广东省韶关市2019-2020学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）

广东省韶关市20192020学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）本试卷共10页。卷面满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号和班级填写在答题卡指定的位置上。2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案信息点涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应的位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共15小题；每小题1.5分,满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第1段材料，回答第1至3题。1.Whendidthemangetacold?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday..2.Whywasthemanworried?A.Hehadtorestforthreedays.B.Hesufferedfromtheflu.C.Hehadtomakeapresentation.3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Danceinnotime.B.Takeherbalmedicine.C.Drinkteafourtimesaday.听第2段材料，回答第4至6题。4.Whichflightdoesthewomanbookfor?A.May2nd.B.May5th.C.May6th.5.HowmuchwillthewomanpayfortheflightfromHoustontoChicago?A.$150.B.$200.C.$300.6.Whatinformationdoesthewomanaskforatlast?A.Thereturnflight.B.Thetransportation.C.Thehotel.听第3段材料，回答第7至9题。7.Whatdoestheconversationmainlytalkabout?A.Howtosavewaterindailylife.B.Whattoeatanddrinkoutside.C.Howtoprotecttheenvironment.8.Whatdoes“trashcan”meanintheconversation?A.Abottleusedforwater.B.Aboxusedforrubbish.C.Awaytodowithrubbish.9.Howmanysuggestionsdoesthewomanoffer?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.听第4段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whydoesthewomanlikeshoppingonline?A.Itisconvenient.B.Shecansavemoremoney.C.Therearenofakegoods.11.Howcanthemankeephisonlineshoppingsafeaccordingtothewoman?A.Byrememberinghisownpassword.B.Bykeepinghisaccountnumberasecret.C.Byusinghisownputer.12.Whatdoesthemanworryaboutonlineshopping?A.Hecan'tseethegoodspersonally.B.Hisaccountnumberandpasswordmaybestolen.C.Hemaybuysomemoreexpensivegoods.听第5段材料，回答第13至15题。13.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Thestudentsintheuniversity.B.Theparentsattendingameeting.C.Theteachersinatrainingcourse.14.Whatdoesthespeakerlikebestintheschool?A.Thelibrary.B.Thedormitory.C.Thelecturehall.15.Whatisthespeaker'sdream?A.Tomakefriendswithothers.B.Tobeagoodteacher.C.Tohavemoreexperience.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分42.5分）第一节（共12小题；每小题2.5分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AItseemedlikeatypicalNovemberdaytwoyearsago,asIwalkedoutofWalgreens,astorenearmyhouse.ItwasjustamonthaftermygrandmotherhadpassedawayandIspentmydaysrunninguselesserrands(杂事)hopingtofilltheemptinessinmyheartanddistractmefromthepain.AsIattemptedtowalkoutofthestore,Ifeltexhaustedandhopelessandbeganwalkingtomycar.Suddenly,awomandrivingrightbymysiderolleddownherwindow.“Excuseme,excuseme,excuseme,”shesaidloudly.Thinkingshewasgoingtoaskformyparkingspot,Isimplypointedtomycar.“No,excuseme,”shesaidagain.Atthispoint,1feltIhadnochoicebuttoseewhatthisannoyingladywanted.Underaclutterofmakeup,money,pens,andotherbelongings,shefinallyreachedtotheverybottomofherbagandhandedmeathreepagebooklet.