2021年青海省西宁市高考英语模拟试卷（一）（附答案详解）

2021年青海省西宁市高考英语模拟试卷（一）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

（2021•青海省西宁市•模拟题）

A

Theholidayseasonisuponusandthoughtheymayfeelabitdifferentthisyear-withoutlarge

get-togethers,theholidaysthemselvesarecertainlynotcanceled.Decemberisfilledwith

celebrations.Herearesomeofthemostunusualwayspeoplebringthefestivitieshome-all

aroundtheworld.

KentuckyFriedChristmas

Japan

KentuckyFriedchickenmightnotbethefirstthingthatcomestomindwhenyouthinkof

Christmas,butovertheyears,ithasbecomequitetheholidaytraditioninJapan.Inorderto

ensureyougetyourhandsinaholidaybucket,itissuggestedthatyouorderinadvance,as

nearly4millionpeoplechooseKFCastheirChristmasdinner.

ThrowingoftheShoe

CzechRepublic

ThisChristianstraditionhasnothingtodowithtrimmingtreesorsingingcarols.Rather,young

womenstepoutsidetheirhomesonChristmasEveandinsteadofwaitingforSanta,theythrow

ashoeovertheirshoulders.Howitlandissaidtopredictifthewomanwillmarrynextyear.

BurningEffigies

Ecuador

Newyear'sEvecomeswithawholesetoftraditionsandcustomerstosymbolicallyleavethe

previousyearbehind.Here,Hmonigotes"-figuresthatrepresentwhatwentwronginthelast

year,sometimespoliticiansarethenburnedintothenight.

SaunaVisit

Estonia

Thisisaholidaytraditionmostpeoplewouldhappilygetbehind.OnChristmasEve,after

spendingthedaysettingupforthefollowingday'sfestivities,itistraditionaltosweatitoutin

saunawithyourfamily.

1.Whichholidaytraditiondoyouneedtobookinadvance?

A.SaunaVisit.B.BurningEffigies.

C.ThrowingoftheShoe.D.KentuckyFriedChristmas.

2.IfayoungwomanthrowsashoeoverhershoulderonChristmasEve,shewantstoknow

A.whethershewillgetpromoted.

B.howmuchmoneyshewillmake.

C.whethershewillgetmarriedornot.

D.howmanynewfriendsshewillmake.

3.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?

A.Asciencefiction.B.Anewsmagazine.

C.Atravelbrochure.D.Agovernmentreport.

（2021•青海省西宁市•模拟题）

B

OnacoldwinterdayinDenver,!waitedinlinetoseemyhero,JackCanfield,theco-authorof

thebest-sellingChickenSoupfortheSoulseriesandtheauthorofTheSuccess

Principles.WhatJackhadbecomewasaversionofwhatIwantedtobe.

Duringhistalk,Jackreachedforhiswallet,pulledoutahundred-dollarbill,andsaid,MWho

wantsthis?"

Handsshotupintheaudience；peopleleanedforwardtoseewhomJackwouldchoose.ButIran

upthestairstothestageandgrabbedthebillfromhishand.Heturnedtomeandsaid,"Yes,that's

it!Insteadofwaitingaroundforopportunities,simplytaketheinitiativeandcreatewhatwe

want!"

Afterthisweek,Iaskedforhispersonale-mailaddressandsenthime-mailsharingmyviews

anddreams.Hekindlye-mailedbacksimpleencouragementsuchas"Keepthinkingand

playingbigger；it'smuchmorefunthatway.LoveJack.'1ThenIgotoccupiedwithotherthings

inlifeandIstoppede-mailJack.

Ayearlater,mydreamgraduallyfaded.IhadthisideaifIgotbackintouchwithJack.Ie-mailed

himagainandagainbutgotnoresponse.AsIsatdownatmycomputertocheckmye-mailfor

thefifthtimein15minutes,aninspirationcamelikelighting：WhatwasIdoing?WasIwaiting

fortheprizeoflife?IknewIneededtodosomethingaboutallthiswaiting.Iwasgoingto

writeabook,whichIwouldcall"WaitingforJack1'!

Itallsoundedgood,butthenrealityhit.SomenightsIcriedandwantedtogiveup.Iwroteand

第2页，共21页

rewrote.EventhoughIcouldfeelthefear,Ididitanyway.Fortunately,threeyearslater,Waiting

forJackturnsoutabest-selleronAmazon!

