空缺乏观

察。故选B。

3.推理判断题。根据第六段“Skyawarenessmeansexpandingyourhorizonssothatyoubegintoseethatthesky

istheprovince,notjustoftheweatherreporter,butofthephotographer,theartist,thepoet,thedreamer,ofthe

physicalscientist.（天空意识就是要拓展你的视野，你开始认识到天空不仅仅是天气预报员的对象，也是摄

影师，艺术家，诗人，以及物理学家的对象）”可知，天空也会对其他行业产生影响，故选D。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whatparentdoesn'twanttofosterobservationability,imagination,creativity,

curiosityandenvironmentalresponsibilityintheirchildren?"There'salottothis.There'smoretoitthanIever

dreamed,"saysBorden.（有哪位父母不愿意培养孩子的观察能力、想象力、创造力、好奇心和环境责任感

呢？“这有很多。这比我想象的要复杂得多，“博登说）”可知，本段主要讲述的是天空意识的好处。故选

Co

C

ThestartoftheU.S.Atlantichurricaneseasonisjustovertwoweeksawayandforecastersareexpecting

particularlyhighactivitythisyear.WithwarmerthanusualconditionsexpectedintheNorthAtlanticthissummer,

meteorologists（气象学者）havepredictedthattheseasoncouldproduceeightormorehurricanes.

Whileforecasterscannotpredicthowmanyhurricanes—ifany—willmakelandfall,thepotentialfor

dangerousstormstostrikethesouthernandeasterncoastsbringsanadditionalproblemforaulhorities（专家）

alreadystrugglingwiththeCOVID-19.

ExpertssaythattheCOVID-19isaffectingthecapabilitiesoftheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency

（FEMA）andotherorganizationsinvolvedinrespondingtonaturaldisasters.

RetiredU-S.ArmyLieutenantGeneralJeffreyTalley,whonowleadsglobaleffortsondisastermanagementat

IBM'sCenterfortheBusinessofGovernment,saidthatwithFEMAandotherauthoritiesengagedwithresponding

totheCOVID-19,resourceswillbelimitedifahurricanestrikes.

“Whenwelookatadisaster...Ithinkofitintermsofhowwepreparefor,respondtoandrecoverfromthose

typesofevents,Talleysaid"Rightnowwe'reinthemiddleoftheresponseofCOVTD-19.Noneofusarereally

surehowlongit'sgoingtolastandhowtheresponsetodisastersisgoingtobedifferent,say,twomonthsfrom

now,sixmonthsfromnow,soonandsoforth,“hesaid.

AccordingtoTalley,theCOVID-19couldcomplicatetheresponsetoahurricanebyinterruptingtheflowof

emergencysuppliestoareaswheretheyareurgentlyneededatkeymoments.

Socialdistancingandstay-at-homeorderswillalsoforceauthoritiesalongthesouthandeastcoasttorethink

howtheymanagepeoplewhomustleavetheirhomesintheeventofadisaster.Whilemanystatesarealready

liftingsomelockdownrestrictions,socialdistancingwillstillbeimportantformanymonthstocome.

1.AccordingtoTalley,howcouldCOVID-19influencetheresponsetoahurricane?

A.Morepeoplewillleavehometofightagainstahurricane.

B.Rescuematerialsmightnotreachdisasterareassometimes.

C.Lockdowncangreatlyreducedamageandinjury.

D.Thepandemic（流行病）makesithardertopredicthurricanes.

2.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Peoplethroughoutthecountrynolongerneedtostayathome.

B•Thestategovernmentsareconfidentaboutdealingwithhurricanes.

C.Authoritiesalongthecoastswillsticktotheformerorders.

D.Itisnecessarytokeepsocialdistanceinthecomingmonths.

3.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.MoreDestructiveHurricanestoBeExpected

B.MoreDifficulttoForecastHurricanesComing

C.COVED-19toWorsenHurricaneResponse

D.SocialDistancingNeededinComingMonths

【答案】

1.B

2.D

3.C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国预计今年的飓风活动会特别频繁，然而专家表示，

C0VID-19影响了美国联邦紧急事务管理局和其他参与应对自然灾害的组织的能力，也使应对飓风的工作

复杂化。

1.细节理解题。根据第六段中“AccordingtoTalley,theCOVID-19couldcomplicatetheresponsetoahurricane

byinterruptingtheflowofemergencysuppliestoareaswheretheyareurgentlyneededatkeymoments.（Talley表

示，COVID-19可能会使应对飓风的工作复杂化，因为它会在关键时刻中断向急需物资的地区提供紧急物

资）“可知，Talley认为C0VID-19会导致救援物资有时可能无法到达灾区，从而影响对飓风的响应。故选

B项。

2.推理判断题。根据最后一■段中“Whilemanystatesarealreadyliftingsomelockdownrestrictions,social

distancingwillstillbeimportantformanymonthstocome.（虽然许多州已经解除了一些封锁限制，但在未来的

几个月里，保持社交距离仍然很重要）“可知，在接下来的几个月里保持社交距离是必要的。故选D项。

3.主旨大意题。根据第三段中“ExpertssaythattheCOVID-19isaffectingthecapabilitiesoftheFederal

EmergencyManagementAgency（FEMA）andotherorganizationsinvolvedinrespondingtonaturaldisasters.（专