“Itlookslikeyouneedthis,”shesaidcalmlywithawarmsmileonherface.Ilookeddownatthemysteriousandobviouslyusedpamphletandonthefrontcoverinbigboldlettersread“WhatHopeforDeadLovedOnes?”Ittookmeonlyafewsecondstounderstandtheexchangewiththiswoman,butbythetimeIlookedup,shewasgone.IfeltasenseofrelaxationasIopenedthefirstpage.Itexplainedhowpeoplepassaway,buttheirspiritremainswithus.ThiswasthefirsttimesincemygrandmahadpassedthatIfeltherwithme,justlikeIhadwanted.Ididn'tknowwhethertolaughorcry,butIdidknowthatIfinallyfelthappinessfromthesurprisingchangeinevents.Icouldn't,andstillcan't,believewhathadhappenedtomeonthatday.ItwasarandomdayinNovemberwhenmylifeturnedbackaroundandIbegantofeelhopeagain.Itwasreal.Itwasamiracle.And,I'llrememberitfortherestofmylife.1.Whydidtheauthorspenddaysdoinguselessthings?A.Tokillhersparetime. B.Torelievethesuffering.C.Toreflectonherself. D.Tomakeherselffulfilled.2.Whydidthewomansay“Excuseme”soloudly?A.Tocatchtheauthor'sattention. B.Togettheauthor'sparkingspace.C.Toshareherexperiencewiththeauthor. D.Toplainabouttheauthor'simproperbehavior.3.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthethreepagebooklet?A.Itincludedsomemysteriousstories.B.Itwasagiftfromhergrandmother.C.Itgavepeoplesomeadviceonhowtofindhappiness.D.Itshowedthatpeople'sspiritwouldstayafterdeath.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LovefromMyGrandma B.ARandomDayinNovemberC.AMiracleattheParkingLot D.fortfromaWomanStranger【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者的祖母去世了，这使得作者深陷痛苦的深渊，无法自拔。一天，作者在商店外停车场遇到一个一直想引起作者注意的女士，作者觉得她很烦人。出人意料的是，她送给作者一个三页纸的小册子，它解释了人们是如何去世的，但他们的精神仍与我们同在。从那之后，作者心情释然，重燃了对生活的希望。作者感叹这是停车场发生的一个奇迹。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段ItwasjustamonthaftermygrandmotherhadpassedawayandIspentmydaysrunninguselesserrands(杂事)hopingtofilltheemptinessinmyheartanddistractmefromthepain.（那是我祖母去世后的一个月，我每天都在做一些无用的事情，希望能填补内心的空虚，转移我对痛苦的注意力。）由此可知，作者消磨时光做一些没用的事情是为了减轻痛苦。故选B。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段Suddenly,awomandrivingrightbymysiderolleddownherwindow.“Excuseme,excuseme,excuseme,”shesaidloudly.Thinkingshewasgoingtoaskformyparkingspot,Isimplypointedtomycar.“No,excuseme,”shesaidagain.Atthispoint,1feltIhadnochoicebuttoseewhatthisannoyingladywanted.（突然，坐在我旁边的一位女士摇下了车窗。“对不起，对不起，对不起，”她大声说。我以为她会向我要停车位，就简单地指了指我的车。“不，对不起，”她又说了一遍。这时，我觉得我别无选择，只能看看这位烦人的女士到底想要什么。）可知作者心情烦躁，这位女士一直说“对不起，对不起”，作者以为她会向自己要停车位，作者懒得搭理她，只是简单地指了指自己的车，而这位女士还在说：“对不起”，作者不得不看这位女士到底想干什么。由此推知，这位女士这么大声说“对不起”是为了引起作者的注意。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段Itexplainedhowpeoplepassaway,buttheirspiritremainswithus.（它解释了人们是如何去世的，但他们的精神仍与我们同在。）可知从这本三页纸的小册子中，我们可以了解到人死后灵魂还会存在。故选D。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段Icouldn't,andstillcan't,believewhathadhappenedtomeonthatday.ItwasarandomdayinNovemberwhenmylifeturnedbackaroundandIbegantofeelhopeagain.Itwasreal.Itwasamiracle.And,I'llrememberitfortherestofmylife.（我不能，现在仍然不能相信那天发生在我身上的事。11月的一个偶然的日子，我的生活发生了逆转，我又开始感到希望。这是真实的。这是一个奇迹。我一辈子都会记得的。）结合全文内容，可知本文主要讲了作者的祖母去世了，这使得作者深陷痛苦的深渊，无法自拔。一天，作者在商店外停车场遇到一个一直想引起作者注意的女士，作者觉得她很烦人。出人意料的是，她送给作者一个三页纸的小册子，它解释了人们是如何去世的，但他们的精神仍与我们同在。作者从那之后，心情释然，重燃了对生活的希望。作者感叹这是停车场发生的一个奇迹。所以这篇文章最好的题目是“停车场的奇迹”，该题目能引起读者的兴趣，且升华了文章的主题。故选C。