Weallhavea"Jack"forwhomwewait-whetherit'saperson,aplaceorathing.NowIwould

liketoaskyou：whatareyouwaitingfor?

4.Fromthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthattheauthor.

A.wantedJacktoautographherbook

B.wantedtobeassuccessfulasJack

C.wantedtomakefriendswithJack

D.wantedtogethelpfromJack

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatJackCanfieldisprobablyapersonwho.

A.enjoysplayingalotB.likesshowingoffhiswealth

C.seldomtakesrisksD.welcomeschallengesinlife

6.HowdidtheauthorlosecontactwithJack?

A.SheandJackhadanargument

B.ShehadnotimetocontactJack

C.Jackwastooproudtogetalongwith

D.Shewastooupsetwithherbrokendream

7.WhatmightbethethemeofthebookWaitingforJack?

A.ThedisappointmentofwaitingforherheroJack

B.Theneedtokeepwaitingfortheprizeofourlife

C.Theimportanceoftakingactiontoachieveagoal

D.Theharmofblindlyworshippingothersasheroes

（2021•青海省西宁市•模拟题）

C

Forafewmonthstwiceayear,thewatersoffCaliforniaarehometograywhalesmovingnorth

orsouthbetweenthecoastofMexicoandtheBeringSea.Thisyear,however,itseemsthatfewer

whalesaresurvivingthejourneynorth.Sofarthisyear,atotalof30deadgraywhaleshave

washedupontheWestCoast：EightinWashington,oneinOregonand21inCalifornia.Those

numbersareunusuallyhigh.

InNorthernCalifornia,threeoutoffourofthedeadwhalesthathavebeenexaminedsofar

appeartohavediedofstarvationandthefourthwaskilledbyashipstrike,saidBarbie

Halaska,aresearchassistantatTheMarine（海洋的）MammalCenter（TMMC）,anonprofit

organizationthatrescuesandrehabilitates（使康复）marinemammalsinCalifornia.Halaska

andhercolleaguesexaminedthefourwhales-threeyoungwhalesandoneadultmale-and

plannedtoexaminetheremainingdeadwhalesintheregioninthenextcoupleofdays.

Graywhaleswereonceseverelythreatenedbywhalers.Onlyaround2,000ofthemlivedinthe

oceanin1946,soaninternationalagreementtostopgraywhalehuntingwassignedinorderto

helpthepopulationrecover.Graywhaleswereremovedfromtheendangeredspecieslistin

1994whenthepopulationreached23,000individualsandTMMCpredictstherearenow

around26,000graywhalesinthePacificOcean,whichisaboutthenumberbeforethewhaling

boomgotupsteamalmost200yearsago.

Althoughthegraywhalepopulationhasrecoveredtoacertaindegree,thenumberofdead

whaleswashingupthisyearisalarming,Halaskasaid.Climatechangeanddecliningfishstocks

arelikelykeyfactorsinthewhales'poorhealth,shesaid.

HalaskastressedthatboatersandbeachgoersontheWestCoastshouldwatchoutforgray

whalesthistimeofyear.

8.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph3about?

A.Severeconditionsfacinggraywhales.

B.Anagreementtostopkillingwhales.

C.Theevolvingdevelopmentofgraywhales.

D.Thenumberofgraywhalesindifferenttimes.

9.What'sHalaska*sattitudetowardsthepopulationofgraywhale?

A.Worried.B.Discouraged.C.Optimistic.D.Uncaring.

10.Whatmaybetalkedaboutfollowingthelastparagraph?

A.Theimportanceofgraywhales.

B.Graywhales1livingenvironment.

C.Thingstodotohelpgraywhales.

D.Waystoincreasegraywhales*population.

11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.GrayWhalesAreThreatenedbyWhalers

B.WhyManyGrayWhalesDiedonCalifornia'sCoast?

C.GrayWhalesAreinGreatDangerofDyingOut

D.WhereGrayWhalesMovetoAvoidBeingHunt?

第4页，共21页

（2021.青海省西宁市.模拟题）

D

Whenyouarehavingdinner,doyoueatupallthefoodonyourplateorhavesomeleftover（乘ij

菜剩饭）？AccordingtotheUN,1.3billiontonsoffoodiswastedaroundtheworldevery

year.That'saboutone-thirdofallfoodproducedeachyear.