家表示，COVID-19正在影响联邦紧急事务管理局（FEMA）和其他参与应对自然灾害的组织的能力）”和第一

段中“ThestartoftheU.S.Atlantichurricaneseasonisjustovertwoweeksawayandforecastersareexpecting

particularlyhighactivitythisyear.（距离美国大西洋飓风季节的开始还有两个多星期，天气预报员预计今年的

飓风活动会特别频繁）''以及第六段中“AccordingtoTalley,theCOVID-19couldcomplicatetheresponsetoa

hurricanebyinterruptingtheflowofemergencysuppliestoareaswheretheyareurgentlyneededatkeymoments.

（Talley表示，COVID/9可能会使应对飓风的工作复杂化，因为它会在关键时刻中断向急需物资的地区提

供紧急物资）“可知，气象预报员预计今年的飓风活动会特别频繁，但是新冠肺炎影响了美国联邦紧急事务

管理局和其他参与应对自然灾害的组织的能力，也使应对飓风的工作复杂化。因此，本文的最佳标题是C

选项“C0VID-19将恶化对飓风的应对措施”。故选C项。

D

Formorethanacentury,studentjournalistsattheDailyTarHeel（DTH）havewrittenaboutlifeatUNC-

ChapelHill,USandraisedquestionsontheissuesoffreeexpression,education,andbig-timeathletics.

Theindependentstudentnewspaperrecentlycelebratedits125thanniversary（周年）.Tomarkthespecialday,

studentreportersaskedthequestion:What'sthefutureoftheDTH?Theproudnewspaperhasbeensearchingfor

theanswer,andsohavecollegenewspapersacrosstheUS.

Studentnewspapersarefacingadarkreality.Astheyarefreetoread,theyaremakinglessmoneythanever,

meaningthatsuchnewspapersarefindingithardtosurvive.

Mostcollegepapershavereducedtheirprinteditions（版本）.Lastyear,theDTHprintedapaperfourdaysa

week.Thisyear,itprintsapapereverythreedays.Andwhileitusedtoproducearound22,000newspaperseach

time,itonlymakesaround10,000now,saidEricaPerel,generalmanager.

Increasingly,studentjournalistshaveturnedtheirfocustodigitalversionsoftheirnewspapers,andthenew

waysthatsocialmediaallowsthemtotellstories.They'veadapted（使适应）theirskillstomirrorwhat'sgoingon

intheprofessionaljournalismworld.

“Ithinkwe'readaptingverywell...inmovingawayfromthatprintmentality（心态）.Butit'schallenging,

saidJonathanCarter,astudentatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity.

Sowhatshouldstudentnewspapersdo?LoMontesaidthebestsolutionwouldbeforuniversitiesto

financially（经济上）supportstudentjournalism.

Universityleadersliketotalkaboutproducingcivically（公民地）responsiblestudents,hesaid,andjournalism

isapartofthat."Collegesanduniversitieshavetorecognizeindependentmediacoverageasacivicgoodandstep

uptotheplate,hesaid.

Inthemeantime,campusnewspapersarefiguringouttheirfinancialmodelsastheygoalong.

BrucedePyssler,advisertoNorthCarolinaCentralUniversityCampusEchonewspaper,saidhisstudentspost

onestoryadayonline.Thebeststoriesareputtogetherforaonce-a-semester（学期）printedition.

Andevenifstudentjournalistsdon'tgointomediajobs,Perelsaid,they'vestillhadagreateducation.

“Thenumberonethingthatweteachiscritical（批判性）thinkingandhowtobealifelonglearner,shesaid.

“Theoneswhoarelivingthroughthistransition（过渡）aretheonesthataregoingtobealotstrongerforitinthe

end.^^

1.Whatismakingithardforstudentnewspaperstosurvivenowadays?

A.Poorprintingquality.B.Theimpactofdigitalmedia.

C.Expensiveadvertisingfees.D.Alackofstudentreporters.

2.WhatdoesLoMontesuggeststudentnewspapersdotosurvive?

A.Reduceprinteditions.B.Askcollegesformoney.

C.Publishmoredigitaleditions.D.Createtheirownfinancialmodels.

3.Howcanstudentjournalistsbenefitfromthejob,inPerePsopinion?

A.Theybecomegoodatstorytelling.B.Theygainproblem-solvingskills.

C.Theybecomealogicalthinker.D.Theylearnhowtobealifelonglearner.

4.What'sthearticlemainlyabout?

A.TheproudhistoryoftheDailyTarHeel.

B.Studentreportersadaptingtochangingsituations.

C.SchoolnewspapersunderthreatinthedigitalageintheUS

D.Anexampleofhowtocombinetraditionalnewspaperswithnewmedia.