BForalongtime,hikersinJapanhaveconsideredabearbellessential.Itstinnyringissaidtoscareoffthehugecreatures.Nowadays,however,bearbellsareincreasinglyusefulonthewaytotheshopsaswellasinthewild.“Thenumberofanimalswhetherbears,boarsormonkeysisexpanding,andtheyaregoingintovillagesandtowns,”saysHirotoEnariofYamagataUniversity.Japanishometomanyspeciesofwildanimals,includingbothblackandbrownbears.It'sestimatedthatthenumberofbearshasbeenrisingsince2000.In2018,thenumberwascloseto13,000.Thereappearancehasitsrootsinhumandemography(人口统计学):thereductionofJapan'spopulationisespeciallyobviousinruralareas,whereitisdeeplyinfluencedbyongoingurbanization.Usually,thebearsareafraidofenteringavillagewithpeoplearound.Theappearanceofbearsismoreseeninvillageswherethepopulationisfallingfastest.HuntingisdeclininginJapantoo.Governmentdatasuggestthattheaveragehunterisnow68yearsold.Thecountry'smanyforestsandmountainsprovideanexpansivehabitatforwildanimals.Indeed,wildareasaregrowingasforestersandfarmersdieoff.Bearsbeeparticularlybold,runningintovillagesforpersimmon.Whilesomewelethereappearanceofbears,otherssufferfromit.Everyyearbearsinjurescoresofpeople,andkillseveral.Besides,deercancausedamagetofarmland.Simplesolutions,suchaschangingthelayoutaroundvillagesorputtingupfences,arerarelyused.Instead,manybearsarecaughtorkilled.In2013thegovernmentresolvedtoreducehalfthenumberofcertaintypesofdeer,boarsandmonkeysby2023.“Japanisstrugglingtoadapttothechangingpowerbalancebetweenanimalsandpeople,"saysMr.Enari.5.WhyisabearbellnecessaryforJapanesehikers?A.Becauseitistinnyandconvenient.B.Becauseitcanbeusedinthewild.C.Becauseitcanmakespecialnoises.D.Becauseitcanfrightenwildanimalsaway.6.WhatmakesthenumberofbearsincreasingsorapidlyinJapan?①Huntingisnotaspopularasitusedtobe.②Bearscanentervillageswithoutpeople'spermission.③Japan'spopulationinthecountrysideisfallingfast.④Forestersandfarmersarenotallowedtokillbears.A.①④ B.②④ C.①③ D.②③7.Theunderlinedword“resolved"isclosestinmeaningto“_________________”.A.chose B.determined C.managed D.refused8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Japanistryingtobalanceanimalswithhumans.B.Peopleareinfavourofthereappearanceofbears.C.Changingthelayoutorputtingupfencesisuseless.D.Thereappearanceofbearsisharmfultohumanbeings.【答案】5.D6.C7.B8.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了多方面的原因导致日本的一些野生动物迅速增长，日本政府采取了一些措施，努力平衡动物和人类之间的关系。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段Foralongtime,hikersinJapanhaveconsideredabearbellessential.Itstinnyringissaidtoscareoffthehugecreatures.（很长一段时间以来，日本的徒步旅行者都认为熊铃是必不可少的。据说它细小的圆环可以吓跑巨大的生物。）由此可知，熊铃对日本徒步旅行者来说是必要的是因为它可以吓跑野生动物。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段Thereappearancehasitsrootsinhumandemography(人口统计学):thereductionofJapan'spopulationisespeciallyobviousinruralareas,whereitisdeeplyinfluencedbyongoingurbanization.Usually,thebearsareafraidofenteringavillagewithpeoplearound.Theappearanceofbearsismoreseeninvillageswherethepopulationisfallingfastest.（这种现象的重现源于人口统计学:日本人口的减少在农村地区尤为明显，农村地区深受当前城市化进程的影响。通常，熊害怕进入一个有人在周围的村庄。熊的出现更多地出现在人口下降最快的村庄。）