Wemakeasurveyin34countriestoseehowmuchfoodiswastedindifferentcountries.For

example,theUAE（［5可联酋）wastesthemostfood,witheachpersonwastingabout1,000kilos

everyyearonaverage.However,somecountrieshaveworkedhardtousetheirfoodresources

wisely.Francewastestheleastamountoffood,accordingtothesurvey.

Francewasthefirstcountrytopasslawsthatstopfoodwaste.It'snotallowedtothrowaway

freshfood.AnotherlawforcesFrenchrestaurantstoprovidebagsforpeople'sleftovers.

Chinaranked23rdforfoodwasteinthesurvey.China'sfoodwasteisaround18milliontons

everyyear,enoughtofeedupto50millionpeopleforoneyear.Facingthissituation,Chinahas

beenworkinghardtoreducefoodwaste.Sinceearly2013,amovementtopreventfoodwaste

called“emptyplate"hasbegun.lthasbecomepopularamongbothgovernmentofficialsand

generalpublic.

12.Howmuchfoodisproducedeveryyeararoundtheworld?

A.1,000kilograms.B.Morethan34,000kilograms.

C.About1.3billiontons.D.Nearly4billiontons.

13.Accordingtothesurvey,whichcountrywastestheleastamountoffood?

A.China.B.France.C.TheUnitedStates.

D.TheUAE.

14.Todealwithfoodwaste,China.

A.startedamovementcalled"emptyplate"

B.passedlawstobanfoodwaste

C.buysmorefoodfromothercountries

D.produceslessfoodeachyear

15.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?

A.UAEwastesthemostfood.

B.Chinahasbeenworkinghardtoreducefoodwaste.

C.YoucanthrowawayfreshfoodinFrance.

D.1.3billiontonsoffoodiswastedaroundtheworldeveryyear.

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共10.0分)

(2021•青海省西宁市•模拟题)Doyouhavepressure?Exampressure,deadlines,jobinterviews

andpresentationscanallmakeyoufeelnervous.Well,neuroscience(神经系统科学)cangive

yousomehelp.(1).

First,abreathingexercise.

Takeadeepbelly-breaththroughyournoseforfiveseconds,holditforasecond,andthenpush

alltheairoutthroughyournose,slowly,countingtofive.Repeatafewtimesandyou'llfeel

calmer.Understresswetendtobreatheveryquicklyasourbodypreparesfordanger,whichis

usefulifyouneedtorunaway,butnotifyou'reabouttospeakinpublic.Breathedeeplyand

slowly.(2).Sothenexttimeyoufeelpanicrising,usedeepbreathingthroughyour

nosetoforceyourbodyintoastateofcalm.

(3).

Asinglenote,yourfavouritetune,literallyanythingwilldo.Why?Studieshaveshownthat

humming(哼唱)canstimulateoneofthemostimportantpartsofthebody-thevagusnerve

(迷走神经).Sothenexttimeyoufeelyourheartracing,singasongorjusthumanoteandlet

yourownvagusnerverestorecalm.

Thefinaltipistofocus.

Whenyou'rebusy,it'shighlyattractivetomulti-tasks.Butifyouwanttostaycalmandactually

getstuffdone,don'thaveatry.(4).Whenyoudotwothingsatonce,ithastoswitch

betweenthemveryrapidlyandgetsoverstimulated,andfloodsyourbodywithstresshormones.

(5).

Sonexttimeyoufeelpanicrising,stopandremembertobreathe,humandfocus.

A.Thengetreadyforhumming.

B.Nowlistentoyourfavoritesongs.

C.Scansshowyourbraincanonlydoonethingatatime.

D.Herearethreeeasyandreliabletechniquesyoucanuse.

E.Remindyourselfthatthere*sno"right"answertothesequestions.

F.Bydoingonethingatatime,youcanquicklygofromfeelingstressedtoclam.

G.Youcanchangethemessageyourbrain'sreceivingfrom"danger"to"alliswell”.

第6页，共21页

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共20小题，共30.0分)

(2021•青海省西宁市•模拟题)Itwas20yearsago.Iwasayoung(1)withtwobabies

underthree.Myparentshad(2)ustotheirhomeforThanksgivingdinner.Theirtiny

housewas(3).Thereweremywife,myself,andourbabies.Mytwobrotherswerealso

therewiththeirfamilies.Thekitchentablewas(4)andpeoplewereeatingonTVtrays

withplatesintheirlaps.Wetalkedalot.Old(5)werebeingsharedwithlaughterand

love.Adozendifferent(6)weregoingonatonce.