【答案】

1.B

2.B

3.D

4.C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国学校的校报在数字媒体时代受到威胁这一现象，并介绍了

学生记者是如何适应和利用数字媒体反映新闻消息的。

1.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Astheyarefreetoread,theyaremakinglessmoneythanever,meaningthat

suchnewspapersarefindingithardtosurvive.（由于他们可以自由阅读，他们赚的钱比以往任何时候都少，这

意味着这些报纸很难生存下去。户可知，数字媒体让现在的校报难以生存。故选B项。

2.细节理解题。根据第七段中“LoMontesaidthebestsolutionwouldbeforuniversitiestofinancially（经济上）

supportstudentjournalism.（LoMonte说，最好的解决办法是由大学资助学生新闻工作。）”可知，LoMonte建

议学生报纸向大学要钱维持生存。故选B项。

3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“"Thenumberonethingthatweteachiscritical（批判性）thinkingandhowto

bealifelonglearner,"shesaid.（“我们教的第一件事是批判性思维和如何成为一个终身学习者，”她说。户可

知，在Perel看来，学生记者可以从这份工作中学习如何成为一个终生学习者。故选D项。

4.主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Tomarkthespecialday,studentreportersaskedthequestion:What'sthefuture

oftheDTH?Theproudnewspaperhasbeensearchingfortheanswer,andsohavecollegenewspapersacrossthe

US.（为了纪念这个特殊的日子，学生记者提出了这样一个问题：DTH的未来是什么?这家自豪的报纸一直

在寻找答案，美国各地的大学报纸也在寻找答案。）"第三段中"Studentnewspapersarefacingadarkreality.

（学生报纸正面临着一个黑暗的现实。）"和第五段“Increasingly,studentjournalistshaveturnedtheirfocusto

digitalversionsoftheirnewspapers,andthenewwaysthatsocialmediaallowsthemtotellstories.They've

adapted（使适应）theirskillstomirrorwhat'sgoingonintheprofessionaljournalismworld.（越来越多的学生记

者将注意力转向报纸的数字版本，以及社交媒体让他们能够讲述故事的新方式。）”可知，本文主要讲述了

美国学校的校报在数字时代受到威胁这一现象，并介绍了学生记者是如何适应和利用数字媒体反映新闻消

息的。故选C项。

E

Earthwormsdon'tmovefast.Buthumanscanacceleratetheworms'spread.Fishermenoftenuseinvasive（蔓

延性的）earthwormstocatchfish.Manyhaveintroducedinvasiveearthwormstorivers,streamsandlakes

previouslyunexposedtotheseanimals.Gardenerswhouseearthwormstomaketheirsoilrichmayunknowingly

introduceinvasiveones.Thewormsevengiveridesinthemudonwheels,pottedplantsandroadmaterialsshipped

aroundthenation.

Butthey'renoteverywhereyet.IntheGreatLakesregion,"20percentofthelandisearthworm-free,says

CindyHale,aresearchbiologist.Oftheremaining80percentofland,halfofthelandhasfewerthantwo

earthwormspecies-meaningthereisn'tyettoomuchimpactontheecosystem,sheexplains.Fortheseregions,she

says,nowisthetimetotakeaction.AccordingtoHale,educatingthepublic,especiallyfishermen,isoneapproach

tostoppingthespreadofinvasiveearthworms.Identifyingwhichlandsarecurrentlyearthworm-freeisanother.

RyanHuefimeier,aprogramcoordinatorforGreatLakesWornWatch,hasbeenworkingonamodelthatwill

helpcreatelargemapsofareaswithminimal（最小的）ornodamagefromearthworms.Ultimately,landownerscan

useittoidentifyearthwormactivityontheirproperty.onceidentified,landswithminimalornoearthwormdamage

shouldbeprotected.

Butscientistssuspectthatonceinvasiveearthwormsarrivetheycan'tberemoved.Andevenifallcouldbe,

affectedforestsmightneverreturntothewaytheywere."It'sverymuchastoryoflearningtolivewiththem,“

concludesLeeFrelichoftheUniversityofMinnesota'sCenterforForestEcology.

Forestecologistshavecalledearthworms"ecosystemengineers^^becausetheycanchangeorcreatehabitats

thatotherwisewouldnotbepresent.Whetherthisisagoodthingdependsonthesituation.

“Whattheearthwormsdoandhowwevalueitiswhatreallymatters.^^saidHale."Inoneplace-farmfieldsor

gardens-wereallylikeEuropeanearthwormsandwhattheydo,soweconsiderthemgood.Innativehardwood

forests,wereallydon'tlikewhattheydo-soweconsiderthembad.Youreallyhavetounderstandhowan

organism（微生物）affectsanecosystem.Thingsaren'tblackandwhite.,,

1.Whyarefishermenandgardenersmentionedinthefirstparagraph?

A.Toattractmorepeopletofishingandgardening.

B.Tointroducedifferentusesofinvasiveearthworms.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofinvasiveearthwormstohumans.

D.Toshowhumans'effectonthespreadofinvasiveearthworms.

2.WhatisHale'sadviceonprotect