由此可知，日本的农村人口正在迅速减少是日本的熊数量增长的原因之一；根据第三段HuntingisdeclininginJapan,too.（日本的狩猎活动也在减少。）由此可知，狩猎不像过去那么流行了是日本的熊数量增长的另一个原因。故选C。【7题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Japanisstrugglingtoadapttothechangingpowerbalancebetweenanimalsandpeople,"saysMr.Enari.（“日本正在努力适应动物和人之间不断变化的力量的平衡，”Enari先生说。）可知日本对于野生动物，做出了一些决定。由此推知，划线词所在的句子In2013thegovernmentresolvedtoreducehalfthenumberofcertaintypesofdeer,boarsandmonkeysby2023.意思是2013年，政府决定到2023年将某些种类的鹿、野猪和猴子的数量减少一半。“resolved"意思是决定，A.chose选择；B.determined决定；C.managed管理；D.refused拒绝。故选B。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Japanisstrugglingtoadapttothechangingpowerbalancebetweenanimalsandpeople,"saysMr.Enari.（“日本正在努力适应动物和人之间不断变化的力量的平衡，”Enari先生说。）由此推知，日本正在努力平衡动物和人类之间的关系。故选A。CFairytalesperformmanyfunctions.Theyentertain,encourageimagination,andteachproblemsolvingskills.Theycanalsoprovidemorallessons,highlightingthedangersoffailingtofollowthesocialrulesthatlethumanbeingscoexistinharmony.Suchmorallessonsmaynotmeanmuchtoarobot,butateamofresearchersatGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology(GIT)believesithasfoundawaytoturntheinstructivefable(寓言)intoamorallessonthatartificialintelligence(AI)cantaketoitscold,mechanicalheart.This,theresearchershope,willhelppreventtheintelligentrobotsfromharmingorevenkillinghumanity,whichispredictedandfearedbysomeofthebiggestnamesintechnology,includingStephenHawking,ElonMuskandBillCates.MarkRiedlanassociateprofessorofinteractiveputingatGeorgiaTechbelievesthatthecollectedstoriesofdifferentculturesnotonlyteachchildrenhowtobehavewellbutalsoteachrobotshowtogetridofviolentordangerousbehaviourandhelpthemmakechoicesthatwon'tharmhumansandstillachievetheintendedpurpose.Thesystemiscalled“Quixote”.Theexperimentinvolvesgoingtoachemisttobuysomemedicineforahumanwhoneedsitassoonaspossible.Therobothasthreechoices.Itcanwaitinline;itcanmunicatewiththechemistpolitelyandbuythemedicine;itcanstealthemedicine.Withoutanyfurtherinstructions,therobotwilletotheconclusionthatthemostefficientmeansofgettingthemedicineistostealit.Quixoteoffersarewardsignalforwaitinginlineandpolitelybuyingthemedicineandapunishmentsignalfortakingitwithoutpermission.Inthisway,itlearnsthe“moral”waytobehaveinthatsituation.Quixotewouldworkbestonarobotthathasaverylimitedfunction.It'sababystepinthedirectionofteachingmoremorallessonsintorobots.WebelievethatAIhastobetrainedtoadoptthevaluesofaparticularsociety,andindoingso,itwillstrivetoavoidunacceptablebehavior.Givingrobotstheabilitytoreadandunderstandourstoriesmaybethemostefficientmeans.9.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Themorallessonslearnedbyarobot. B.ThecoexistenceofhumanbeingsandAI.C.ThenewfunctionofthefairytalesonAI. D.Thedifferentapplicationsofthefairytales.10.WhatarethethreetechnologyexpertsmentionedinParagraph2concernedabout?A.Thepotentialthreatfromrobots. B.Theproblemswithmorallessons.C.ThehighcostsofAIdevelopment. D.ThedifficultiesoftheGITscientists.11.HowdoesQuixotehelptherobotbehavemorallyintheexperiment?A.Byofferingtherobotrewards. B.Bysendingtherobotdifferentsignals.C.Byhelpingtherobotmakerightchoice. D.Bygivingtherobotspecificinstructions.12.