Isatofftotheside,(7)drinkingmysweetteaandtakingitallin.Momwas(8)

thepiefordessertwithasmileonherface.Mywifeandsisters-in-lawweretalkinginone

corner.AsI(9)italhsuddenlyIhada(10)inthecenterofmychest.ltwas

acurious(11)ofpeace,satisfaction,loveand(12).Itmademefeelfullto

overflowing(充满的)inmyheartaswellasmystomach.1(13)thenwhatIwasfeeling：

amomentof(14)thankfulnessonThanksgivingDay.

Somanyyearshavegonebysincethen.Still,thatmomentlivesoninmyheart(15)it

wereyesterday.ltwasn'tthefoodthatmadeitso(16).Itwasthecomingtogetheras

afamilyinlove.

Thanksgivingisn'tjustaholidaythatwecelebrateonceayear.ltisawayof(17)

.Whenwefillourheartswith(18)weopenthemtoevenmore(19)

.Whenwefillourheartswithlovewebecomethepeoplewewerealways(20)

______tobe.

21.A.tailorB.dadC.cookD.wife

22.A.encouragedB.limitedC.invitedD.forced

23.A.decoratedB.packedC.paintedD.swept

24.A.newB.bareC.largeD.full

25.A.scenesB.memoriesC.photosD.pancakes

26.A.conversationsB.activitiesC.impressionsD.games

27.A.angrilyB.fixedly

C.silentlyD.disapprovingly

28.A.puttingupB.holdingupC.pickingupD.cuttingup

29.A.watchedB.ateC.printedD.served

30.A.questionB.raceC.feelingD.choice

31.A.struggleB.mixtureC.pressureD.art

32.A.joyB.trustC.terrorD.sadness

33.A.expressedB.realizedC.rejectedD.prayed

34.A.funnyB.lastingC.pureD.spare

35.A.beforeB.eventhoughC.whenD.asif

36.A.hopefulB.specialC.commonD.regular

37.A.relaxationB.celebrationC.lifeD.entertainment

38.A.curiosityB.knowledgeC.humorD.thankfulness

39.A.instructionsB.directionsC.blessingsD.summaries

40.A.meantB.requestedC.commandedD.forbidden

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

41.(2021•青海省西宁市•模拟题)China'sChange5mission(1)(successful)

deliveredsamplesofmoonrockanddusttoEarthonDecember17.Itmarksthefirsttime

in44yearsthatmoonrocks(2)(bring)backtoplanet.

ThesamplecapsulelandedinInnerMongolia(3)alittleafter2：00a.m.Thursday

localtime.Thedrop-offistheendingofa23-daymissionthatbeganonNovember23,

(4)ChinasentupChang'e5fromasiteonHainanIsland.Themission'sgoal

was(5)(collect)atleastfourpoundsandbring(6)backtoEarth.

ThematerialcollectedbyChang'e5isfromasitein(7)northwestregionofthe

moon'snearside.Thisareawasformedmorerecently,andthe(8)(rock)here

arethoughttobeonlyabout1.2billionyearsold.Thatmeansscientists(9)

(study)thematerialcouldlearnmoreabouttheevolutionofthemoon.

AlthoughChang'e5wasashortmission,it'soneofthemostcomplexprojects(10)

第8页，共21页

（undertake）bytheChinesespaceprogramsofar.Thecountryisfarfromdone

withthemoonChang*e6,asecondlunarsamplereturn,isreadytolaunchin2023or2024.

五、短文改错（本大题共I小题，共10.0分）

42.（2021•江西省上饶市・模拟题）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修

改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及

一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号S）,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I'masenior3studentfromChina.NowI'mheretoexpressedmythankstoyouonbehalf

myschoolandmyself.

Ihavebeenstudyingasaexchangesludenlinmyschoolforamonth.Thepastmonthhas

beenawonderfultime,duringthatIhavemademanyfriendsandlearnedalotabout

Americanculture.NotonlymyspeakingEnglish,butalsomyabilitytoliveindependent

hasimprovedalot.Thanksforyourtreatmentortheserviceyouoffered.Finally,Iwarmly

welcomedyoutovisitmyschool.Iwillbeverymuchgladtobeyourguideatthattime.

That'sall.Thankyouforyourlistening.

六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）

43.（2021•青海省西宁市•模拟题）假定你是李华，在你校学习的英国交换生Frank想参加

中国诗词大会（ChinesePoetryTVCompetition）,特给你写邮件寻求建议。请你给

他回一封邮件，要点如下：

1.乐意帮助；

2.具体建议；

3.表达祝愿。

注意：词数100左右；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

DearFrank,

Yours,

LiHua

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】C【小题3】B

【知识点】时文广告

【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据文章第二段KentuckyFriedChristmas部分"Inorderto

ensureyougetyourhandsinaholidaybucket,itissuggestedthatyouorderinadvance,as

nearly4millionpeoplechooseKFCastheirChristmasdinner.（为了确保你能买到假日桶，

建议你提前订购，因为近400万人选择肯德基作为他们的圣诞晚餐）”可知，在日本要

在圣诞节吃肯德基需要提前预定。故选D.

（2）C.细节理解题。根据文章第三段"Rather,youngwomenstepoutsidetheirhomeson

ChristmasEveandinsteadofwaitingforSanta,theythrowashoeovertheirshoulders.Howit

landissaidtopredictifthewomanwillmarrynextyear.（相反，年轻女性在平安夜走出

家门，而不是等待圣诞老人，她们把鞋子扔在肩上。据说这样做可以预测这个女人明年

是否结婿）"可知，年轻女性在平安夜将鞋子扔在肩上是想看看她明年是否会结婚。故

选C.

（3）B.文章出处题。根据文章第一段Theholidayseasonisuponusandthoughtheymayfeel

abitdifferentthisyear-withoutlargeget-togethers,theholidaysthemselvesarecertainlynot

canceled."（假期就要到了，尽管今年它们可能会感觉有些不同一没有大型聚会，但假

期本身肯定不会取消）以及"Herearesomeofthemostunusualwayspeoplebringthe

festivitieshome-allaroundtheworld.（以下是世界各地人们庆祝节日的一些最不寻常

的方式）”可知，介绍了疫情之下，世界各地人们把节日带回家的几种不寻常的方式，

属于新闻范畴。由此推断出，本文应该出自一本新闻杂志。A.Asciencefiction科幻

小说；B.Anewsmagazine新闻杂志；C.Atravelbrochure旅行手册；D.A

governmentreport一份政府报告。故选B.

本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了疫情之下，世界各地人们把节日带回家的几种不寻常的

方式。

1.直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原

文基本一致的题目。2.间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言

表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3.综合信息题：综合信息题

第10页，共21页

是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的儿句话，或者是散落在

文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

4.【答案】

【小题1】B【小题2】D【小题3】B【小题4】C

【知识点】日常生活

【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据原文第一段WhatJackhadbecomewasaversionofwhat

Iwantedtobe.（杰克变成了我想成为的样子。）可知作者想跟杰克一样成功。B.wanted

tobeassuccessfulasJack（想要和杰克一样成功）正确。故选B.

（2）D.推理判断题。根据原文第三段Heturnedtomeandsaid,"Yes,that'sit!Insteadof

waitingaroundforopportunities,simplytaketheinitiativeandcreatewhatwewant!"（他转向

我说：”是的，就是它!"与其坐等机会，不如主动出击，仓4造我们想要的!”）可知杰克欢

迎生活中的挑战。D.welcomeschallengesinlife（欢迎生活中的挑战）正确。故选D.

（3）B.细节理解题。根据原文第四段ThenIgotoccupiedwithotherthingsinlifeandI

stoppede-mailJack.（然后我忙于生活中的其他事情，停止给杰克发电子邮件。）可知

由于很忙作者没有与杰克频繁联系。B.ShehadnotimetocontactJack（她没有时间联系

杰克）正确。故选B.

（4）C.推理判断题。根据文中Weallhavea"Jack"forwhomwewait-whetherit'saperson,a

placeorathing.（我们都有一个"杰克"，我们等着他-不管是一个人，一个地方还是一件

事。）可知这本书的主题是采取行动文寸实现目标的重要性，C.Theimportanceoftaking

actiontoachieveagoal（采取行动实现目标的重要性）正确。故选C.