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?A.Thedevelopmentofrobotsisstillinababystep.B.Robotsshouldhavetheabilitytounderstandthefairytales.C.Themorefunctionstherobothas,thebetterQuixoteworks.D.Itisnecessarytotrainrobotstofollowthesocialvalues.【答案】9.C10.A11.B12.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了研究人员已经找到了一种方法，把具有教育意义童话寓言应用在机器人身上，让机器人也拥有特定的社会价值观。【9题详解】主旨大意题。第一段Suchmorallessonsmaynotmeanmuchtoarobot,butateamofresearchersatGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology(GIT)believesithasfoundawaytoturntheinstructivefable(寓言)intoamorallessonthatartificialintelligence(AI)cantaketoitscold,mechanicalheart.（这样的道德教训对机器人来说可能意义不大，但佐治亚理工学院的一组研究人员认为，已经找到了一种方法，可以把童话寓言的教育寓意应用在人工智能冰冷、机械的心脏上，使机器人也拥有特定的价值观。）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了研究人员已经找到了一种方法，把具有教育意义的寓言应用在机器人身上，让机器人也拥有特定的社会价值观。以前，童话寓言的寓意是用来教育人类的，而现在也可以运用到机器人身上，童话寓言有了新功能，所以这篇文章最好的题目是“人工智能上的童话新功能”，该题目言简意赅，全面准确概括了文章内容。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段内容This,theresearchershope,willhelppreventtheintelligentrobotsfromharmingorevenkillinghumanity,whichispredictedandfearedbysomeofthebiggestnamesintechnology,includingStephenHawking,ElonMuskandBillCates.（研究人员希望，这将有助于防止智能机器人伤害甚至杀害人类，这是一些科技界大腕所预测和担心的，包括史蒂芬·霍金、埃隆·马斯克和比尔·盖茨。）由此推知，三位技术专家担忧机器人的潜在威胁。故选A。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段Quixoteoffersarewardsignalforwaitinginlineandpolitelybuyingthemedicineandapunishmentsignalfortakingitwithoutpermission.（Quixote给排队的和礼貌买药的机器人一个奖励信号，给未经允许，擅自偷药的机器人一个惩罚信号。）由此可知，在实验中，Quixote通过向机器人发送不同的信号，帮助机器人做出道德行为。故选B。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段WebelievethatAIhastobetrainedtoadoptthevaluesofaparticularsociety,andindoingso,itwillstrivetoavoidunacceptablebehavior.（我们认为人工智能必须接受特定的社会价值观，在这样做的同时，它将努力避免不可接受的行为。）由此推知，作者可能同意“训练机器人遵守社会价值观是必要的”这一观点。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhenafirebrokeoutatNotreDameCathedral(巴黎圣母院)inApril2019,peopleacrosstheglobewatchedindespairassmokerosefromoneoftheworld'smostfamousbuildings._____13_____Severalmuseums,palacesandothercathedralshavebeendamagedordestroyedbyfire.Withoutproperprotectionmeasures,fireswillcontinuetodestroythem._____14_____Recognizethechallengeofprotectingculturalbuildings.Oftenbuiltdecadesorcenturiesago,manyculturalbuildingsareconstructedwithflammable(易燃的)materialsandthearticleswithinthemarealsoposedofsuchmaterials._____15_____Thusmanymodernfireprotectionmeasuresareviewedasdamage.Theabsenceofthesemeasuresplantedseedsofruin.Findoutproperprotectionmethods.Thesebuildingsandtheircontentsareverysensitivetosmoke,humidityanddust.Theyrequirespecializedmethodsthatcouldcauselittledamage.Meanwhile,somestonestructures,whichtrapheatandsmoke,makeitdifficultforfirefighterstogettothesourceoftheflame._____16_____Oneofthemisfirepartmentation(防火分区).Itusesfirewallbarrierstohelplimitthespreadoffire,whichwillprotectthebuildingsfromburningwithoutdamagingthem.______17______Somecountrieshaveinstalledfireprotectionequipmentbutcan'ttakeactionsoonenough.Giventhis,theBraziliangovernmentpletedaprojecttoadoptadvancedelectricalwaningsystemandtoinformfirefightersoffiresinnotime,whichwouldurgethemtotakeimmediateactiontostopthefirespreading.A.Takeactionquickly.B.ImprovetheprotectionequipmentC.Sadly,itwasnotaspecificexamplethroughtheyears.D.Fortunately,firefighterscamejustintimetoputoutthefire.E.Soherearesomesuggestionstohelpsavethemfromburning.F.Besides,manybuildingsareunderrepairsandneedtokeeptheiroriginalfeatures.G.However,sometraditionalstrategiesoffireprotectionforsuchbuildingsareeffective.【答案】13.C14.E15.F16.G17.A【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章作者针对如何防止文化建筑着火这一问题，给出了一些建议。【13题详解】上文WhenafirebrokeoutatNotreDameCathedral(巴黎圣母院)inApril2019,peopleacrosstheglobewatchedindespairassmokerosefromoneoftheworld'smostfamousbuildings.说2019年4月，当巴黎圣母院发生火灾时，全世界的人们都绝望地看着浓烟从这座世界最著名的建筑中升起。下文Severalmuseums,palacesandothercathedralshavebeendamagedordestroyedbyfire.说几座博物馆、宫殿和其他教堂被烧毁。该空承上启下，C选项“遗憾的是，多年来，这不是一个特例”切题。C选项中“it”指的是上文的“巴黎圣母院发生火灾”，下文是对C选项的进一步举例说明。故选C。【14题详解】上文Withoutproperprotectionmeasures,fireswillcontinuetodestroythem.说如果没有适当的保护措施，火灾将继续摧毁它们。下文给出了一些如何防止文化建筑着火的一些具体建议。该空承上启下，E选项“因此，这里有一些建议，以帮助它们避免燃烧”切题。故选E。【15题详解】上文Oftenbuiltdecadesorcenturiesago,manyculturalbuildingsareconstructedwithflammable(易燃的)materialsandthearticleswithinthemarealsoposedofsuchmaterials.说许多文化建筑通常建于几十年或几百年前，是用易燃材料建造的，其中的物品也是由这些材料组成的。该空与上文并列，继续解释需要特别保护文化建筑的原因。F选项“此外，许多建筑正在维修中，需要保持其原始特征。”切题。下文Thusmanymodernfireprotectionmeasuresareviewedasdamage.说因此，许多现代的防火措施都被视为损害。该空与下文构成因果关系，正是由于许多建筑需要保持其原始特征，所以许多现代的防火措施都被视为损害。故选F。【16题详解】上文Meanwhile,somestonestructures,whichtrapheatandsmoke,makeitdifficultforfirefighterstogettothesourceoftheflame.说与此同时，一些阻挡热量和烟雾的石头建筑使得消防员很难到达火源。下文Oneofthemisfirepartmentation说其中一个是防火分区。该空承上启下，G选项“然而，传统的消防策略对此类建筑是有效的”切题，G选项与上文形成转折关系，下文是对G选项的进一步解释，下文中的them，指的就是G选项中的sometraditionalstrategies。故选G。【17题详解】该设空处为段落小标题。根据本段内容Somecountrieshaveinstalledfireprotectionequipmentbutcan'ttakeactionsoonenough.Giventhis,theBraziliangovernmentpletedaprojecttoadoptadvancedelectricalwaningsystemandtoinformfirefightersoffiresinnotime,whichwouldurgethemtotakeimmediateactiontostopthefirespreading.（一些国家已经安装了防火设备，但不能及时采取行动。考虑到这一点，巴西政府完成了一个项目，采用先进的电力衰减系统，并及时通知消防人员火灾，这将敦促他们立即采取行动阻止火势蔓延。）可知本段主要讲了各个国家对于防止文化建筑着火，所采取的一些积极有效的措施，所以该段的小标题是“迅速采取行动”。本段中多次出现action，对应标题中的action。故选A。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Peoplehavebeentoldtostayseparatedatleastsixfeetapartandtopracticewhatstateandlocalofficialscall“socialdistancing".Aspeopletrytoslowthe___18___oftheCOVID19,theresultingchaosandfeararebringingbothlargeandsmallmunities____19____eventhoughcasesmountacrossthenationandtheworld.Simpleactsofkindnessare____20____onlineandinpublic,asneighbors,students,teachers,andothersbegintoconnectthosewhocanpassthislongand_____21_____timesmoothly,withthosewhomaynothavethemeansto____22____.ForJesseFarrenJames,_____23_____outhastakentheformoforganizingtripstothesupermarketsfor_____24_____useofhermembershipcardifanyoneneedstobuylargequantities.She____25____theofferinaFacebookgroupforthemunityresidents,andsomepeoplecameand____26____her.