这篇文章写的是作者是如何写出《等待杰克》这一本书的，告诉我们：不要等待，要采

取行动才能实现自己的目标。

做这类阅读理解，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相

关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

8.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】A【小题3】C【小题4】B

【知识点】健康与生活方式

【解析】(1)D.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Graywhaleswereonceseverely

threatenedbywhalers.Onlyaround2,000ofthemlivedintheoceanin1946,soan

internationalagreementtostopgraywhalehuntingwassignedinordertohelpthepopulation

recover.Graywhaleswereremovedfromtheendangeredspecieslistin1994whenthe

populationreached23,000individualsandTMMCpredictstherearenowaround26,000gray

whalesinthePacificOcean,whichisabouthowmanytherewerebeforethewhalingboomgot

upsteamalmost200yearsago.灰鲸曾一度受到捕鲸者的严重威胁。1946年，只有大约2000

头灰鲸生活在海洋中，因此签署了一项国际协议，停止捕杀灰鲸，以帮助种群恢复。1994

年，灰鲸数量达到23000头，TMMC将灰鲸从濒危物种名单中删除。据预测，现在太

平洋上大约有26000头灰鲸，大约是200年前捕鲸热潮兴起前的数量。可知，本段主要

讲述了在不同时期全球灰鲸的数量，结合选项，故选D.

(2)A.观点态度题。根据文章第一段中的Thisyear,however,itseemsthatfewerwhales

aresurvivingthejourneynorth.今年灰鲸迁徙途中死亡的数量不同寻常地高；根据第四段，

Althoughthegraywhalepopulationhasrecoveredtoacertaindegree,thenumberofdead

whaleswashingupthisyearisalarming,Halaskasaid.Climatechangeanddecliningfishstocks

arelikelykeyfactorsinthewhales*poorhealth,shesaid.哈拉斯卡说，虽然灰鲸数量已经恢

复到一定程度，但今年被洗劫一空的死亡鲸鱼数量令人担忧。气候变化和鱼类数量下降

可能是导致鲸鱼健康状况不佳的关键因素。可知，尽管灰鲸数量在一定程度上有所恢复，

但是今年死亡灰鲸的数量给人们敲响了警钟。由此可知，哈拉斯卡对于灰鲸的数量仍然

是感到担忧的。A.Worried担忧的；B.Discouraged沮丧的；C.Optimistic乐观的；

D.Uncaring不关心的，结合选项，故选A.

(3)C.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的Halaskastressedthatboatersandbeachgoers

ontheWestCoastshouldwatchoutforgraywhalesthistimeofyear.哈拉斯卡强调，每年的

这个时候，在西海岸乘船游玩的人和海滩游客都应该密切关注灰鲸。由此推测，接下来

很可能会提到如果发现灰鲸，发现者能做什么来帮助它们。结合选项，故选C.

(4)B.标题归纳题。根据文章第二段中的InNorthernCalifornia,threeoutoffourofthe

deadwhalesthathavebeenexaminedsofarappeartohavediedofstarvationandthefourth

waskilledbyashipstrike.在力口州北部，迄今为止检查过的4头死鲸中，有3头死于饥饿，

第4头死于船只碰撞。可知，文章主要讲述灰鲸在加利福利亚海岸死亡的原因，结合选

项，故选B.

本文是一篇健康环保类说明文，文章讲述了今年灰鲸在迁徙途中大量死亡，研究人员分

析了原因一气候变化、鱼类资源的减少、与船只发生的碰撞。

第12页，共21页

考查健康环保类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正

确的选择。

12.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】B【小题3】A【小题4】C

【知识点】新闻报道与社会现象

【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Whenyouarehavingdinner,doyoueatup

allthefoodonyourplateorhavesomeleftover（剩菜剩饭）？AccordingtotheUN,1.3

blliontonsoffoodiswastedaroundtheworldeveryyear.That'saboutone-thirdofallfood

producedeachyear.（当你吃晚饭的时候，你把你盘子里的食物都吃光了还是有一些剩

菜？据联合国统计，全世界每年有13亿吨食物被浪费。这大约是每年所有食物产量的

三分之一。）"可知，每年全球浪费的粮食产量为13亿吨的3倍，也就是接近40亿吨。

故选D。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Francewastestheleastamountoffood,accordingto

thesurvey.（调查显示，法国人的食物浪费最少。）”可知，法国是浪费食物最少的国

家。故选B。

（3）A.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段"Chinahasbeenworkinghardtoreducefood

waste.Sinceearly2013,amovementtopreventfoodwastecalled"emptyplate"hasbegun.