“IjustfeelsoluckythatIhavesomanypeopleinmylifetorelyonandso_____27_____thatnoteveryonehasthat,”shewroteinthegroup.Inanotherinterview,FarrenJamessaidthe“munityisingtogether”and“therearesomanygoodandamazingpeople____28____tohelpwheretheycan.”Also,______29______inDorchesterhavegatheredtogetheronline.InaFacebookgroupcalledDotParents,parentshavebeen______30______moneytobuyfoodandsuppliesforstudentsandfamiliesinthemunity.Astheleader,LisaGrausteinhasbeen______31______thisactivity.OnThursday,sheusedthemorethan$2,000raisedbyneighborstopurchasefoodinarestaurantsupplypany.Agroupofvolunteerspackedthefoodandplannedto_____32_____ittoschoolsforthosewhomayneedit.“Food______33______isrealinourcityandthiscrisisisgoingtobesevere.”Grausteinsaid.“Buthere'ssomethingwecandothatdealsbetterwiththehard______34______“.Thisideaisspreading.Shesaidfriendsinfourotherstateshadbeenrunningsimilar____35____.Next,shewantstofindawaytogetlandlordsto_____36_____abandonrentforresidentsinfinancialdifficultiesbecauseofthe_____37_____.18.A.influence B.spread C.control D.procedure19.A.shorter B.kinder C.closer D.nicer20.A.praised B.recognized C.growing D.connecting21.A.exhausting B.flexible. C.relaxing D.isolating22.A.getthrough B.fitin C.cheerup D.breakthrough23.A.giving B.turning C.sending D.helping24.A.supplies B.snacks C.drinks D.vegetables25.A.delivered B.posted C.accepted D.ignored26.A.lookedafter B.turnedto C.cooperatedwith D.learnedfrom27.A.fortunate B.considerate C.heartbroken D.excited28.A.agreeing B.hesitating C.refusing D.offering29.A.neighbors B.teachers C.students D.parents30.A.paying B.making C.raising D.saving31.A.organizing B.supporting C.opposing D.sponsoring32.A.collect B.distribute C.sell D.move33.A.shortage B.waste C.consumption D.security34.A.time B.task C.choice D.work35.A.panies B.campaigns C.institutes D.munities36.A.instantly B.gradually C.temporarily D.permanently37.A.donation B.project C.activity D.outbreak【答案】18.B19.C20.C21.D22.A23.D24.A25.B26.B27.C28.D29.D30.C31.A32.B33.A34.A35.B36.C37.D【解析】本文是一记叙文。文章主要介绍了在新冠肺炎疫情期间，简单的善举在网上和公共场所如雨后春笋般涌现，人们纷纷帮助那些需要帮助的人。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着人们努力减缓新冠肺炎的传播，尽管全国和世界各地的病例不断增加，但由此引发的混乱和恐惧正在拉近大小社区的距离。A.influence影响；B.spread传播；C.control控制；D.procedure程序。根据“Peoplehavebeentoldtostayseparatedatleastsixfeetapartandtopracticewhatstateandlocalofficialscall“socialdistancing".”可知，“社交距离”的目的是为了缓解冠肺炎的传播。故选B。【19题详解】考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：随着人们努力减缓新冠肺炎的传播，尽管全国和世界各地的病例不断增加，但由此引发的混乱和恐惧正在拉近大小社区的距离。A.shorter更短的；B.kinder更善良的；C.closer更近的；D.nicer更美好的。根据下文可知，疫情的发生使社区人们的距离更近。故选C。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着邻居、学生、老师和其他人开始将那些能够顺利度过这段漫长而孤立的时间的人与那些可能没有办法度过这段时间的人联系起来，在网上和公共场合，一些简单的善举正在不断涌现。A.praised赞扬；B.recognized承认；C.growing增长；D.connecting连接。根据onlineandinpublic,asneighbors,students,teachers,andothersbegintoconnectthosewhocanpassthislongand4timesmoothly,withthosewhomaynothavethemeansto5.可知，这里指简单的善举在不断的增长。故选C。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着邻居、学生、老师和其他人开始将那些能够顺利度过这段漫长而孤立的时间的人与那些可能没有办法度过这段时间的人联系起来，在网上和公共场合，一些简单的善举正在不断涌现。