（中国一直在努力减少食物浪费。自2013年初以来，一项名为"空盘的防止食物浪费的

运动已经开始。）"可知，为了处理食物浪费问题，中国采取了“光盘“行动。故选A。

（4）C.细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Francewasthefirstcountrytopasslawsthatstopfood

waste.It'snotalowedtothrowawayfreshfood.AnolherlawforcesFrenchrestaurantsto

providebagsforpeople'sleftovers.（法国是第一个通过法律阻止食物浪费的国家。不允

许扔掉新鲜的食物。另一项法律强制法国餐馆为人们的剩菜提供袋子。）"可知，在法

国是不允许扔掉新鲜食物的。C项表述错误。故选C。

这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球一些国家对于食物浪费的调查。

1.直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。

2.间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原

文信息进行转换。

3.综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或

者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。

16.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】G【小题3】A【小题4】C【小题5】F

【知识点】语篇范围

【解析】（1）D.联系上文题。上一•句提至！T'neurosciencecangiveyousomehelp.（神经系

统科学可以给你一些帮助。）"D项"Herearethreeeasyandreliabletechniquesyoucanuse.

（下面是三个你可以使用的简单可靠的技巧。）"与上一句"giveyousomehelp"相呼应;

下文的三段提到了三个技巧，D项是承上启下。故选D项。

（2）G.细节理解题。空前一句提到“Breathedeeplyandslowly.（深沉、缓慢地呼吸）"；

空后一句提至『'Sothenexttimeyoufeelpanicrising,usedeepbreathingthroughyournoseto

forceyourbodyintoastateofcalm.（所以下次你感到惊慌的时候，用鼻子深呼吸，迫使

你的身体进入平静的状态。G项"Youcanchangethemessageyourbrain'sreceivingfrom

"danger"to"alliswell".（你可以把你大脑接收到的信息从"危险"改为"一切都好"。）"是

说明当你紧张时要缓慢深呼吸的原因，空后一句是说明结果。其中so表示因果关系。

故选G项。

（3）A.标题确定题。设空处位于段首，根据文章结构可知，该处为本段的标题，也是

主题句；文章第二段的小标题中提到“First”,第四段小标题中提到“Thefinaltip"，A项

中“Then"与第二段、第四段小标题中的“First""final”表示顺序关系；该段下文中提到

"hummingcanstimulateoneofthemostimportantpartsofthebody（哼唱可以刺激身体的

最重要的一个部分）""singasongorjusthumanote（唱首歌或仅仅哼唱曲子）"说明哼

唱在缓解压力时的作用。因此A项"Thengetreadyforhumming.（然后准备好哼唱）"可

以作为该段的小标题。故选A项。

（4）C.细节理解题。该段小标题"Thefinaltipistofocus”,该段提出的建议是要集中注

意力;C项中"…yourbraincanonlydoonethingatatime.（你的大脑一次只能做一件事）

“与该段小标题中的“focus”相符。故选C项。

（5）F.联系上文题。空前一句提到"Whenyoudotwothingsatonce,ithastoswitchbetween

themveryrapidlyandgetsoverstimulated,andfloodsyourbodywithstresshormones.（当伤:

同时做两件事的时候，你的身体就会迅速地在两件事之间切换，从而受到过度刺激，让

第14页，共21页

你的身体充满压力荷尔蒙)”，说明大脑同时做两件事会让你压力增加；F项”Bydoingone

thingatatime,youcanquicklygofromfeelingstressedtoclam.(一次只做一件事，你很快

就能从紧张状态恢复平静)”是进一步强调一次做一件事情的好处，紧扣该段主题“focus

(集中注意力)"。故选F项。

本文是说明文。文章关于如何缓解紧张和压力的情绪提出了儿条建议。

考查七选五选句填空。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合前后语句及选项做出正

确的选择。

21.【答案】

【小题1]B【小题2】C【小题3】B【小题4】D【小题5】B

【小题6】A【小题7】C【小题8】D【小题9】A[小题10]C

【小题11]B【小题121A【小题13]B【小题14]C【小题15]D

【小题161B【小题17]