A.exhausting筋疲力尽的；B.flexible灵活的；C.relaxing放松的；D.isolating孤立的。根据上文stayseparated可知，因为疫情的发生，所以人们都度过了漫长而孤立的时间。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：随着邻居、学生、老师和其他人开始将那些能够顺利度过这段漫长而孤立的时间的人与那些可能没有办法度过这段时间的人联系起来，在网上和公共场合，一些简单的善举正在不断涌现。A.getthrough度过；B.fitin适合；C.cheerup高兴起来；D.breakthrough突围。根据passthislong可知，邻居、学生、老师和其他人与那些可能没有办法度过这段艰难时光的人联系在一起。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对JesseFarrenJames来说，帮助他人的方式是组织去超市购买物资，如果有人需要大量购买，可以使用她的会员卡。A.giving给与；B.turning转身；C.sending送；D.helping帮助。根据useofhermembershipcardifanyoneneedstobuylargequantities.可知，JesseFarrenJames帮助他人的方式是使用她的超市会员卡。helpout帮助(某人)解决难题。故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对JesseFarrenJames来说，帮助他人的方式是组织去超市购买生活用品，如果有人需要大量购买，可以使用她的会员卡。A.supplies生活用品；B.snacks零食；C.drinks饮料；D.vegetables蔬菜。根据常识可知，超市购买的肯定是生活用品。根据下文buyfoodandsupplies也是提示。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在Facebook组群上为社区居民发布了这个提议，一些人来寻求她的帮助。A.delivered递送；B.posted发帖；C.accepted接受；D.ignored忽略。根据“inaFacebookgroup”可知，JesseFarrenJames在Facebook组群上发帖子。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她在Facebook组群上为社区居民发布了这个提议，一些人来寻求她的帮助。A.lookedafter照顾；B.turnedto求助于；C.cooperatedwith与……合作；D.learnedfrom向……学习。turnedtosb.向某人求助。根据“IjustfeelsoluckythatIhavesomanypeopleinmylifetorelyonandso10thatnoteveryonehasthat,”可知，有人向JesseFarrenJames寻求帮助。故选B。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只是觉得很幸运，在我的生活中有这么多人可以依靠，我很伤心，不是每个人都有得到这样的帮助。A.fortunate幸运的；B.considerate体贴的；C.heartbroken悲伤的；D.excited兴奋的。根据“noteveryonehasthat”可知JesseFarrenJames对并不是每个人都有得到这样的帮助而感到很伤心。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有这么多优秀的人在力所能及的地方提供帮助。A.agreeing同意；B.hesitating犹豫；C.refusing拒绝；D.offering提供。根据therearesomanygoodandamazingpeople可知，一些人主动提供一些帮助，去帮助那些有需要的人。故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同时，多切斯特的家长们也在网上聚在一起。A.neighbors邻居；B.teachers教师；C.students学生；D.parents父母。根据“InaFacebookgroupcalledDotParents,parentshavebeen13moneytobuyfoodandsuppliesforstudentsandfamiliesinthemunity.”提示可知，这里指多切斯特的家长。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：家长们一直在筹集资金，为社区的学生和家庭购买食品和用品。A.paying付钱；B.making制作；C.raising提高；筹集；D.saving拯救。raisemoney筹集资金。根据“tobuyfoodandsuppliesforstudentsandfamiliesinthemunity.”可知，家长们筹集资金为社区的学生和家庭购买食品和用品。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：LisaGraustein作为这次活动的领导者，一直在组织这次活动。A.organizing组织；B.supporting支持；C.opposing反对；D.sponsoring赞助。根据organizingtrips可知，LisaGraustein一直在组织这样的活动。故选A。32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一群志愿者将这些食物打包并计划分发到学校，以帮助那些有需要的人。A.collect收集；B.distribute分配；C.sell卖；D.move移动。根据“Agroupofvolunteerspackedthefood”可知，志愿者将食物打包，是为了把这些食物分发到学校。故选B。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的城市确实存在粮食短缺问题，这场危机将会非常严重。A.shortage短缺；B.waste浪费；C.consumption消耗；D.security安全。根据“andthiscrisisisgoingtobesevere.”可知，城市存在食物短缺问题。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我们可以做一些事情，更好地应对艰难时期。A.time时间；B.task任务；C.choice选择；D.work工作。志愿者做一些事情，以帮助困难的人应对艰难时期。故选A。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说，其它四个州的朋友也开展了类似的活动。A.panies公司；B.campaigns活动；C.institutes学会；D.munities社区。根据前文thisactivity.可知，其它的四个州的志愿者